svcadm(1M)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 1M 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
magic(5)
magic(5) File Formats magic(5)
NAME
magic - file command's magic number file
SYNOPSIS
/etc/magic
DESCRIPTION
The file(1) command identifies the type of a file using, among other
tests, a test for whether the file begins with a certain magic number.
The /etc/magic file, or a file specified as an option-argument to the
-m or -M options of file(1), specifies what magic numbers are to be
tested for, what message to print if a particular magic number is
found, and additional information to extract from the file.
Each line of the file specifies a position-sensitive test to perform. A
test compares the data starting at a particular offset in the file with
a 1-byte, 2-byte, 4-byte, or 8-byte numeric value or string. If the
test succeeds, a message is printed. The line consists of the following
fields (separated by tabs): offset type value message
offset A number specifying the offset, in bytes, into the file of
the data which is to be tested.
type The type of the data to be tested. The possible values are:
byte, d1, dC A one-byte signed value.
short, d2, dS A 2-byte signed value.
long, d4, dI, dL, d A 4-byte signed value.
llong, d8 An 8-byte signed value
ubyte, u1, uC A one-byte unsigned value.
ushort, u2, uS A 2-byte unsigned value.
ulong, u4, uI, uL, u A 4-byte unsigned value.
ullong, u8 An 8-byte unsigned value.
string, s A string of bytes.
All type specifiers, except for string and s, may be fol‐
lowed by a mask specifier of the form &number. If a mask
specifier is given, the value is AND'ed with the number
before any comparisons are done. The number is specified in
C form. For instance, 13 is decimal, 013 is octal, and 0x13
is hexadecimal.
value The value to be compared with the value from the file. If
the type is numeric, this value is specified in C form. If
it is a string, it is specified as a C string with the usual
escapes permitted (for instance, \n for NEWLINE).
Numeric values may be preceded by a character indicating the
operation to be performed, as follows:
= The value from the file must equal the specified value.
< The value from the file must be less than the specified
value.
> The value from the file must be greater than the speci‐
fied value.
& All the bits in the specified value must be set in the
value from the file.
^ At least one of the bits in the specified value must
not be set in the value from the file.
x Any value will match.
If the character is omitted, it is assumed to be "=".
For comparison of numeric values, the sign and size of both
the value in the file and the value from the value field of
the magic entry will match that of the corresponding type
field. If there is a non-zero mask (&) in the type field,
the comparison will be unsigned.
For string values, the byte string from the file must match
the specified byte string. The byte string from the file
which is matched is the same length as the specified byte
string. If the value is a string, it can contain the follow‐
ing sequences:
\character The backslash-escape sequences \\, \a, \b,
\f, \n, \r, \t, \v.
\octal Octal sequences that can be used to represent
characters with specific coded values. An
octal sequence consists of a backslash fol‐
lowed by the longest sequence of one, two, or
three octal-digit characters (01234567).
message The message to be printed if the comparison succeeds. If the
string contains a printf(3C) format specification, the value
from the file (with any specified masking performed) is
printed using the message as the format string.
Some file formats contain additional information which is to be printed
along with the file type. A line which begins with the character ">"
indicates additional tests and messages to be printed. If the test on
the line preceding the first line with a ">" succeeds, the tests speci‐
fied in all the subsequent lines beginning with ">" are performed, and
the messages are printed if the tests succeed. The next line which does
not begin with a ">" terminates this.
FILES
/etc/magic
SEE ALSO
file(1), printf(3C)
NOTES
In Solaris 9 and prior releases, the file utility may have performed
unsigned comparisons for types byte, short, and long. Old user-defined
magic files, which were specified with the -m option, will need modifi‐
cation of byte, short, and long entries to their corresponding unsigned
types (ubyte, ushort, or ulong) for those entries for which all of the
following are true:
o The entry uses the "<" or the ">" operator.
o The type field does not contain a non-zero mask.
o The intention of the entry is to test unsigned values.
For example, if the following entry is expected to match any non-zero,
one-byte value from the file, including values for which the sign bit
is on:
#offset type value message
0 byte >0 this matches any non-zero value
then that entry should be changed to:
0 ubyte >0 this matches any non-zero value
In Solaris 7 through Solaris 9, when applying tests for magic file
entries whose type field is the numeric type "short" or "long", the
file utility in the x86 environment would switch the byte order of the
numeric values read. Starting in Solaris 10, the byte order will not be
switched on x86. A test for a numeric value whose byte order is identi‐
cal in both little- and big-endian architectures may require two magic
file entries, to ensure that the test correctly identifies files in
both environments. For example, a magic file entry that will match on a
big-endian system may look like this:
0 long 0xf00000ff extended accounting file
Its corresponding magic file entry that will match the same value on a
little-endian system would look like this:
0 long 0xff0000f0 extended accounting file
BUGS
There should be more than one level of subtests, with the level indi‐
cated by the number of '>' at the beginning of the line.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 6 Feb 2004 magic(5)