svcadm(1M)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 1M 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
add_drv(8)
System Administration Commands add_drv(8)
NAME
add_drv - add a new device driver to the system
SYNOPSIS
add_drv [-b basedir] [-c class_name]
[-i 'identify_name...'] [-m 'permission','...']
[-p 'policy'] [-P privilege] [-n] [-f] [-u] [-v] device_driver
DESCRIPTION
The add_drv command is used to inform the system about newly installed
device drivers.
Each device on the system has a name associated with it. This name is
represented by the name property for the device. Similarly, the device
may also have a list of driver names associated with it. This list is
represented by the compatible property for the device.
The system determines which devices will be managed by the driver being
added by examining the contents of the name property and the compatible
property (if it exists) on each device. If the value in the name prop‐
erty does not match the driver being added, each entry in the compati‐
ble property is tried, in order, until either a match occurs or there
are no more entries in the compatible property.
In some cases, adding a new driver may require a reconfiguration boot.
See the NOTES section.
Aliases might require quoting (with double-quotes) if they contain num‐
bers. See EXAMPLES.
The /etc/minor_perm File
add_drv and update_drv(8) read the /etc/minor_perm file to obtain per‐
mission information. The permission specified is applied to matching
minor nodes created when a device bound to the driver is attached. A
minor node's permission may be manually changed by chmod(1). For such
nodes, the specified permissions apply, overriding the default permis‐
sions specified via add_drv or update_drv(8).
The format of the /etc/minor_perm file is as follows:
name:minor_name permissions owner group
minor_name may be the actual name of the minor node, or contain shell
metacharacters to represent several minor nodes (see sh(1)).
For example:
sd:* 0640 root sys
zs:[a-z],cu 0600 uucp uucp
mm:kmem 0640 root bin
The first line sets all devices exported by the sd node to 0640 permis‐
sions, owned by root, with group sys. In the second line, devices such
as a,cu and z,cu exported by the zs driver are set to 0600 permis‐
sion, owned by uucp, with group uucp. In the third line the kmem device
exported by the mm driver is set to 0640 permission, owned by root,
with group bin.
Running add_drv from a postinstall Script
When running add_drv from within the context of a package's postinstall
script, you must consider whether the package is being added to a sys‐
tem image or to a running system. When a package is being installed on
a system image, the BASEDIR variable refers to the image's base direc‐
tory. In this situation, add_drv should be invoked with -b $BASEDIR.
This causes add_drv only to update the image's system files; a reboot
of the system or client would be required to make the driver opera‐
tional.
When a package is being installed on the running system itself, the
system files need to be updated, as in the case above. However, the
running kernel can be informed of the existence of the new driver with‐
out requiring a reboot. To accomplish this, the postinstall script must
invoke add_drv without the -b option. Accordingly, postinstall scripts
invoking add_drv should be written thusly:
if [ "${BASEDIR:=/}" = "/" ]
then
ADD_DRV="add_drv"
else
ADD_DRV="add_drv -b ${BASEDIR}"
fi
$ADD_DRV [<options>] <driver>
...or, alternatively:
if [ "${BASEDIR:=/}" != "/" ]
then
BASEDIR_OPT="-b $BASEDIR"
fi
add_drv $BASEDIR_OPT [<options>] <driver>
The -b option is described below.
OPTIONS
-b basedir
Installs the driver on the system with a root directory of basedir
rather than installing on the system executing add_drv . This
option is typically used in package post-installation scripts when
the package is not being installed on the system executing the
pkgadd command. The system using basedir as its root directory
must reboot to complete the driver installation.
Note -
The root file system of any non-global zones must not be refer‐
enced with the -b option. Doing so might damage the global zone's
file system, might compromise the security of the global zone,
and might damage the non-global zone's file system. See zones(7).
-c class_name
The driver being added to the system exports the class class_name.
-f
Normally if a reconfiguration boot is required to complete the con‐
figuration of the driver into the system, add_drv will not add the
driver. The force flag forces add_drv to add the driver even if a
reconfiguration boot is required. See the -v flag.
-i 'identify_name'
A white-space separated list of aliases for the driver
device_driver.
