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umem_cache_create(3malloc)
Memory Allocation Library Functions
umem_cache_create(3MALLOC)
NAME
umem_cache_create, umem_cache_destroy, umem_cache_alloc,
umem_cache_free - allocation cache manipulation
SYNOPSIS
cc [ flag ... ] file... -lumem [ library ... ]
#include <umem.h>
umem_cache_t *umem_cache_create(char *debug_name, size_t bufsize,
size_t align, umem_constructor_t *constructor,
umem_destructor_t *destructor, umem_reclaim_t *reclaim,
void *callback_data, vmem_t *source, int cflags);
void umem_cache_destroy(umem_cache_t *cache);
void *umem_cache_alloc(umem_cache_t *cache, int flags);
void umem_cache_free(umem_cache_t *cache, void *buffer);
DESCRIPTION
These functions create, destroy, and use an "object cache" An object
cache is a collection of buffers of a single size, with optional con‐
tent caching enabled by the use of callbacks (see Cache Callbacks).
Object caches are MT-Safe. Multiple allocations and freeing of memory
from different threads can proceed simultaneously. Object caches are
faster and use less space per buffer than malloc(3MALLOC) and
umem_alloc(3MALLOC). For more information about object caching, see
"The Slab Allocator: An Object-Caching Kernel Memory Allocator" and
"Magazines and vmem: Extending the Slab Allocator to Many CPUs and
Arbitrary Resources".
The umem_cache_create() function creates object caches. Once a cache
has been created, objects can be requested from and returned to the
cache using umem_cache_alloc() and umem_cache_free(), respectively. A
cache with no outstanding buffers can be destroyed with
umem_cache_destroy().
Creating and Destroying Caches
The umem_cache_create() function creates a cache of objects and takes
as arguments the following:
debug_name A human-readable name for debugging purposes.
bufsize The size, in bytes, of the buffers in this cache.
align The minimum alignment required for buffers in this
cache. This parameter must be a power of 2. If 0, it
is replaced with the minimum required alignment for
the current architecture.
constructor The callback to construct an object.
destructor The callback to destroy an object.
reclaim The callback to reclaim objects.
callback_data An opaque pointer passed to the callbacks.
source This parameter must be NULL.
cflags This parameter must be either 0 or UMC_NODEBUG. If
UMC_NODEBUG, all debugging features are disabled for
this cache. See umem_debug(3MALLOC).
Each cache can have up to three associated callbacks:
int constructor(void *buffer, void *callback_data, int flags);
void destructor(void *buffer, void *callback_data);
void reclaim(void *callback_data);
The callback_data argument is always equal to the value passed to
umem_cache_create(), thereby allowing a client to use the same callback
functions for multiple caches, but with customized behavior.
The reclaim callback is called when the umem function is requesting
more memory from the operating system. This callback can be used by
clients who retain objects longer than they are strictly needed (for
example, caching non-active state). A typical reclaim callback might
return to the cache ten per cent of the unneeded buffers.
The constructor and destructor callbacks enable the management of buf‐
fers with the constructed state. The constructor takes as arguments a
buffer with undefined contents, some callback data, and the flags to
use for any allocations. This callback should transform the buffer into
the constructed state.
The destructor callback takes as an argument a constructed object and
prepares it for return to the general pool of memory. The destructor
should undo any state that the constructor created. For debugging, the
destructor can also check that the buffer is in the constructed state,
to catch incorrectly freed buffers. See umem_debug(3MALLOC) for further
information on debugging support.
The umem_cache_destroy() function destroys an object cache. If the
cache has any outstanding allocations, the behavior is undefined.
Allocating Objects
The umem_cache_alloc() function takes as arguments:
cache a cache pointer
flags flags that determine the behavior if umem_cache_alloc() is
unable to fulfill the allocation request
If successful, umem_cache_alloc() returns a pointer to the beginning of
an object of bufsize length.
There are three cases to consider:
o A new buffer needed to be allocated. If the cache was cre‐
ated with a constructor, it is applied to the buffer and the
resulting object is returned.
o The object cache was able to use a previously freed buffer.
If the cache was created with a constructor, the object is
returned unchanged from when it was freed.
o The allocation of a new buffer failed. The flags argument
determines the behavior:
UMEM_DEFAULT The umem_cache_alloc() function returns NULL
if the allocation fails.
