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who(1)

who(1)                           User Commands                          who(1)



NAME
       who - who is on the system

SYNOPSIS
       /usr/bin/who [-a | --all] [-b | --boot] [-d | --dead]
                          [-H | --heading] [-l | --login] [--lookup] [-m]
                          [-p | --process] [-q | --count] [-r | --runlevel]
                          [-s | --short] [-t | --time]
                          [-T | -w | --mesg | --message | --writable]
                          [-u | --users] [file]


       /usr/bin/who -q | --count [-n x] [file]


       /usr/bin/who am i


       /usr/bin/who am I


       /usr/xpg4/bin/who [-abdHlmpqrtTu] [file]


       /usr/xpg4/bin/who -q [-n x] [file]


       /usr/xpg4/bin/who -s [-bdHlmpqrtu] [file]


       /usr/xpg4/bin/who am i


       /usr/xpg4/bin/who am I

DESCRIPTION
       The  who  utility  can list the user's name, terminal line, login time,
       elapsed time since activity occurred on the line, and the process-ID of
       the  command  interpreter (shell) for each current UNIX system user. It
       examines the /var/adm/utmpx file to obtain its information. If file  is
       given,  that  file (which must be in utmpx(5) format) is examined. Usu‐
       ally, file will be /var/adm/wtmpx, which contains a history of all  the
       logins since the file was last created.


       The general format for output is:

         name [state] line time [idle] [pid] [comment] [exit]



       where:

       name       User's login name


       state      Capability of writing to the terminal


       line       Name of the line found in /dev


       time       Time since user's login


       idle       Time elapsed since the user's last activity


       pid        User's process id


       comment    Comment line in inittab(5)


       exit       Exit status for dead processes


OPTIONS
       The following options are supported in /usr/bin/who:

       -a, --all               Processes /var/adm/utmpx or the named file with
                               -b, -d, -l, -p, -r,  -t,  -T,  and  -u  options
                               turned on.


       -b, --boot              Indicates the time and date of the last reboot.


       -d, --dead              Displays  all  processes  that have expired and
                               not been respawned  by  init.  The  exit  field
                               appears  for  dead  processes  and contains the
                               termination and exit  values  (as  returned  by
                               wait(3C)),  of  the  dead  process. This can be
                               useful in determining why a process terminated.


       -H, --heading           Outputs column headings above the regular  out‐
                               put.


       -l, --login             Lists  only  those lines on which the system is
                               waiting for someone to login. The name field is
                               LOGIN  in such cases. Other fields are the same
                               as for user entries except that the state field
                               does not exist.


       --lookup                Performs a lookup of the host in the configured
                               name services  to  find  the  canonical  (first
                               defined) name of the host (see NOTES).


       -m                      Outputs only information about the current ter‐
                               minal.


       -n x                    Takes a numeric argument,  x,  which  specifies
                               the number of users to display per line. x must
                               be at least 1. The -n option can only  be  used
                               with -q.


       -p, --process           Lists  any  other  process  that  is  currently
                               active and has been previously spawned by init.
                               The  name field is the name of the program exe‐
                               cuted by init as  found  in  /usr/sbin/inittab.
                               The  state, line, and idle fields have no mean‐
                               ing. The comment field shows the  id  field  of
                               the  line  from  /usr/sbin/inittab that spawned
                               this process. See inittab(5).


       -q, --count             (Quick who) Displays only  the  names  and  the
                               number  of users currently logged on. When this
                               option is used, all options other than  -n  are
                               ignored.


       -r, --runlevel          Indicates  the  current  run-level  of the init
                               process.


       -s, --short             (Default) Lists only the name, line,  and  time
                               fields.


       -T, -mesg, --message    Same  as  the  -s option, except that the state
                               idle, pid, and comment, fields are  also  writ‐
                               ten. state is one of the following characters:

                               +       The  terminal  allows  write  access to
                                       other users.


                               −       The terminal  denies  write  access  to
                                       other users.


                               ?       The  terminal write-access state cannot
                                       be determined.



       -t, --time              Indicates the last change to the  system  clock
                               (using the date utility) by root. See su(8) and
                               date(1).


       -u, --users             Lists only those users who are currently logged
                               in. The name is the user's login name. The line
                               is the name of the line as found in the  direc‐
                               tory  /dev.  The time is the time that the user
                               logged in. The idle column contains the  number
                               of   hours  and  minutes  since  activity  last
                               occurred on that particular  line.  A  dot  (.)
                               indicates  that  the terminal has seen activity
                               in the last minute and is therefore current. If
                               more than twenty-four hours have elapsed or the
                               line has not been used  since  boot  time,  the
                               entry  is marked old. This field is useful when
                               trying to determine whether a person is working
                               at the terminal or not. The pid is the process-
                               ID of the user's shell. The comment is the com‐
                               ment  field  associated with this line as found
                               in /usr/sbin/inittab (see inittab(5)). This can
                               contain information about where the terminal is
                               located, the telephone number of  the  dataset,
                               type of terminal if hard-wired, and so forth.