-m 'permission'
Specify the file system permissions for device nodes created by the
system on behalf of device_driver.
-n
Do not try to load and attach device_driver, just modify the system
configuration files for the device_driver.
-p 'policy'
Specify an additional device security policy.
The device security policy consists of several whitespace separated
tokens:
{minorspec {token=value}+}+
minorspec is a simple wildcard pattern for a minor device. A single
* matches all minor devices. Only one * is allowed in the pattern.
Patterns are matched in the following order:
o entries without a wildcard
o entries with wildcards, longest wildcard first
The following tokens are defined: read_priv_set, write_priv_set,
tpd_member, and admin_high. read_priv_set defines the privileges
that need to be asserted in the effective set of the calling
process when opening a device for reading. write_priv_set defines
the privileges that need to be asserted in the effective set of the
calling process when opening a device for writing. tpd_member is
used only for immutable global zones. Devices with tpd_member set
to "true" are read-only in a immutable global zone. This is enabled
by default on devices where write_priv_set=ALL. For more informa‐
tion, see the privileges(7) man page.
Setting require_admin_high=true only allows access to processes
whose clearance is ADMIN_HIGH. When not specified, this token
defaults to false, so that the process clearance has no affect on
the access policy.
A missing minor spec is interpreted as a *.
-P 'privilege'
Specify additional, comma separated, privileges used by the driver.
You can also use specific privileges in the device's policy.
-u
Add the driver to the system, leaving it in an inactive state for
later configuration with devfsadm(8) -u. The -u behavior differs
from -n in that -n only updates the system files, requiring a
reboot to attach the driver. Drivers added with -u can be attached
by running devfsadm -u without rebooting. Driver writers should
verify their driver with this behavior. See NOTES for additional
considerations. The -u option cannot be used together with -n or
-b.
-v
The verbose flag causes add_drv to provide additional information
regarding the success or failure of a driver's configuration into
the system. See the EXAMPLES section.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Adding SUNW Example Driver to the System
The following example adds the SUNW,example driver to a 32-bit system,
with an alias name of SUNW,alias. It assumes the driver has already
been copied to /usr/kernel/drv.
example# add_drv -m '* 0666 bin bin','a 0644 root sys' \
-p 'a write_priv_set=sys_config * write_priv_set=none' \
-i 'SUNW,alias' SUNW,example
Every minor node created by the system for the SUNW,example driver will
have the permission 0666, and be owned by user bin in the group bin,
except for the minor device a, which will be owned by root, group sys,
and have a permission of 0644. The specified device policy requires no
additional privileges to open all minor nodes, except minor device a,
which requires the sys_config privilege when opening the device for
writing.
Example 2 Adding Driver to the Client /export/root/sun1
The following example adds the driver to the client /export/root/sun1.
The driver is installed and loaded when the client machine, sun1, is
rebooted. This second example produces the same result as the first,
except the changes are on the diskless client, sun1, and the client
must be rebooted for the driver to be installed.
example# add_drv -m '* 0666 bin bin','a 0644 root sys' \
-i 'SUNW,alias' -b /export/root/sun1 \
SUNW,example
See the note in the description of the -b option, above, specifying the
caveat regarding the use of this option with the Solaris zones feature.
Example 3 Adding Driver for a Device Already Managed by an Existing
Driver
The following example illustrates the case where a new driver is added
for a device that is already managed by an existing driver. Consider a
device that is currently managed by the driver dumb_framebuffer. The
name and compatible properties for this device are as follows:
name="display"
compatible="whizzy_framebuffer", "dumb_framebuffer"
If add_drv is used to add the whizzy_framebuffer driver, the following
will result.
example# add_drv whizzy_framebuffer
Error: Could not install driver (whizzy_framebuffer)
Device managed by another driver.
If the -v flag is specified, the following will result.
example# add_drv -v whizzy_framebuffer
Error: Could not install driver (whizzy_framebuffer)
Device managed by another driver.