UMEM_NOFAIL The umem_cache_alloc() function cannot
return NULL. A callback is used to determine
what action occurs. See umem_alloc(3MALLOC)
for more information.
Freeing Objects
The umem_cache_free() function takes as arguments:
cache a cache pointer
buf a pointer previously returned from umem_cache_alloc(). This
argument must not be NULL.
If the cache was created with a constructor callback, the object must
be returned to the constructed state before it is freed.
Undefined behavior results if an object is freed multiple times, if an
object is modified after it is freed, or if an object is freed to a
cache other than the one from which it was allocated.
Caches with Constructors
When a constructor callback is in use, there is essentially a contract
between the cache and its clients. The cache guarantees that all
objects returned from umem_cache_alloc() will be in the constructed
state, and the client guarantees that it will return the object to the
constructed state before handing it to umem_cache_free().
RETURN VALUES
Upon failure, the umem_cache_create() function returns a null pointer.
ERRORS
The umem_cache_create() function will fail if:
EAGAIN There is not enough memory available to allocate the cache
data structure.
EINVAL The debug_name argument is NULL, the align argument is not a
power of two or is larger than the system pagesize, or the
bufsize argument is 0.
ENOMEM The libumem library could not be initialized, or the bufsize
argument is too large and its use would cause integer over‐
flow to occur.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Use a fixed-size structure with no constructor callback.
#include <umem.h>
typedef struct my_obj {
long my_data1;
} my_obj_t;
/*
* my_objs can be freed at any time. The contents of
* my_data1 is undefined at allocation time.
*/
umem_cache_t *my_obj_cache;
...
my_obj_cache = umem_cache_create("my_obj", sizeof (my_obj_t),
0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
...
my_obj_t *cur = umem_cache_alloc(my_obj_cache, UMEM_DEFAULT);
...
/* use cur */
...
umem_cache_free(my_obj_cache, cur);
...
Example 2 Use an object with a mutex.
#include <synch.h>
#include <umem.h>
typedef struct my_obj {
mutex_t my_mutex;
long my_data;
} my_obj_t;
/*
* my_objs can only be freed when my_mutex is unlocked.
*/
int
my_obj_constructor(void *buf, void *ignored, int flags)
{
my_obj_t *myobj = buf;
(void) mutex_init(&my_obj->my_mutex, USYNC_THREAD, NULL);
return (0);
}
void
my_obj_destructor(void *buf, void *ignored)
{
my_obj_t *myobj = buf;
(void) mutex_destroy(&my_obj->my_mutex);
}
umem_cache_t *my_obj_cache;
...
my_obj_cache = umem_cache_create("my_obj", sizeof (my_obj_t),
0, my_obj_constructor, my_obj_destructor, NULL, NULL,
NULL, 0);
...
my_obj_t *cur = umem_cache_alloc(my_obj_cache, UMEM_DEFAULT);
cur->my_data = 0; /* cannot assume anything about my_data */
...
umem_cache_free(my_obj_cache, cur);
...
Example 3 Use a more complex object with a mutex.
#include <assert.h>
#include <synch.h>
#include <umem.h>
typedef struct my_obj {
mutex_t my_mutex;
cond_t my_cv;
struct bar *my_barlist;
unsigned my_refcount;
} my_obj_t;
/*
* my_objs can only be freed when my_barlist == NULL,
* my_refcount == 0, there are no waiters on my_cv, and
* my_mutex is unlocked.
*/
int
my_obj_constructor(void *buf, void *ignored, int flags)
{
my_obj_t *myobj = buf;
(void) mutex_init(&my_obj->my_mutex, USYNC_THREAD, NULL);
(void) cond_init(&my_obj->my_cv, USYNC_THREAD, NULL);
myobj->my_barlist = NULL;
myobj->my_refcount = 0;
return (0);
}
void
my_obj_destructor(void *buf, void *ignored)
{
my_obj_t *myobj = buf;
assert(myobj->my_refcount == 0);
assert(myobj->my_barlist == NULL);
(void) cond_destroy(&my_obj->my_cv);
(void) mutex_destroy(&my_obj->my_mutex);
}
umem_cache_t *my_obj_cache;
...
my_obj_cache = umem_cache_create("my_obj", sizeof (my_obj_t),
0, my_obj_constructor, my_obj_destructor, NULL, NULL,
NULL, 0);
...
my_obj_t *cur = umem_cache_alloc(my_obj_cache, UMEM_DEFAULT);
...
