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ps(1)

ps(1)                            User Commands                           ps(1)



NAME
       ps - report process status

SYNOPSIS
       ps [-aAcdefHjlLPwWyZ] [-C cmdlist] [-g pgrplist|grouplist]
            [-h|--lgroup lgrplist] [-n namelist] [-o|--format format]...
            [-O format]... [-p|--pid proclist] [--pgid pgrplist]
            [--ppid proclist] [-s|--sid sidlist] [-t|--tty termlist]
            [-u|--user uidlist] [-U|--User uidlist]
            [--group gidlist] [-G|--Group gidlist] [-z zonelist]
            [--columns|--cols|--width columns] [--lines|--rows lines]
            [--headers] [--no-headers|--no-heading] [--human-readable]
            [--scale[=item1,item2,...]] [-?|--help]


       ps [aceglnrSuUvwx] [-t term] [--scale[=item1,item2,...]] [num]

DESCRIPTION
       The  ps  command  prints  information  about  active processes. Without
       options, ps prints information  about  processes  that  have  the  same
       effective user ID and the same controlling terminal as the invoker, and
       the output contains only the process ID, terminal  identifier,  cumula‐
       tive  execution  time, and the command name. Otherwise, the information
       that is displayed is controlled by the options.


       A number of options are provided to select the processes  to  list.  If
       any of these options are specified, the processes listed are determined
       by the inclusive OR of processes selected  by  the  specified  options.
       When  the  -A  or  -e option is specified, other options to select pro‐
       cesses by more selective criteria have no effect, and are unnecessary.


       Some options accept lists as arguments. Items in a list can  be  either
       separated  by commas or else enclosed in quotes and separated by commas
       or spaces. Repeated options are allowed. Each  option  adds  additional
       items to the list. Values for lgrplist, proclist, pgrplist, and sidlist
       must be numeric.

OPTIONS
       The following options are supported:

       -a

           List information about all processes most frequently requested: all
           those  except  session  leaders and processes not associated with a
           terminal.


       -A

           List information for all processes.


       -c

           Print information in a format that reflects scheduler properties as
           described in priocntl(1) man page. The -c option affects the output
           of the -f and -l options, as described below.


       -C cmdlist

           List information for processes for which the name of the command is
           listed  in  cmdlist. Only reports processes for which the full base
           name of the command matches the given string. It does  not  perform
           substring  matches or include path names. For more complex matching
           operations, see pgrep(1) and Example 4 below.


       -d

           List information about all processes except session leaders.


       -e

           List information about every process now running. Identical to  -A,
           above, but less portable as only -A is specified by the POSIX stan‐
           dard.


       -f

           Generate a full listing. See DISPLAY FORMATS below.


       -g pgrplist|grouplist

           The -g option provides a hybrid of the --pgid and --group  options,
           using  heuristics  to  determine  whether  the  argument  refers to
           process groups or user groups. If all argument values are  numeric,
           the  behavior  is that of --pgid, providing the traditional Solaris
           behavior of matching by process groups. If any argument value  con‐
           tains  an alphabetic character, -g instead provides the behavior of
           the --group option, for compatibility with the behavior  of  ps  on
           other platforms. Multiple instances of -g are allowed. The determi‐
           nation of which behavior to provide is made independently for  each
           instance  of the -g, and is applied to all values provided for that
           instance.


       --group=gidlist

           List information for processes whose effective group ID numbers are
           given by gidlist.


       -G gidlist, --Group=gidlist

           List  information  for  processes  whose  real group ID numbers are
           given by gidlist.


       -h lgrplist, --lgroup=lgrplist

           List information for processes homed  to  the  specified  lgrplist.
           Nothing is listed for any invalid group specified in lgrplist.


       -H

           Print  the  home  lgroup  of the process under an additional column
           header, LGRP. This column can also be  enabled  by  specifying  the
           lgrp name with the -o or -O options.


       -j

           Print  session  ID  and process group ID. These columns can also be
           enabled by specifying the pgid and sid names  with  the  -o  or  -O
           options.


       -l

           Generate a long listing. See DISPLAY FORMATS below.


       -L

           Print  information  about  each  light weight process (lwp) in each
           selected process. See DISPLAY FORMATS below.


       -n namelist

           This option is accepted for compatibility, but is ignored.


