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limits.h(3head)
limits.h(3HEAD) Headers limits.h(3HEAD)
NAME
limits.h, limits - implementation-defined constants
SYNOPSIS
#include <limits.h>
DESCRIPTION
The <limits.h> header defines various symbolic names. Different cate‐
gories of names are described below.
The names represent various limits on resources that the implementation
imposes on applications. Symbolic constant names beginning with _POSIX
can be found in unistd.h(3HEAD).
Applications should not assume any particular value for a limit. An
application wishing to avail itself of the full amount of a resource
available on an implementation can make use of the value given in <lim‐
its.h> on that particular implementation by using the symbolic names
listed below. Many of the listed limits are not invariant, and at run‐
time, the value of the limit might differ from those given in this
header, for the following reasons:
o The limit is pathname-dependent.
o The limit differs between the compile and runtime machines.
For these reasons, an application can use the fpathconf(2), path‐
conf(2), and sysconf(3C) functions to determine the actual value of a
limit at runtime.
Runtime Invariant Values (Possibly Indeterminate)
A definition of one of the symbolic names in the following list is
omitted from <limits.h> on specific implementations where the corre‐
sponding value is equal to or greater than the stated minimum, but is
unspecified.
This indetermination might depend on the amount of available memory
space on a specific instance of a specific implementation. The actual
value supported by a specific instance will be provided by the
sysconf() function.
AIO_LISTIO_MAX
Maximum number of I/O operations in a single list I/O call sup‐
ported by the implementation.
AIO_MAX
Maximum number of outstanding asynchronous I/O operations supported
by the implementation.
AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX
The maximum amount by which a process can decrease its asynchronous
I/O priority level from its own scheduling priority.
ARG_MAX
Maximum length of argument to the exec(2) functions including envi‐
ronment data.
ATEXIT_MAX
Maximum number of functions that can be registered with atexit(3C).
CHILD_MAX
Maximum number of simultaneous processes per real user ID.
CLK_TCK
Number of clock ticks per second returned by the times(2) function.
DELAYTIMER_MAX
Maximum number of timer expiration overruns.
HOST_NAME_MAX
Maximum length of a host name (not including the terminating null)
as returned from the gethostname(3C) function.
IOV_MAX
Maximum number of iovec structures that one process has available
for use with read(2) or write(2).
LOGIN_NAME_MAX
Maximum length of a login name.
MQ_OPEN_MAX
The maximum number of open message queue descriptors a process is
allowed to hold.
LOGIN_NAME_MAX
Maximum length of a login name.
MQ_OPEN_MAX
The maximum number of open message queue descriptors a process is
allowed to hold.
MQ_PRIO_MAX
The maximum number of message priorities supported by the implemen‐
tation.
OPEN_MAX
Maximum number of files that one process can have open at any one
time.
PAGESIZE
Size in bytes of a page.
PAGE_SIZE
Equivalent to PAGESIZE. If either PAGESIZE or PAGE_SIZE is defined,
the other is defined with the same value.
PASS_MAX
The maximum number of significant bytes in a password, not includ‐
ing the terminating null.
PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS
Maximum number of attempts made to destroy a thread's thread-spe‐
cific data values on thread exit.
PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX
Maximum number of data keys that can be created by a process.
PTHREAD_STACK_MIN
Minimum size in bytes of thread stack storage.
PTHREAD_THREADS_MAX
Maximum number of threads that can be created per process.
RE_DUP_MAX
The number of repeated occurrences of a BRE permitted by the
regexec(3C) and regcomp(3C) functions when using the interval nota‐
tion {\(m,n\}.
RTSIG_MAX
Maximum number of realtime signals reserved for application use in
this implementation.
SEM_NSEMS_MAX
Maximum number of semaphores that a process can have.
SEM_VALUE_MAX
The maximum value a semaphore can have.
SIGQUEUE_MAX
Maximum number of queued signals that a process can send and have
pending at the receiver(s) at any time.
