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fnmatch(3c)
Standard C Library Functions fnmatch(3C)
NAME
fnmatch - match filename or path name
SYNOPSIS
#include <fnmatch.h>
int fnmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
DESCRIPTION
The fnmatch() function matches patterns as described on the fnmatch(7)
manual page. It checks the string argument to see if it matches the
pattern argument.
The flags argument modifies the interpretation of pattern and string.
It is the bitwise inclusive OR of zero or more of the following flags
defined in the header <fnmatch.h>.
FNM_PATHNAME If set, a slash (/) character in string will be
explicitly matched by a slash in pattern; it will
not be matched by either the asterisk (*) or ques‐
tion-mark (?) special characters, nor by a bracket
([]) expression.
If not set, the slash character is treated as an
ordinary character.
FNM_FILE_NAME An alias of FNM_PATHNAME provided for a better com‐
patibility with other operating systems.
FNM_NOESCAPE If not set, a backslash character (\) in pattern
followed by any other character will match that sec‐
ond character in string. In particular, "\\" will
match a backslash in string.
If set, a backslash character will be treated as an
ordinary character.
FNM_PERIOD If set, a leading period in string will match a
period in pattern; where the location of "leading"
is indicated by the value of FNM_PATHNAME:
o If FNM_PATHNAME is set, a period is
"leading" if it is the first character in
string or if it immediately follows a
slash.
o If FNM_PATHNAME is not set, a period is
"leading" only if it is the first charac‐
ter of string.
If not set, no special restrictions are placed on
matching a period.
FNM_IGNORECASE If set, during matching, case is ignored yielding
case-insensitive matching on characters based on the
case folding defined for the current locale or, if
that does not exist, tolower() case conversions of
the current locale.
FNM_CASEFOLD An alias of FNM_IGNORECASE provided for a better
compatibility with other operating systems.
FNM_LEADING_DIR If set, matching is done with string only until all
pattern expressions in pattern argument are con‐
sumed. Any remaining characters at string starting
with slash character (/) are simply ignored and do
not affect the matching result.
RETURN VALUES
If string matches the pattern specified by pattern, then fnmatch()
returns 0. If there is no match, fnmatch() returns FNM_NOMATCH, which
is defined in the header <fnmatch.h>. If an error occurs, fnmatch()
returns another non-zero value.
USAGE
The fnmatch() function has two major uses. It could be used by an
application or utility that needs to read a directory and apply a pat‐
tern against each entry. The find(1) utility is an example of this. It
can also be used by the pax(1) utility to process its pattern operands,
or by applications that need to match strings in a similar manner.
The name fnmatch() is intended to imply filename match, rather than
pathname match. The default action of this function is to match file‐
names, rather than path names, since it gives no special significance
to the slash character. With the FNM_PATHNAME flag, fnmatch() does
match path names, but without tilde expansion, parameter expansion, or
special treatment for period at the beginning of a filename.
While the FNM_CASEFOLD, FNM_FILE_NAME, FNM_IGNORECASE, and FNM_LEAD‐
ING_DIR flags are provided and supported for a better compatibility
with some other operating systems, use of them may make your program
source code slightly less portable and portable only to the operating
systems that support the mentioned flags.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 A path name matching
The following example matches all file names under /opt/MyApp1.0/ that
end with data:
result = fnmatch("/opt/MyApp1.0/*.data", pname, FNM_PATHNAME);
Example 2 A case-insensitive file name matching
The following example matches file names pointed to by fname that has
myfile as prefix in any case combination:
result = fnmatch("myfile*", fname, FNM_IGNORECASE);
Example 3 Match all path names with a common set of parent names
The following example matches path names pointed to by pname that has a
common set of parent path names of /opt/l*/MyApps and, in doing so,
also ensures slash characters are explicitly matched:
result = fnmatch("/opt/l*/MyApps", pname, (FNM_PATHNAME | FNM_LEADING_DIR));
For instance, the above will match /opt/lib/MyApps/test/test.txt and
/opt/local/MyApps/config but not /opt/lib/locale/MyApps.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ CSIEnabled _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-
Safe _ StandardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
find(1), pax(1), glob(3C), setlocale(3C), wordexp(3C), attributes(7),
fnmatch(7), standards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 fnmatch(3C)