       -o format, --format=format

           Format displayed information according to the format  specification
           given  by  format.  See  DISPLAY  FORMATS.  Multiple -o or --format
           options can be specified; the format specification  is  interpreted
           as  the  space-character-separated  concatenation of all the format
           option-arguments.


       -O format

           Identify additional fields to be added, removed, or  modified  from
           the  default  output.  The  format  argument  is  the  same as that
           accepted by the -o option. See DISPLAY FORMATS. Prepend the  format
           specifier  with  a - character to remove that field rather than add
           it. In the case of a field already already present  in  the  output
           format, the new header and width take precedence.


       -p proclist, --pid=proclist

           List  information  for processes whose process ID numbers are given
           by proclist.


       --pgid=pgrplist

           List information for processes with the group leader  ID  number(s)
           given  by  pgrplist.  A  group leader is a process whose process ID
           number is identical to its process group ID number.


       --ppid=proclist

           List information for processes with the parent process ID number(s)
           given by proclist.


       -P

           Print  the  number  of the processor to which the process or lwp is
           bound, if any, under an additional column header, PSR. This  column
           can  also  be  enabled by specifying the psr name with the -o or -O
           options.


       -s sidlist, --sid=sidlist

           List information for processes whose session ID numbers are  speci‐
           fied by sidlist.


       -t term, --tty=term

           List information for processes associated with term. Terminal iden‐
           tifiers are specified as a device file name, and an identifier. For
           example, term/a, or pts/0.


       -u uidlist, --user=uidlist

           List information for processes with the effective user ID number or
           login name given by uidlist.


       -U uidlist, --User=uidlist

           List information for processes with the real  user  ID  numbers  or
           login names given by uidlist.


       -w

           The  -w  option  overrides  output  line length. Specify -w once to
           truncate lines at 132 characters of output. Specify -w two or  more
           times  to  allow unlimited line length without truncation. See DIS‐
           PLAY WIDTH.


       -W

           Reset the display column width to the default, overriding any  pre‐
           ceding  -w,  --columns,  --cols,  or  --width  options. See DISPLAY
           WIDTH.


       -y

           Alter the long listing format displayed by the -l  option  to  omit
           the obsolete F and ADDR columns, to include an RSS column to report
           the resident set size of the process in kilobytes,  and  to  modify
           the  SZ  column to display in units of kilobytes rather than pages.
           See DISPLAY FORMATS.


       -z zonelist

           List information for processes in the specified zones. Zones can be
           specified  either  by  name  or ID. This option is only useful when
           executed in the global zone.


       -Z

           Print the name of the zone with which  the  process  is  associated
           under  an  additional column header, ZONE. The ZONE column width is
           limited to 8 characters. Use ps  -eZ for a quick way to see  infor‐
           mation  about  every  process now running along with the associated
           zone name. Use


             ps -o zone,uid,pid,ppid,time,comm,...

           to see zone names wider than 8 characters.


       --columns=columns, --cols=columns, --width=columns

           Specify the number of columns, overriding the  COLUMNS  environment
           variable. See DISPLAY WIDTH.


       --headers

           Display  per-page  headers.  Page  size  is  determined as follows,
           listed in order of priority.

               1.     The last specified value of either a --lines  or  --rows
                      option on the command line.


               2.     The LINES environment variable.


               3.     If output or input is a tty, the tty height.




       --no-headers, --no-heading

           Omit the column headers from the output.


       --lines=lines, --rows=lines

           Specify the number of rows per page of output, overriding the LINES
           environment variable. See the --headers option for details.


       --human-readable

           Print memory sizes scaled to a human readable format, instead of as
           raw  numbers  of pages or kilobytes. The --human-readable option is
           equivalent to using the --scale=max,1024 option.


       --scale[=item1,item2,...]

           Print memory sizes scaled to a human readable format, instead of as
           raw numbers of pages or kilobytes. For example, 14K, 234M, 2.7G, or
           3.0T. Scaling is done by repetitively dividing the number of  bytes
           by 1024, unless otherwise specified.

           --scale  specified without arguments enables default scaled output,
           and is equivalent to --scale=max,1024.

