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who(1)
who(1) User Commands who(1)
NAME
who - who is on the system
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/who [-a | --all] [-b | --boot] [-d | --dead]
[-H | --heading] [-l | --login] [--lookup] [-m]
[-p | --process] [-q | --count] [-r | --runlevel]
[-s | --short] [-t | --time]
[-T | -w | --mesg | --message | --writable]
[-u | --users] [file]
/usr/bin/who -q | --count [-n x] [file]
/usr/bin/who am i
/usr/bin/who am I
/usr/xpg4/bin/who [-abdHlmpqrtTu] [file]
/usr/xpg4/bin/who -q [-n x] [file]
/usr/xpg4/bin/who -s [-bdHlmpqrtu] [file]
/usr/xpg4/bin/who am i
/usr/xpg4/bin/who am I
DESCRIPTION
The who utility can list the user's name, terminal line, login time,
elapsed time since activity occurred on the line, and the process-ID of
the command interpreter (shell) for each current UNIX system user. It
examines the /var/adm/utmpx file to obtain its information. If file is
given, that file (which must be in utmpx(5) format) is examined. Usu‐
ally, file will be /var/adm/wtmpx, which contains a history of all the
logins since the file was last created.
The general format for output is:
name [state] line time [idle] [pid] [comment] [exit]
where:
name User's login name
state Capability of writing to the terminal
line Name of the line found in /dev
time Time since user's login
idle Time elapsed since the user's last activity
pid User's process id
comment Comment line in inittab(5)
exit Exit status for dead processes
OPTIONS
The following options are supported in /usr/bin/who:
-a, --all Processes /var/adm/utmpx or the named file with
-b, -d, -l, -p, -r, -t, -T, and -u options
turned on.
-b, --boot Indicates the time and date of the last reboot.
-d, --dead Displays all processes that have expired and
not been respawned by init. The exit field
appears for dead processes and contains the
termination and exit values (as returned by
wait(3C)), of the dead process. This can be
useful in determining why a process terminated.
-H, --heading Outputs column headings above the regular out‐
put.
-l, --login Lists only those lines on which the system is
waiting for someone to login. The name field is
LOGIN in such cases. Other fields are the same
as for user entries except that the state field
does not exist.
--lookup Performs a lookup of the host in the configured
name services to find the canonical (first
defined) name of the host (see NOTES).
-m Outputs only information about the current ter‐
minal.
-n x Takes a numeric argument, x, which specifies
the number of users to display per line. x must
be at least 1. The -n option can only be used
with -q.
-p, --process Lists any other process that is currently
active and has been previously spawned by init.
The name field is the name of the program exe‐
cuted by init as found in /usr/sbin/inittab.
The state, line, and idle fields have no mean‐
ing. The comment field shows the id field of
the line from /usr/sbin/inittab that spawned
this process. See inittab(5).
-q, --count (Quick who) Displays only the names and the
number of users currently logged on. When this
option is used, all options other than -n are
ignored.
-r, --runlevel Indicates the current run-level of the init
process.
-s, --short (Default) Lists only the name, line, and time
fields.
-T, -mesg, --message Same as the -s option, except that the state
idle, pid, and comment, fields are also writ‐
ten. state is one of the following characters:
+ The terminal allows write access to
other users.
− The terminal denies write access to
other users.
? The terminal write-access state cannot
be determined.
-t, --time Indicates the last change to the system clock
(using the date utility) by root. See su(8) and
date(1).
-u, --users Lists only those users who are currently logged
in. The name is the user's login name. The line
is the name of the line as found in the direc‐
tory /dev. The time is the time that the user
logged in. The idle column contains the number
of hours and minutes since activity last
occurred on that particular line. A dot (.)
indicates that the terminal has seen activity
in the last minute and is therefore current. If
more than twenty-four hours have elapsed or the
line has not been used since boot time, the
entry is marked old. This field is useful when
trying to determine whether a person is working
at the terminal or not. The pid is the process-
ID of the user's shell. The comment is the com‐
ment field associated with this line as found
in /usr/sbin/inittab (see inittab(5)). This can
contain information about where the terminal is
located, the telephone number of the dataset,
type of terminal if hard-wired, and so forth.
-w, --writable Same as -T option
/usr/xpg4/bin/who
The following options are supported in /usr/xpg4/bin/who:
-a Processes /var/adm/utmpx or the named file with -b, -d, -l, -p,
-r, -t, -T, and -u options turned on.
-b Indicates the time and date of the last reboot.
-d Displays all processes that have expired and not been respawned
by init. The exit field appears for dead processes and contains
the termination and exit values (as returned by wait(3C)), of the
dead process. This can be useful in determining why a process
terminated.
-H Outputs column headings above the regular output.
-l Lists only those lines on which the system is waiting for someone
to login. The name field is LOGIN in such cases. Other fields are
the same as for user entries except that the state field does not
exist.
-m Outputs only information about the current terminal.
-p Lists any other process that is currently active and has been
previously spawned by init. The name field is the name of the
program executed by init as found in /usr/sbin/inittab. The
state, line, and idle fields have no meaning. The comment field
shows the id field of the line from /usr/sbin/inittab that
spawned this process. See inittab(5).
-q (Quick who) Displays only the names and the number of users cur‐
rently logged on. When this option is used, all options other
than -n are ignored.
-r Indicates the current run-level of the init process.
-s (Default) Lists only the name, line, and time fields.
-T Same as the -s option, except that the state field is also writ‐
ten. state is one of the characters listed under the /usr/bin/who
version of this option. If the -u option is used with -T, the
idle time is added to the end of the previous format.
-t Indicates the last change to the system clock (using the date
utility) by root. See su(8) and date(1).
-u Lists only those users who are currently logged in. The name is
the user's login name. The line is the name of the line as found
in the directory /dev. The time is the time that the user logged
in. The idle column contains the number of hours and minutes
since activity last occurred on that particular line. A dot (.)
indicates that the terminal has seen activity in the last minute
and is therefore current. If more than twenty-four hours have
elapsed or the line has not been used since boot time, the entry
is marked old. This field is useful when trying to determine
whether a person is working at the terminal or not. The pid is
the process-ID of the user's shell. The comment is the comment
field associated with this line as found in /usr/sbin/inittab
(see inittab(5)). This can contain information about where the
terminal is located, the telephone number of the dataset, type of
terminal if hard-wired, and so forth.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
am i In the C locale, limits the output to describing the invoking
am I user, equivalent to the -m option. The am and i or I must be
separate arguments.
file Specifies a path name of a file to substitute for the database
of logged-on users that who uses by default.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of who: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES,
LC_TIME, and NLSPATH.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
FILES
/usr/sbin/inittab Script for init
/var/adm/utmpx Current user and accounting information
/var/adm/wtmpx Historic user and accounting information
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
/usr/bin/who
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ Interface StabilityCommit‐
ted
/usr/xpg4/bin/who
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/xopen/xcu4 _ Interface Stability‐
Committed _ StandardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
date(1), login(1), mesg(1), wait(3C), inittab(5), utmpx(5),
attributes(7), environ(7), standards(7), init(8), su(8)
NOTES
When the system is in the single-user state, who returns no output.
Since /var/adm/utmpx is updated at login time and there is no login in
single-user state, who cannot report accurately on this state. The com‐
mand, who am i, however, returns the correct information.
The --lookup option is used to query the configured name services to
try to locate the so-called canonical name for the hostname specified
in the utmpx entry. This will return the first name returned by the
getaddrinfo(3C) function supplied with the AI_CANONNAME hint.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 3 Nov 2021 who(1)