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rfork(2)

Forking, vforking or rforking are the only ways new processes are
created.  The argument to selects which resources of the invoking
process  (parent)  are  shared by the new process (child) or ini‐
tialized to their default values.  The resources include the open
file descriptor table (which, when shared, permits  processes  to
open  and  close files for other processes), and open files.  The
argument is the logical OR of  some  subset  of:  If  set  a  new
process is created; otherwise changes affect the current process.
If  set,  the  child process will be dissociated from the parent.
Upon exit the child will not leave a status  for  the  parent  to
collect.  See If set, the invoker's file descriptor table (see is
copied;  otherwise  the  two  processes share a single table.  If
set, the new process starts with a clean file  descriptor  table.
Is  mutually  exclusive  with If set, the new process shares file
descriptor to process leaders table with its  parent.   Only  ap‐
plies  when  neither  nor are set.  If set, the kernel will force
sharing of the entire address space,  typically  by  sharing  the
hardware  page  table  directly.  The child will thus inherit and
share all the segments the parent process owns, whether they  are
normally  shareable or not.  The stack segment is not split (both
the parent and child return on the same stack) and thus with  the
RFMEM  flag  may not generally be called directly from high level
languages including C.  May be set only with A helper function is
provided to assist with this  problem  and  will  cause  the  new
process to run on the provided stack.  See for information.  Note
that a lot of code will not run correctly in such an environment.
If  set,  the kernel will force sharing the sigacts structure be‐
tween the child and the parent.  If set, the kernel will  deliver
a  specified signal to the parent upon the child exit, instead of
default SIGCHLD.  The signal number is specified by oring the ex‐
pression into Specifying signal number 0 disables signal delivery
upon the child exit.  If set, the kernel will deliver SIGUSR1 in‐
stead of SIGCHLD upon thread exit for the  child.   This  is  in‐
tended  to mimic certain Linux clone behaviour.  File descriptors
in a shared file descriptor table are kept open until either they
are explicitly closed or all processes sharing  the  table  exit.
If  is  set,  the  value  returned  in  the parent process is the
process id of the child process; the value returned in the  child
is  zero.   Without the return value is zero.  Process id's range
from 1 to the maximum integer value.  The system call will sleep,
if necessary, until required  process  resources  are  available.
The  system  call  can be implemented as a call to but is not for
backwards compatibility.  Upon successful completion,  returns  a
value of 0 to the child process and returns the process ID of the
child process to the parent process.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is
returned  to the parent process, no child process is created, and
the global variable is set to indicate  the  error.   The  system
call  will fail and no child process will be created if: The sys‐
tem-imposed limit on the total number of processes  under  execu‐
tion  would  be exceeded.  The limit is given by the MIB variable
(The limit is actually ten less than this except  for  the  super
user).   The  user  is not the super user, and the system-imposed
limit on the total number of processes under execution by a  sin‐
gle  user would be exceeded.  The limit is given by the MIB vari‐
able The user is not the super user, and the soft resource  limit
corresponding  to  the  argument  would be exceeded (see Both the
RFFDG and the RFCFDG flags were specified.  Any flags not  listed
above  were  specified.   An invalid signal number was specified.
There is insufficient swap space for the new process.  The  func‐
tion first appeared in Plan9.






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