           --scale can be specified with the following arguments.

           binary

               Scaling is done by repetitively dividing by a scale  factor  of
               1024. The use of binary scaling is indicated by the addition of
               an 'i' modifier to the suffix (Ki, Mi, Gi, ...).


           max

               Values are scaled to the largest  unit  for  which  the  result
               retains  a  non-zero  integer  part.  Up to 2 decimal places of
               fractional output may be shown.


           min

               Values are scaled to the smallest unit capable of  showing  the
               full  value  within  the  allotted space of 5 columns, and dis‐
               played without the use of fractional output.


           minwide

               Values are scaled to the smallest unit capable of  showing  the
               full  value  within  the  allotted space of 8 columns, and dis‐
               played without the use of fractional output.


           1000

               Scaling is done by repetitively dividing by a scale  factor  of
               1000.


           1024

               Scaling  is  done by repetitively dividing by a scale factor of
               1024.



       -?, --help

           Print the usage synopsis and exit without doing anything else.


   UCB options
       Previous versions of Oracle Solaris provided an alternative ps command,
       /usr/ucb/ps,  derived from BSD UNIX. The UCB version of ps is no longer
       part of Oracle Solaris. Instead, the standard ps  command  provides  an
       emulation  of UCB ps behavior when the following UCB options are speci‐
       fied. The UCB options are not prefixed with  a  hyphen  (-)  character,
       distinguishing  them  from  the  standard options described previously.
       Standard and UCB options cannot be mixed in a single ps invocation.

       a

           Includes information about processes owned by others.


       c

           Displays the command name rather than the command arguments.


       e

           Displays the environment as well as the arguments to the command.


       g

           Displays all processes. Without this option, ps only prints  inter‐
           esting  processes. Processes are deemed to be uninteresting if they
           are process group leaders. This normally eliminates top-level  com‐
           mand  interpreters and processes waiting for users to login on free
           terminals.


       l

           Displays a long listing, with fields F, PPID, CP, PRI, NI, SZ, RSS,
           and WCHAN as described below.


       n

           Produces  numerical  output for some fields. In a user listing, the
           USER field is replaced by a UID field.


       r

           Restricts output to running and runnable processes.


       S

           Displays accumulated CPU time used by this process and all  of  its
           reaped children.


       t term

           List  information for processes associated with the terminal, term.
           Terminal identifiers may be specified in  one  of  two  forms:  the
           device's  file  name  (for  example,  tty04  or term/14) or, if the
           device's file name starts with tty, just the digit identifier  (for
           example, 04).


       u

           Displays  user-oriented  output.  This  includes fields USER, %CPU,
           %MEM, SZ, RSS, and START as described below.


       U

           Obsolete. This option no longer has any effect.  It  causes  ps  to
           exit without printing the process listing.


       v

           Displays  a  version  of the output containing virtual memory. This
           includes fields SIZE, %CPU, %MEM, and RSS described below.


       w

           Uses a wide output format, that is, 132 columns rather than 80.  If
           the  option letter is repeated, that is, ww, this option uses arbi‐
           trarily wide output. This information is used to decide how much of
           long commands to print.


       x

           Includes processes with no controlling terminal.


       num

           A  process  number  may  be  given,  in  which  case  the output is
           restricted to that process. This option must be supplied last.


DISPLAY FORMATS
       Under the -L option, or when lwp-specific columns are specified for the
       -o  option,  one  line  is  printed for each lwp in the process and the
       time-reporting fields STIME and LTIME show the values for the lwp,  not
       the  process.  A  traditional single-threaded process contains only one
       lwp.


       A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not yet been waited
       for by the parent, is marked <defunct>.

   -o format
       The  -o option allows the output format to be specified under user con‐
       trol.


       The format specification must be a list of names presented as a  single
       argument,  blank- or comma-separated. Each variable has a default width
       and header. The default width can be overridden by adding a colon  fol‐
       lowed by a number but it will be ignored if it is smaller than the min‐
       imum width of that column. If a double colon is used instead and it  is
       applied  to the last column, the field will be truncated to that width.
       The default header can be overridden by appending an  equals  sign  and
       the  new text of the header. The rest of the characters in the argument
       is used as the header text. The fields specified  are  written  in  the
       order  specified on the command line, and should be arranged in columns
       in the output. The field widths are selected by the  system  to  be  at
       least  as wide as the header text (default or overridden value). If the
       header text is null, such as -o  user=, the field width is at least  as
       wide as the default header text. If all header text fields are null, no
       header line is written.