SS_REPL_MAX
The maximum number of replenishment operations that may be simulta‐
neously pending for a particular sporadic server scheduler.
STREAM_MAX
The number of streams that one process can have open at one time.
If defined, it has the same value as FOPEN_MAX.
SYMLOOP_MAX
Maximum number of symbolic links that can be reliably traversed in
the resolution of a pathname in the absence of a loop.
TIMER_MAX
Maximum number of timers per process supported by the implementa‐
tion.
TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX
Maximum length of the trace event name.
TRACE_NAME_MAX
Maximum length of the trace generation version string or of the
trace stream name.
TRACE_SYS_MAX
Maximum number of trace streams that may simultaneously exist in
the system.
TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX
Maximum number of user trace event type identifiers that may simul‐
taneously exist in a traced process, including the predefined user
trace event POSIX_TRACE_UNNAMED_USER_EVENT.
TTY_NAME_MAX
Maximum length of terminal device name.
TZNAME_MAX
Maximum number of bytes supported for the name of a time zone (not
of the TZ variable).
Pathname Variable Values
The values in the following list can be constants within an implementa‐
tion or can vary from one pathname to another. For example, file sys‐
tems or directories can have different characteristics. The value sup‐
ported for a specific pathname is provided by the pathconf(2) function.
FILESIZEBITS
Minimum number of bits needed to represent, as a signed integer
value, the maximum size of a regular file allowed in the specified
directory.
LINK_MAX
Maximum number of links to a single file.
MAX_CANON
Maximum number of bytes in a terminal canonical input line.
MAX_INPUT
Minimum number of bytes for which space is available in a terminal
input queue; therefore, the maximum number of bytes a conforming
application may require to be typed as input before reading them.
NAME_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a filename (not including terminating
null).
PATH_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a pathname, including the terminating
null character.
PIPE_BUF
Maximum number of bytes that is guaranteed to be atomic when writ‐
ing to a pipe.
POSIX_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN
Minimum number of bytes of storage actually allocated for any por‐
tion of a file.
POSIX_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE
Recommended increment for file transfer sizes between the
POSIX_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE and POSIX_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE values.
POSIX_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE
Maximum recommended file transfer size.
POSIX_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE
Minimum recommended file transfer size.
POSIX_REC_XFER_ALIGN
Recommended file transfer buffer alignment.
SYMLINK_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a symbolic link.
Runtime Increasable Values
The magnitude limitations in the following list are fixed by specific
implementations. An application should assume that the value supplied
by <limits.h> in a specific implementation is the minimum that pertains
whenever the application is run under that implementation. A specific
instance of a specific implementation can increase the value relative
to that supplied by <limits.h> for that implementation. The actual
value supported by a specific instance is provided by the sysconf(3C)
function.
BC_BASE_MAX Maximum obase values allowed by the bc(1) util‐
ity.
BC_DIM_MAX Maximum number of elements permitted in an array
by the bc utility.
BC_SCALE_MAX Maximum scale value allowed by the bc utility.
BC_STRING_MAX Maximum length of a string constant accepted by
the bc utility.
CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX Maximum number of bytes in a character class
name.
COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX Maximum number of weights that can be assigned to
an entry of the LC_COLLATE order keyword in the
locale definition file.
EXPR_NEST_MAX Maximum number of expressions that can be nested
within parentheses by the expr(1) utility.
EXPR_NEST_MAX Maximum number of expressions that can be nested
within parentheses by the expr utility.
LINE_MAX Unless otherwise noted, the maximum length, in
bytes, of a utility's input line (either standard
input or another file), when the utility is
described as processing text files. The length
includes room for the trailing <newline>.
NGROUPS_MAX Maximum number of simultaneous supplementary
group IDs per process.
RE_DUP_MAX Maximum number of repeated occurrences of a regu‐
lar expression permitted when using the interval
notation \{m,n\}.
Maximum Values
The symbolic constants in the following list are symbolic names for the
most restrictive value for certain features on an implementation sup‐
porting the POSIX Timers option.
