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chroot(2)
chroot(2) System Calls chroot(2)
NAME
chroot, fchroot - change root directory
SYNOPSIS
#include <unistd.h>
int chroot(const char *path);
int fchroot(int fildes);
DESCRIPTION
The chroot() and fchroot() functions cause a directory to become the
root directory, the starting point for path searches for path names
beginning with / (slash). The user's working directory is unaffected by
the chroot() and fchroot() functions.
The privilege {PRIV_PROC_CHROOT} must be asserted in the effective set
of the process to change the root directory. See privileges(7).
The path argument to chroot() points to a path name naming a directory
which is to become the root.
The fildes argument to fchroot() is the open file descriptor of the
directory which is to become the root. While it is always possible to
change the root directory back to the system root using the fchroot()
function, it is not guaranteed to succeed in any other case, even if
fildes is valid in all respects.
The ".." entry in the root directory is interpreted to mean the root
directory itself. Therefore, ".." cannot be used to access files out‐
side the subtree rooted at the root directory. Instead, fchroot() can
be used to reset the root to a directory that was opened before the
root directory was changed.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, 0 is returned. Otherwise, −1 is returned,
the root directory remains unchanged, and errno is set to indicate the
error.
ERRORS
The chroot() function will fail if:
EACCES Search permission is denied for a component of the path
prefix of path, or search permission is denied for the
directory referred to by path.
EFAULT The path argument points to an illegal address.
ELOOP Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating
path.
ENAMETOOLONG The length of the path argument exceeds PATH_MAX, or
the length of a path component exceeds NAME_MAX while
_POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in effect.
ENOENT The named directory does not exist or is a null path‐
name.
ENOLINK The path argument points to a remote machine and the
link to that machine is no longer active.
ENOTDIR Any component of the path name is not a directory.
The fchroot() function will fail if:
EBADF The descriptor is not valid.
EINVAL The fchroot() function attempted to change to a directory
that is not the system root and external circumstances do not
allow this.
The chroot() and fchroot() functions will fail if:
EINTR A signal was caught during the execution of the function.
EIO An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the
file system.
EPERM The {PRIV_PROC_CHROOT} privilege is not asserted in the effec‐
tive set of the calling process.
SEE ALSO
chdir(2), privileges(7), chroot(8)
WARNINGS
The only use of fchroot() that is appropriate is to change back to the
system root.
HISTORY
The chroot() and fchroot() functions have been included in all Sun and
Oracle releases of Solaris.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 17 Sep 2020 chroot(2)