       The following names are defined by the POSIX standard:

       user

           The effective user ID of the process. This is the textual user  ID,
           if  it  can  be  obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal
           representation otherwise.


       ruser

           The real user ID of the process. This is the textual user ID, if it
           can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal represen‐
           tation otherwise.


       group

           The effective group ID of the process. This is  the  textual  group
           ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal
           representation otherwise.


       rgroup

           The real group ID of the process. This is the textual group ID,  if
           it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal repre‐
           sentation otherwise.


       pid

           The decimal value of the process ID.


       ppid

           The decimal value of the process ID of the parent process.


       pgid

           The decimal value of the process ID of the process group leader.


       pcpu

           The ratio of CPU time used recently to CPU time  available  in  the
           same  period,  expressed as a percentage. The meaning of "recently"
           in this context is unspecified. The CPU time  available  is  deter‐
           mined in an unspecified manner.


       vsz

           The total size of the process in virtual memory, in kilobytes.


       nice

           Nice value, used in priority computation. Only processes in certain
           scheduling classes have a nice value. See the nice(1) man page.


       etime

           The elapsed time since  the  process  was  started.  In  the  POSIX
           locale, has the form:

           [[dd-]hh:]mm:ss

           where


           dd    is the number of days


           hh    is the number of hours


           mm    is the number of minutes


           ss    is the number of seconds

           The  dd  field  is  a decimal integer. The hh, mm and ss fields are
           two-digit decimal integers padded on the left with zeros.


       time

           The cumulative CPU time of the process or LWP. In the POSIX locale,
           has the form:

           [dd-]hh:mm:ss

           The  dd, hh, mm, and ss fields are as described in the etime speci‐
           fier.


       tty

           The name of the controlling terminal of the process (if any) in the
           same  format used by the who(1) command. ? is printed for processes
           with no controlling terminal.


       comm

           The name of the command being executed (argv[0] value) as a string.


       args

           The command with all its arguments as a string. The Oracle  Solaris
           implementation  does  not  limit  the length of the string, but may
           truncate the displayed string as described in  DISPLAY  WIDTH.  The
           string  is the version of the argument list as it was passed to the
           command when it started. Applications cannot depend on  being  able
           to  modify  their  argument  list  and  having that modification be
           reflected in the output of ps.



       The following names are additionally recognized in the  Oracle  Solaris
       implementation:

       f

           Flags (hexadecimal and additive) associated with the process. These
           flags are available for historical purposes; no meaning  should  be
           currently ascribed to them.


       s

           The state of the process:

           O    Process is running on a processor.


           S    Sleeping: process is waiting for an event to complete.


           R    Runnable: process is on run queue.


           T    Process  is stopped, either by a job control signal or because
                it is being traced.


           W    Waiting: process is waiting for CPU usage to drop to the  CPU-
                caps enforced limits.


           Z    Zombie state: process terminated and parent not waiting.



       c

           Processor utilization for scheduling (obsolete).


       uid

           The effective user ID number of the process as a decimal integer.


       ruid

           The real user ID number of the process as a decimal integer.


       suid

           The  saved  user ID number of the process as a decimal integer. "?"
           will be displayed for any process for which ps does not have privi‐
           leges to open /proc/pid/cred.


       suser

           The  saved  user ID of the process. This is the textual user ID, if
           it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal repre‐
           sentation  otherwise.  "?"  will  be  displayed for any process for
           which ps does not have privileges to open /proc/pid/cred.


       gid

           The effective group ID number of the process as a decimal integer.


       rgid

           The real group ID number of the process as a decimal integer.


       sgid

           The saved group ID number of the process as a decimal integer.  "?"
           will be displayed for any process for which ps does not have privi‐
           leges to open /proc/pid/cred.


       sgroup

           The saved group ID of the process. This is the textual group ID, if
           it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal repre‐
           sentation otherwise. "?" will be  displayed  for  any  process  for
           which ps does not have privileges to open /proc/pid/cred.


       projid

           The project ID number of the process as a decimal integer.


       project

           The  project ID of the process as a textual value if that value can
           be obtained; otherwise, as a decimal integer.


       zoneid

           The zone ID number of the process as a decimal integer.