       -w, --writable          Same as -T option


   /usr/xpg4/bin/who
       The following options are supported in /usr/xpg4/bin/who:

       -a    Processes  /var/adm/utmpx  or the named file with -b, -d, -l, -p,
             -r, -t, -T, and -u options turned on.


       -b    Indicates the time and date of the last reboot.


       -d    Displays all processes that have expired and not  been  respawned
             by  init.  The exit field appears for dead processes and contains
             the termination and exit values (as returned by wait(3C)), of the
             dead  process.  This  can  be useful in determining why a process
             terminated.


       -H    Outputs column headings above the regular output.


       -l    Lists only those lines on which the system is waiting for someone
             to login. The name field is LOGIN in such cases. Other fields are
             the same as for user entries except that the state field does not
             exist.


       -m    Outputs only information about the current terminal.


       -p    Lists  any  other  process  that is currently active and has been
             previously spawned by init. The name field is  the  name  of  the
             program  executed  by  init  as  found  in /usr/sbin/inittab. The
             state, line, and idle fields have no meaning. The  comment  field
             shows  the  id  field  of  the  line  from /usr/sbin/inittab that
             spawned this process. See inittab(5).


       -q    (Quick who) Displays only the names and the number of users  cur‐
             rently  logged  on.  When  this option is used, all options other
             than -n are ignored.


       -r    Indicates the current run-level of the init process.


       -s    (Default) Lists only the name, line, and time fields.


       -T    Same as the -s option, except that the state field is also  writ‐
             ten. state is one of the characters listed under the /usr/bin/who
             version of this option. If the -u option is  used  with  -T,  the
             idle time is added to the end of the previous format.


       -t    Indicates  the  last  change  to the system clock (using the date
             utility) by root. See su(8) and date(1).


       -u    Lists only those users who are currently logged in. The  name  is
             the  user's login name. The line is the name of the line as found
             in the directory /dev. The time is the time that the user  logged
             in.  The  idle  column  contains  the number of hours and minutes
             since activity last occurred on that particular line. A  dot  (.)
             indicates  that the terminal has seen activity in the last minute
             and is therefore current. If more  than  twenty-four  hours  have
             elapsed  or the line has not been used since boot time, the entry
             is marked old. This field is  useful  when  trying  to  determine
             whether  a  person  is working at the terminal or not. The pid is
             the process-ID of the user's shell. The comment  is  the  comment
             field  associated  with  this  line as found in /usr/sbin/inittab
             (see inittab(5)). This can contain information  about  where  the
             terminal is located, the telephone number of the dataset, type of
             terminal if hard-wired, and so forth.


OPERANDS
       The following operands are supported:

       am i    In the C locale, limits the output to describing  the  invoking
       am I    user,  equivalent  to  the -m option. The am and i or I must be
               separate arguments.



       file    Specifies a path name of a file to substitute for the  database
               of logged-on users that who uses by default.


ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       See  environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
       that affect the execution of who: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE,  LC_MESSAGES,
       LC_TIME, and NLSPATH.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values are returned:

       0     Successful completion.


       >0    An error occurred.


FILES
       /usr/sbin/inittab    Script for init


       /var/adm/utmpx       Current user and accounting information


       /var/adm/wtmpx       Historic user and accounting information


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:

   /usr/bin/who
       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ Interface StabilityCommit‐
       ted


   /usr/xpg4/bin/who
       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/xopen/xcu4  _  Interface  Stability‐
       Committed _ StandardSee standards(7).


SEE ALSO
       date(1),    login(1),    mesg(1),   wait(3C),   inittab(5),   utmpx(5),
       attributes(7), environ(7), standards(7), init(8), su(8)

NOTES
       When the system is in the single-user state,  who  returns  no  output.
       Since  /var/adm/utmpx is updated at login time and there is no login in
       single-user state, who cannot report accurately on this state. The com‐
       mand, who am i, however, returns the correct information.


       The  --lookup  option  is used to query the configured name services to
       try to locate the so-called canonical name for the  hostname  specified
       in  the  utmpx  entry.  This will return the first name returned by the
       getaddrinfo(3C) function supplied with the AI_CANONNAME hint.



Oracle Solaris 11.4               3 Nov 2021                            who(1)
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