/* use cur */
...
umem_cache_free(my_obj_cache, cur);
...
Example 4 Use objects with a subordinate buffer while reusing call‐
backs.
#include <assert.h>
#include <umem.h>
typedef struct my_obj {
char *my_buffer;
size_t my_size;
} my_obj_t;
/*
* my_size and the my_buffer pointer should never be changed
*/
int
my_obj_constructor(void *buf, void *arg, int flags)
{
size_t sz = (size_t)arg;
my_obj_t *myobj = buf;
if ((myobj->my_buffer = umem_alloc(sz, flags)) == NULL)
return (1);
my_size = sz;
return (0);
}
void
my_obj_destructor(void *buf, void *arg)
{
size_t sz = (size_t)arg;
my_obj_t *myobj = buf;
assert(sz == buf->my_size);
umem_free(myobj->my_buffer, sz);
}
...
umem_cache_t *my_obj_4k_cache;
umem_cache_t *my_obj_8k_cache;
...
my_obj_cache_4k = umem_cache_create("my_obj_4k", sizeof (my_obj_t),
0, my_obj_constructor, my_obj_destructor, NULL,
(void *)4096, NULL, 0);
my_obj_cache_8k = umem_cache_create("my_obj_8k", sizeof (my_obj_t),
0, my_obj_constructor, my_obj_destructor, NULL,
(void *)8192, NULL, 0);
...
my_obj_t *my_obj_4k = umem_cache_alloc(my_obj_4k_cache,
UMEM_DEFAULT);
my_obj_t *my_obj_8k = umem_cache_alloc(my_obj_8k_cache,
UMEM_DEFAULT);
/* no assumptions should be made about the contents
of the buffers */
...
/* make sure to return them to the correct cache */
umem_cache_free(my_obj_4k_cache, my_obj_4k);
umem_cache_free(my_obj_8k_cache, my_obj_8k);
...
See the EXAMPLES section of umem_alloc(3MALLOC) for examples involving
the UMEM_NOFAIL flag.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-Safe
SEE ALSO
setcontext(2), atexit(3C), longjmp(3C), swapcontext(3C), thr_exit(3C),
libumem(3LIB), umem_alloc(3MALLOC), umem_debug(3MALLOC), attributes(7)
Bonwick, Jeff, "The Slab Allocator: An Object-Caching Kernel Memory
Allocator", Proceedings of the Summer 1994 Usenix Conference.
Bonwick, Jeff and Jonathan Adams, "Magazines and vmem: Extending the
Slab Allocator to Many CPUs and Arbitrary Resources", Proceedings of
the Summer 2001 Usenix Conference.
WARNINGS
Any of the following can cause undefined results:
o Destroying a cache that has outstanding allocated buffers.
o Using a cache after it has been destroyed.
o Calling umem_cache_free() on the same buffer multiple times.
o Passing a NULL pointer to umem_cache_free().
o Writing past the end of a buffer.
o Reading from or writing to a buffer after it has been freed.
o Performing UMEM_NOFAIL allocations from an atexit(3C) han‐
dler.
Per-cache callbacks can be called from a variety of contexts. The use
of functions that modify the active context, such as setcontext(2),
swapcontext(3C), and thr_exit(3C), or functions that are unsafe for use
in multithreaded applications, such as longjmp(3C) and siglongjmp(3C),
result in undefined behavior.
A constructor callback that performs allocations must pass its flags
argument unchanged to umem_alloc(3MALLOC) and umem_cache_alloc(). Any
allocations made with a different flags argument results in undefined
behavior. The constructor must correctly handle the failure of any
allocations it makes.
NOTES
Object caches make the following guarantees about objects:
o If the cache has a constructor callback, it is applied to
every object before it is returned from umem_cache_alloc()
for the first time.
o If the cache has a constructor callback, an object passed to
umem_cache_free() and later returned from umem_cache_alloc()
is not modified between the two events.
o If the cache has a destructor, it is applied to all objects
before their underlying storage is returned.
No other guarantees are made. In particular, even if there are buffers
recently freed to the cache, umem_cache_alloc() can fail.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 14 May 2014
umem_cache_create(3MALLOC)