       zone

           The zone ID of the process as a textual value if that value can  be
           obtained; otherwise, as a decimal integer.


       sid

           The decimal value of the process ID of the session leader.


       taskid

           The task ID of the process.


       class

           The  scheduling  class of the process. See the USAGE section of the
           priocntl(1) man page for information on scheduling classes.


       pri

           The priority of the process for the scheduler used in  Solaris  2.0
           and later releases. Higher numbers mean higher priority.


       opri

           The obsolete priority of the process displayed as used in the SunOS
           4.x scheduler. Lower numbers mean higher priority.


       lwp

           The decimal value of the lwp ID. Requesting this formatting  option
           causes one line to be printed for each lwp in the process.


       lname

           The  thread  name  of the lwp ID. Requesting this formatting option
           causes one line to be printed for each lwp in the process.


       nlwp

           The number of lwps in the process.


       psr

           The number of the processor to which the process or lwp is bound.


       pset

           The ID of the processor set to which the process or lwp is bound.


       addr

           The memory address of the process. If not running with  all  privi‐
           leges, 0 will be printed.


       osz

           The  total  size  of  the  process in virtual memory, including all
           mapped files and devices, in pages. See pagesize(1).


       wchan

           The address of an event for which the process is  sleeping  (if  −,
           the  process is running). Only visible when running with all privi‐
           leges, otherwise it is 0. To determine if a  process  is  sleeping,
           check the S column.


       etimes

           The elapsed time since the process was started, in seconds.


       times

           The cumulative CPU time of the process, in seconds.


       stime

           The  starting  time  or  date of the process. If less than 24 hours
           ago, the time is printed as the hour, minute,  and  second.  If  at
           least 24 hours ago, the date is printed as month and day. If speci‐
           fied as -o stime, printed with no blanks. If  enabled  via  the  -f
           option, dates will have a space between the month and day.


       dmodel

           The data model of the process, _LP64 or _ILP32.


       rss

           The  resident  set size of the process, in kilobytes. The rss value
           reported by ps is an estimate provided by proc(5) that might under‐
           estimate  the  actual resident set size. Users who wish to get more
           accurate usage information for capacity planning should use pmap(1)
           -x instead.


       rssprivate

           The resident set size of the process, in kilobytes, of the private,
           non-shared mappings.


       rssshared

           The resident set size of the process, in kilobytes, of the non-pri‐
           vate,  shared  mappings. The sum of rssshared and rssprivate equals
           rss.


       pmem

           The ratio of the process's resident set size to the physical memory
           on the machine, expressed as a percentage.


       fname

           The base name of the process's executable file.


       ctid

           The  contract ID of the process contract the process is a member of
           as a decimal integer.


       lgrp

           The home lgroup of the process.


       env

           The initial environment of the process.


       fmri

           The SMF FMRI corresponding to the contract id.


       label

           If Solaris Trusted Extensions is in use, the label for the process,
           otherwise  the  clearance for the process. See labels(7) and clear‐
           ance(7) for more information.



       Only comm, args, lname, env, and label are  allowed  to  contain  blank
       characters;  all  others,  including  the Oracle Solaris implementation
       formats, are not. Columns in the output formats  specified  by  options
       other  than -o may contain blank characters. Use -o when parsing output
       to avoid this.


       The Oracle Solaris implementation also accepts the following aliases to
       the above specified format specifiers:


       tab() box; lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) AliasFormat Speci‐
       fier _ %cpupcpu %mempmem clearancelabel  clsclass  cmdargs  commandargs
       cputimetime  cputimestimes  egidgid  egroupgroup euseruser flagf flagsf
       lgrouplgrp ninice pgrppgid policyclass rssizerss  rszrss  sesssid  ses‐
       sionsid svgidsgid svuidsuid tnametty tttty ucmdcomm ucommcomm



       The  following  table  specifies  the  default header to be used in the
       POSIX locale corresponding to each  format  specifier  defined  by  the
       POSIX standard.


       tab()  box;  lw(2.75i)  |lw(2.75i)  lw(2.75i)  |lw(2.75i) Format Speci‐
       fierDefault Header _ argsCOMMAND  commCOMMAND  etimeELAPSED  groupGROUP
       niceNI  pcpu%CPU pgidPGID pidPID ppidPPID rgroupRGROUP ruserRUSER time‐
       TIME ttyTT userUSER vszVSZ



