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touch(1)
touch(1) User Commands touch(1)
NAME
touch, settime - change file access and modification times
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/touch [-acm] [-r ref_file | -t time | -d date_time] file...
/usr/bin/touch [-acm] [time_spec] file...
/usr/xpg7/bin/touch [-acm] [-r ref_file | -t time | -d date_time] file...
/usr/bin/settime [-f ref_file] [time_spec] file...
DESCRIPTION
The touch and settime utilities set the access and modification times
of each file. The touch utility creates the file operand if it does not
already exist. The settime utility does not create new files.
The time used by the touch utility can be specified by -t time, by -d
date_time, or by the corresponding time fields of the file referenced
by -r ref_file. The /usr/bin/touch utility also accepts a time_spec
operand, though this is deprecated in favor of the previously named
options. The time used by the settime utility can be specified by the
corresponding time fields of the file referenced by -f ref_file, or by
the time_spec operand. If none of these are specified, these utilities
use the current time.
If neither the -a nor -m options are specified, touch updates both the
modification and access times.
A user with write access to a file, but who is not the owner of the
file and does not have the PRIV_FILE_OWNER privilege, can change the
modification and access times of that file only to the current time.
Attempts to set a specific time results in an error.
The settime utility is equivalent to touch -c with a different syntax.
OPTIONS
touch
The following options are supported for the touch utility:
-a
Changes the access time of file. Does not change the modification
time unless -m is also specified.
-c
Does not create a specified file if it does not exist. Does not
write any diagnostic messages concerning this condition.
-d date_time
Uses the specified date_time instead of the current time. The
option-argument must be a string of the form:
YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:SS[.frac][tz]
or
YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:SS[,frac][tz]
where
o YYYY is at least four decimal digits giving the year
o MM, DD, hh, mm, and SS are as described with -t time
o T is either the letter T or a single SPACE character
o [.frac] and [,frac] are either empty, or a period (.) or
a comma (,) respectively, followed by one or more deci‐
mal digits, specifying a fractional second
o [tz] is either empty, signifying local time, or the let‐
ter Z, signifying UTC. If [tz] is empty, the resulting
time is affected by the value of the TZ environment
variable
-m
Changes the modification time of file. Does not change the access
time unless -a is also specified.
-r ref_file
Uses the corresponding times of the file named by ref_file instead
of the current time.
-t time
Uses the specified time instead of the current time. time is a dec‐
imal number of the form:
[[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]
where each two digits represent the following:
MM The month of the year [01-12].
DD The day of the month [01-31].
hh The hour of the day [00-23].
mm The minute of the hour [00-59].
CC The first two digits of the year.
YY The second two digits of the year.
SS The second of the minute [00-61].
Both CC and YY are optional. If neither is given, the current year
is assumed. If YY is specified, but CC is not, CC is derived as
follows:
tab() box; lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) If YY is:CC
becomes: _ 69-9919 00-6820
The resulting time is affected by the value of the TZ environment
variable. Times before the Epoch (January 1, 1970) are considered
invalid.
The range for SS is [00-61] rather than [00-59] because of leap
seconds. If SS is 60 or 61, and the resulting time, as affected by
the TZ environment variable, does not refer to a leap second, the
resulting time is one or two seconds after a time where SS is 59.
If SS is not given, it is assumed to be 0.
settime
The following option is supported for the settime utility:
-f ref_file
Uses the corresponding times of the file named by ref_file instead
of the current time.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported for all of the touch and settime
utilities:
file
A path name of a file whose times are to be modified.
The following operand is supported for the /usr/bin/touch and settime
utilities, but not /usr/xpg7/bin/touch:
time_spec
Uses the specified time_spec instead of the current time. This op‐
erand is a decimal number of the form:
MMDDhhmm[YY]
where each two digits represent the following:
MM The month of the year [01-12].
DD The day of the month [01-31].
hh The hour of the day [00-23].
mm The minute of the hour [00-59].
YY The second two digits of the year.
YY is optional. If it is omitted, the current year is assumed. If
YY is specified, the year is derived as follows:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) YYCorrespond‐
ing Year _ 69-991969-1999 00-682000-2068
If no -d, -r, or -t option is specified, at least two operands are
specified, and the first operand is an eight- or ten-digit decimal
integer, the first operand is assumed to be a time_spec operand.
Otherwise, the first operand is assumed to be a file operand.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of touch: LANG, LC_ALL, LANG, LC_ALL,
LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
TZ
Determine the time zone to be used for interpreting the time or
date_time option-argument or the time_spec operand.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0
The touch utility executed successfully and all requested changes
were made.
> 0
An error occurred. The touch utility returned the number of files
for which the times could not be successfully modified.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ AvailabilitySee below. _ CSIEnabled _ Interface Sta‐
bilityCommitted _ StandardSee below.
Availability
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) COMMANDPACKAGE _
/usr/bin/settimesystem/core-os _ /usr/bin/touchsystem/core-os _
/usr/xpg7/bin/touchsystem/xopen/xcu7
Standards
The /usr/bin/touch command conforms to the requirements of the XPG2
through XPG5 standards. The /usr/xpg7/bin/touch command conforms to the
requirements of the XPG6 through XPG7 standards, which do not allow the
time_spec operand and require all operands to be treated as file names
instead.
The settime utility is not specified by any standard.
For more details on these standards, see the standards(7) manual page.
SEE ALSO
stat(1), futimens(2), stat(2), attributes(7), environ(7), privi‐
leges(7), standards(7)
NOTES
The range of valid times depends on the file system on which the file
resides. For instance, the ufs(4fs) filesystem does not support times
after 03:14:07 UTC, January 19, 2038, but the tmpfs(4fs) and zfs(4fs)
file systems do. The range for the pcfs(4fs) filesystem depends on
whether or not it is mounted with the clamptime option, as described in
the mount_pcfs(8) manual page. If the filesystem supports such time‐
stamps, 32-bit programs will receive EOVERFLOW errors from the stat(2)
system call for files with any timestamp past 03:14:07 UTC, January 19,
2038. New software should be compiled 64-bit to avoid this.
Users familiar with the BSD environment find that for the touch util‐
ity, the -f option is accepted but ignored. The -f option is unneces‐
sary because touch succeeds for all files owned by the user regardless
of the permissions on the files.
HISTORY
Support for dates past the 32-bit time_t limit of 03:14:07 UTC, January
19, 2038 was added in Oracle Solaris 11.4.0 when these commands were
converted to 64-bit programs.
The /usr/xpg7/bin/touch command was added in Oracle Solaris 11.4.0.
The -d option was added to the touch command in Solaris 10 9/10 (Update
9).
The -r and -t options were added to the touch command in Solaris 2.5 to
support the XPG4 standard.
The settime command was added in Solaris 2.0.
The touch command, with support for the -a, -m, and -c options, has
been present in all Sun and Oracle releases of Solaris.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 19 Jul 2021 touch(1)