_POSIX_CLOCKRES_MIN The resolution of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock, in
nanoseconds.
Minimum Values
The symbolic constants in the following list are symbolic names for the
most restrictive value for certain features on an implementation con‐
forming to various POSIX and Single UNIX Specification requirements.
See standards(7).
_POSIX_AIO_LISTIO_MAX
The number of I/O operations that can be specified in a list I/O
call.
_POSIX_AIO_MAX
The number of outstanding asynchronous I/O operations.
_POSIX_ARG_MAX
Maximum length of argument to the exec(2) functions including envi‐
ronment data.
_POSIX_CHILD_MAX
Maximum number of simultaneous processes per real user ID.
_POSIX_DELAYTIMER_MAX
The number of timer expiration overruns.
_POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX
Maximum length of a host name (not including the terminating null)
as returned from the gethostname(3C) function.
_POSIX_LINK_MAX
Maximum number of links to a single file.
_POSIX_LOGIN_NAME_MAX
The size of the storage required for a login name, in bytes,
including the terminating null.
_POSIX_MAX_CANON
Maximum number of bytes in a terminal canonical input queue.
_POSIX_MAX_INPUT
Maximum number of bytes allowed in a terminal input queue.
_POSIX_MQ_OPEN_MAX
The number of message queues that can be open for a single process.
_POSIX_MQ_PRIO_MAX
The maximum number of message priorities supported by the implemen‐
tation.
_POSIX_NAME_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a filename (not including terminating
null).
_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX
Maximum number of simultaneous supplementary group IDs per process.
_POSIX_OPEN_MAX
Maximum number of files that one process can have open at any one
time.
_POSIX_PATH_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a pathname.
_POSIX_PIPE_BUF
Maximum number of bytes that is guaranteed to be atomic when writ‐
ing to a pipe.
_POSIX_RE_DUP_MAX
The number of repeated occurrences of a BRE permitted by the
regexec() and regcomp() functions when using the interval notation
{\(m,n\}
_POSIX_RTSIG_MAX
The number of realtime signal numbers reserved for application use.
_POSIX_SEM_NSEMS_MAX
The number of semaphores that a process can have.
_POSIX_SEM_VALUE_MAX
The maximum value a semaphore can have.
_POSIX_SIGQUEUE_MAX
The number of queued signals that a process can send and have pend‐
ing at the receiver(s) at any time.
_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
The value that can be stored in an object of type ssize_t.
_POSIX_STREAM_MAX
The number of streams that one process can have open at one time.
_POSIX_SS_REPL_MAX
The number of replenishment operations that can be simultaneously
pending for a particular sporadic server scheduler.
_POSIX_SYMLINK_MAX
The number of bytes in a symbolic link.
_POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX
The number of symbolic links that can be traversed in the resolu‐
tion of a pathname in the absence of a loop.
_POSIX_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS
The number of attempts made to destroy a thread's thread-specific
data values on thread exit.
_POSIX_THREAD_KEYS_MAX
The number of data keys per process.
_POSIX_THREAD_THREADS_MAX
The number of threads per process.
_POSIX_TIMER_MAX
The per-process number of timers.
_POSIX_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX
The length in bytes of a trace event name.
_POSIX_TRACE_NAME_MAX
The length in bytes of a trace generation version string or a trace
stream name.
_POSIX_TRACE_SYS_MAX
The number of trace streams that can simultaneously exist in the
system.
_POSIX_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX
The number of user trace event type identifiers that may simultane‐
ously exist in a traced process, including the predefined user
trace event POSIX_TRACE_UNNAMED_USER_EVENT.
_POSIX_TTY_NAME_MAX
The size of the storage required for a terminal device name, in
bytes, including the terminating null.
_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX
Maximum number of bytes supported for the name of a time zone (not
of the TZ variable).
_POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX
Maximum obase values allowed by the bc utility.
_POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX
Maximum number of elements permitted in an array by the bc utility.
_POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX
Maximum scale value allowed by the bc utility.
_POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX
Maximum length of a string constant accepted by the bc utility.
_POSIX2_CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a character class name.
_POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
Maximum number of weights that can be assigned to an entry of the
LC_COLLATE order keyword in the locale definition file.
_POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX
Maximum number of expressions that can be nested within parentheses
by the expr utility.
_POSIX2_LINE_MAX
Unless otherwise noted, the maximum length, in bytes, of a util‐
ity's input line (either standard input or another file), when the
utility is described as processing text files. The length includes
room for the trailing <newline>.
_POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX
Maximum number of repeated occurrences of a regular expression per‐
mitted when using the interval notation \{m,n\}.
_XOPEN_IOV_MAX
Maximum number of iovec structures that one process has available
for use with read(2) or write(2).
_XOPEN_NAME_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a filename (not including the terminat‐
ing null).
_XOPEN_PATH_MAX
Maximum number of bytes in a pathname.
Numerical Limits
The values in the following lists shall be defined in <limits.h> and
are constant expressions suitable for use in #if preprocessing direc‐
tives. Moreover, except for CHAR_BIT, DBL_DIG, DBL_MAX, FLT_DIG,
FLT_MAX, LONG_BIT, WORD_BIT, and MB_LEN_MAX, the symbolic names are
defined as expressions of the correct type.
If the value of an object of type char is treated as a signed integer
when used in an expression, the value of CHAR_MIN is the same as that
of SCHAR_MIN and the value of CHAR_MAX is the same as that of
SCHAR_MAX. Otherwise, the value of CHAR_MIN is 0 and the value of
CHAR_MAX is the same as that of UCHAR_MAX.
CHAR_BIT Number of bits in a type char.
CHAR_MAX Maximum value of type char.
CHAR_MIN Minimum value of type char.
DBL_DIG Digits of precision of type double.
DBL_MAX Maximum decimal value of a double.
DBL_MIN Minimum decimal value of a double.
FLT_DIG Digits of precision of type float.
FLT_MAX Maximum decimal value of a float.
FLT_MIN Minimum decimal value of a float.
INT_MIN Minimum value of type int.
INT_MAX Maximum value of an int.
LLONG_MIN Minimum value of type long long.
LLONG_MAX Maximum value of type long long.
LONG_BIT Number of bits in a long.
LONG_MIN Minimum value of type long.
LONG_MAX Maximum value of a long.
MB_LEN_MAX Maximum number of bytes in a character, for any supported
locale.
SCHAR_MIN Minimum value of type signed char.
SCHAR_MAX Maximum value of type signed char.
SHRT_MIN Minimum value of type short.
SHRT_MAX Maximum value of type short.
SSIZE_MAX Maximum value of an object of type ssize_t.
TMP_MAX Minimum number of unique filename generated by tmp‐
nam(3C). Maximum number of times an application can call
tmpnam() reliably.
UCHAR_MAX Maximum value of type unsigned char.
UINT_MAX Maximum value of type unsigned.
ULLONG_MAX Maximum value of type unsigned long long.
ULONG_MAX Maximum value of type unsigned long.
USHRT_MAX Maximum value for a type unsigned short.
WORD_BIT Number of bits in a word or type int.
Other Invariant Values
The following constants are defined in <limits.h>.
CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX Maximum number of bytes in a character class
name.
LOGNAME_MAX The maximum number of bytes supported in a user's
login name.
NL_ARGMAX Maximum value of digit in calls to the printf(3C)
and scanf(3C) functions.
NL_LANGMAX Maximum number of bytes in a LANG name.
NL_MSGMAX Maximum message number.
NL_NMAX Maximum number of bytes in an N-to-1 collation
mapping.
NL_SETMAX Maximum set number.
NL_TEXTMAX Maximum number of bytes in a message string.
NZERO Default process priority.
SEE ALSO
fpathconf(2), pathconf(2), sysconf(3C), standards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 limits.h(3HEAD)