       The following table lists  the  Oracle  Solaris  implementation  format
       specifiers and the default header used with each.


       tab()  box;  lw(2.75i)  |lw(2.75i)  lw(2.75i)  |lw(2.75i) Format Speci‐
       fierDefault Header _ addrADDR cC classCLS ctidCTID dmodelDMODEL  envEN‐
       VIRONMENT etimesELAPSED fF fmriFMRI fnameCOMMAND gidGID labelLABEL lgr‐
       pLGRP lnameLNAME lwpLWP nlwpNLWP opriPRI oszSZ pmem%MEM priPRI project‐
       PROJECT projidPROJID psrPSR rgidRGID rssRSS ruidRUID sS sidSID sgidSGID
       sgroupSGROUP  suidSUID  suserSUSER  stimeSTIME  taskidTASKID  timesTIME
       uidUID wchanWCHAN zoneZONE zoneidZONEID



       The  default  headers are not currently localized in the Oracle Solaris
       implementation, but may be in other implementations,  including  future
       updates to Oracle Solaris. The header strings shown here will always be
       used in the C or POSIX locales, regardless of any localization in other
       locales.

   Historical Output Formats
       Prior  to the addition of the -o option, the ps command accepted a num‐
       ber of options to specify which columns to  print.  Those  options  are
       still  supported,  but  can  also be mapped to equivalent -o formats as
       follows. Column widths may differ from the listed formats.


       The historical options print slightly different time formats  than  the
       listed  format  operands.  The historical format for time only displays
       minutes and seconds in hh:mm format, while the time operand  will  dis‐
       play days, hours, minutes, and seconds if necessary. For processes that
       are at least 24 hours old, the historical format for stime has a  space
       between the month and day, while the stime operand prints an underscore
       (_) between the month and day.

       default

           pid,tty,time,fname=CMD

           If per-lwp display is enabled, the title  of  the  time  column  is
           changed to LTIME.


       -f

           Add user,ppid,c,opri,nice,stime. Replace fname=CMD with args=CMD.


       -l

           Add f,s,uid,ppid,c,opri,nice,addr,osz,wchan.

           If  output is to a tty and the ps command is run without sufficient
           privileges to retrieve kernel addresses, omit addr and wchan.

           If both -f and -l are specified, omit uid and include user.


       -c

           Add class,pri.

           Modify -f to remove c.

           Modify -l to remove c,opri,nice.


       -H

           Add lgrp.


       -j

           Add pgid,sid


       -L

           Add lwp,lname and enable per-lwp display. If -f is also  specified,
           also add nwlp.


       -P

           Add psr.


       -y

           Modify -l to remove f and addr, replace osz with vsz, and add rss.


       -Z

           Add zone:8.


DISPLAY WIDTH
       By  default,  lines  are  limited to the columns setting. If any of the
       --columns, --cols, or --width options are used, the columns setting  is
       the  value  from  the last one of those options on the command line. If
       none of those options are provided, the value of the  COLUMNS  environ‐
       ment  variable  is  used  for  the  columns  setting. If neither of the
       options or environment variable are specified, then if the output is  a
       tty,  the terminal width is used for the columns setting, otherwise the
       value of LINE_MAX is used.


       When the -w option is specified exactly once, lines are limited to  132
       characters of output.


       When  the -w option is specified two or more times, lines are unlimited
       in length. Applications and scripts which pipe  the  output  of  ps  to
       another  command should use care with this option, as some programs may
       be limited to handling only LINE_MAX characters per line.

EXAMPLES
       Example 1 Using ps -o Option to specify fields



       The command:


         example% ps -o user,pid,ppid=MOM -o args




       writes the following in the POSIX locale:


          USER  PID   MOM   COMMAND
         helene  34    12   ps -o uid,pid,ppid=MOM -o args


       Example 2 Using ps -O Option to add or modify fields



       The command:


         example% ps -u $USER -O tty:10,pcpu




       writes the following in the POSIX locale:


           PID TTY            TIME %CPU CMD
          8273 kz/term/1      0:00 0.0 ps
           850 console        0:00 0.0 tcsh
          7799 kz/term/1      0:00 0.0 tcsh


       Example 3 Using ps -O Option to suppress fields



       The command:


         example% ps -u $USER -O -tty




       writes the following in the POSIX locale:


           PID      TIME CMD
          8273      0:00 ps
           850      0:00 tcsh
          7799      0:00 tcsh


       Example 4 Using ps to display processes selected by pgrep



       The pgrep command allows more options for selecting processes than  ps,
       but  is  much  more  limited  in the information it displays about each
       process. Combining them allows using the strengths of each command.