Driver installation failed because the following
entries in /devices would be affected:
/devices/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/display[:*]
(Device currently managed by driver "dumb_framebuffer")
The following entries in /dev would be affected:
/dev/fbs/dumb_framebuffer0
If the -v and -f flags are specified, the driver will be added result‐
ing in the following.
example# add_drv -vf whizzy_framebuffer
A reconfiguration boot must be performed to complete the
installation of this driver.
The following entries in /devices will be affected:
/devices/iommu@f,e0000000/sbus@f,e0001000/display[:*]
(Device currently managed by driver "dumb_framebuffer"
The following entries in /dev will be affected:
/dev/fbs/dumb_framebuffer0
The above example is currently only relevant to devices exporting a
generic device name.
Example 4 Use of Double Quotes in Specifying Driver Alias
The following example shows the use of double quotes in specifying a
driver alias that contains numbers.
example# add_drv -i '"pci10c5,25"' smc
EXIT STATUS
add_drv returns 0 on success and 1 on failure.
FILES
/kernel/drv
32-bit boot device drivers
/kernel/drv/sparcv9
64-bit SPARC boot device drivers
/kernel/drv/amd64
64-bit x86 boot device drivers
/usr/kernel/drv
other 32-bit drivers that could potentially be shared between plat‐
forms
/usr/kernel/drv/sparcv9
other 64-bit SPARC drivers that could potentially be shared between
platforms
/usr/kernel/drv/amd64
other 64-bit x86 drivers that could potentially be shared between
platforms
/platform/`uname -i`/kernel/drv
32-bit platform-dependent drivers
/platform/`uname -i`/kernel/drv/sparcv9
64-bit SPARC platform-dependent drivers
/platform/`uname -i`/kernel/drv/amd64
64-bit x86 platform-dependent drivers
/etc/driver_aliases
driver aliases file
/etc/driver_classes
driver classes file
/etc/minor_perm
minor node permissions
/etc/name_to_major
major number binding
/etc/security/device_policy
device policy
/etc/security/extra_privs
device privileges
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/device-administration
SEE ALSO
chmod(1), devfs(4FS), driver.conf(5), system(5), attributes(7), clear‐
ance(7), privileges(7), tpd(7), boot(8), devfsadm(8), kernel(8), mod‐
info(8), rem_drv(8), update_drv(8), ddi_create_minor_node(9F)
NOTES
It is possible to add a driver for a device already being managed by a
different driver, where the driver being added appears in the device's
compatible list before the current driver. In such cases, a reconfigu‐
ration boot is required (see boot(8) and kernel(8)). After the recon‐
figuration boot, device links in /dev and references to these files may
no longer be valid (see the -v flag). If a reconfiguration boot would
be required to complete the driver installation, add_drv will fail
unless the -f option is specified. See Example 3 in the EXAMPLES sec‐
tion.
With the introduction of the device policy several drivers have had
their minor permissions changed and a device policy instated. The typi‐
cal network driver should use the following device policy:
add_drv -p 'read_priv_set=net_rawaccess\
write_priv_set=net_rawaccess' -m '* 666 root sys'\
mynet
This document does not constitute an API. /etc/minor_perm,
/etc/name_to_major, /etc/driver_classes, and /devices may not exist or
may have different contents or interpretations in a future release. The
existence of this notice does not imply that any other documentation
that lacks this notice constitutes an API.
/etc/minor_perm can only be updated by add_drv, rem_drv, or update_drv
commands.
In the current version of add_drv, the use of double quotes to specify
an alias is optional when used from the command line. However, when
using add_drv from packaging scripts, you should continue to use double
quotes to specify an alias.
Some drivers should not be added and configured on the system directly,
but should only be configured as the system boots. The reasons for this
restriction include, but are not limited to, a driver dependency on
configuration early during boot or a dependency on some kernel compo‐
nent being installed or updated at the same time as the driver is being
added. Such drivers should only be added to the system with the -n
flag, so the driver is only loaded and configured when the system is
rebooted, thus assuring an environment in which the driver can be con‐
figured properly.
BUGS
Previous versions of add_drv accepted a pathname for device_driver.
This feature is no longer supported and results in failure.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 23 Jan 2017 add_drv(8)