       This command displays processes whose names match a regular expression,
       instead of the simple string match provided by ps  -C.


         example% ps -p `pgrep -d, 'gnome-.*-server'`
           PID TT          TIME CMD
          1665 ?           0:03 gnome-shell-calendar-server
          1989 ?          15:46 gnome-terminal-server



ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       See  environ(7)  man page for descriptions of the following environment
       variables that affect the execution  of  ps:  LANG,  LC_ALL,  LC_CTYPE,
       LC_MESSAGES, LC_TIME, NLSPATH, and TZ.

       COLUMNS

           Override the system-selected horizontal screen size, used to deter‐
           mine the number of text columns to display. See the description  of
           the -w option for details.


       LINES

           Override  the  system-selected vertical size, used to determine the
           number of text rows per page of output. See the description of  the
           --headers option for details.


EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values are returned:

       0     Successful completion


       >0    An error occurred


FILES
       /dev/pts/*

           list of terminal devices


       /dev/term/*

           terminal ("tty") names searcher files


       /proc/*

           process control files


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:

   /usr/bin/ps
       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ CSIEnabled (see  NOTES)  _
       Interface StabilityCommitted _ StandardPOSIX.1-2008, SUSv4, XPG7


   /usr/ucb/ps
       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitylegacy/compatibility/ucb _  Interface  Sta‐
       bilityObsolete _ StandardNone


SEE ALSO
       kill(1),  lgrpinfo(1),  nice(1), pagesize(1), pgrep(1), pmap(1), prioc‐
       ntl(1), proc(1), ptree(1), who(1), proc(5), ttysrch(5),  attributes(7),
       environ(7),  resource-controls(7),  standards(7),  zones(7),  getty(8),
       prstat(8)

NOTES
       Things can change while ps is running. The snapshot it  gives  is  true
       only  for  a split-second, and it might not be accurate by the time you
       see it. Some data printed for defunct processes is irrelevant.


       If no options to select processes are specified, ps  reports  all  pro‐
       cesses  associated  with  the controlling terminal. If there is no con‐
       trolling terminal, there is no report other than the header.


       ps  -f or ps  -o  stime might not report the  actual  start  of  a  tty
       login  session,  but  rather  an  earlier  time,  when a getty was last
       respawned on the tty line.


       On prior releases the ADDR and WCHAN fields might  have  contained  the
       kernel  memory  address  of the process and/or event it was waiting on.
       These fields are now always 0 unless requested  by  a  process  running
       with  all  privileges.  The values can still be obtained using the ::ps
       and ::thread dcmds within mdb.


       ps is CSI-enabled except for login names (usernames).


       When run in the global zone, user and group name resolutions  are  done
       using  the  global  zone's  name  services. Processes running in a non-
       global zone that are displayed by ps, have user and  group  names  that
       match with those found in the global zone's name services, but they may
       differ from the name services configured in non-global zones.


       While use of the -o option can allow for reliable parsing of ps  output
       by  scripts, programs can have more efficient access to the information
       reported via proc(5) interfaces. The following table shows which procfs
       interfaces are used to provide each ps output field.


       tab()   box;   lw(1.38i)  |lw(0.69i)  |lw(3.44i)  lw(1.38i)  |lw(0.69i)
       |lw(3.44i)  PS  FIELDPROC  FILEPROC  FIELD   _   addrpsinfopr_addr   or
       pr_lwp.pr_addr  (-L) _ argscmdline  _ cpsinfopr_lwp.pr_cpu _ classpsin‐
       fopr_lwp.pr_clname _ commcmdline  _ ctidpsinfopr_contract _ dmodelpsin‐
       fopr_dmodel    _   envenviron    _   etime,   etimespsinfopr_start   or
       pr_lwp.pr_start  (-L)  _  fpsinfopr_flag  _   fmripsinfopr_contract   _
       fnamepsinfopr_fname  _  gid,  grouppsinfopr_egid _ labelpsinfopr_zoneid
       (Trusted Extensions) _  labelclearance(without  Trusted  Extensions)  _
       lgrppsinfopr_lwp.pr_lgrp _ lnamepsinfopsinfo->pr_lwp.pr_name _ lwppsin‐
       fopr_lwp.pr_lwpid _ nicepsinfopr_lwp.pr_nice or pr_lwp.pr_clname _ nlw‐
       ppsinfopr_nlwp  +  pr_nzomb  _  opripsinfopr_lwp.pr_oldpri  _  oszpsin‐
       fopr_size _ pcpupsinfopr_pctcpu or pr_lwp.pr_pctcpu  (-L)  _  pgidpsin‐
       fopr_pgid _ pidpsinfopr_pid _ pmempsinfopr_pctmem _ ppidpsinfopr_ppid _
       pripsinfopr_lwp.pr_pri _  project,  projidpsinfopr_projid  _  psetpsin‐
       fopr_lwp.pr_bindpset  _  psrpsinfopr_lwp.pr_bindpro _ rgid, rgrouppsin‐
       fopr_gid  _  rsspsinfopr_rssize   _   rssprivatepsinfopr_rssizepriv   _
       rsssharedpsinfopr_rssize  -  pr_rssizepriv  _ ruid, ruserpsinfopr_uid _
       spsinfopr_lwp.pr_sname _ sgid, sgroupcredpr_sgid  _  sidpsinfopr_sid  _
       stimepsinfopr_start  or pr_lwp.pr_start (-L) _ suid, susercredpr_suid _
       taskidpsinfopr_taskid _ time, timespsinfopr_time or pr_lwp.pr_time (-L)
       _  ttypsinfopr_ttydev  _ uidpsinfopr_uid _ userpsinfopr_euid _ vszpsin‐
       fopr_size _ wchanpsinfopr_lwp.pr_wchan _ zone, zoneidpsinfopr_zoneid


HISTORY
       In Solaris 2.0 through 10, a separate /usr/ucb/ps command was  provided
       to  support  the  UCB  options.  In  Solaris  11.0, support for the UCB
       options was added to /usr/bin/ps, and /usr/ucb/ps was replaced  with  a
       link to /usr/bin/ps.


       Command  name  and  arguments output was limited to 80 characters until
       the introduction of /proc/pid/cmdline in Oracle Solaris 11.3.5.


       Support for the following options was first added in the listed  Oracle
       Solaris release:


       tab() box; cw(4.71i) |cw(0.79i) lw(4.71i) |lw(0.79i) OPTIONRELEASE _ T{
       -C, -w,  --cols,  --columns,  --format,  --Group,  --group,  --headers,
       --human-readable,   --lgroup,   --lines,   --no-headers,  --no-heading,
       --pgid, --pid, --ppid, --rows, --sid, --tty, --User,  --user,  --width,
       Heuristics  for  -g  T}11.4.27 _ -W11.4.12 _ -O11.4.0 _ -Z, -z10 3/05 _
       -L, -P, -y2.6 _ -A, -G, -U, -o2.5 _ T{ -a, -c, -d, -e, -f, -g, -j,  -l,
       -n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -u T}2.0



       Support  for  the  following  format  specifiers was first added in the
       listed Oracle Solaris release:


       tab() box; cw(4.71i) |cw(0.79i) lw(4.71i) |lw(0.79i) NAMERELEASE  _  T{
       %cpu,  %mem,  clearance,  cls,  cmd,  command, cputime, cputimes, egid,
       egroup, etimes, euser, flag, flags, label, ni,  pgrp,  policy,  rssize,
       rsz,  sess,  session,  sgid,  sgroup, suid, suser, svgid, svuid, times,
       tname,  tt,  ucmd,  ucomm  T}11.4.27  _   fmri11.4.12   _   rssprivate,
       rssshared11.3.24  _  env11.3.5 _ lname11.3.0 _ lgrp11.0.0 _ ctid, zone,
       zoneid10 3/05 _ pset, project, projid, taskid9 5/02 _ lwp, nwlp, psr2.6
       _ All others2.5




Oracle Solaris 11.4            21 September 2021                         ps(1)
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