svcadm(1M)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 1M 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
ps(1)
ps(1) User Commands ps(1)
NAME
ps - report process status
SYNOPSIS
ps [-aAcdefHjlLPwWyZ] [-C cmdlist] [-g pgrplist|grouplist]
[-h|--lgroup lgrplist] [-n namelist] [-o|--format format]...
[-O format]... [-p|--pid proclist] [--pgid pgrplist]
[--ppid proclist] [-s|--sid sidlist] [-t|--tty termlist]
[-u|--user uidlist] [-U|--User uidlist]
[--group gidlist] [-G|--Group gidlist] [-z zonelist]
[--columns|--cols|--width columns] [--lines|--rows lines]
[--headers] [--no-headers|--no-heading] [--human-readable]
[--scale[=item1,item2,...]] [-?|--help]
ps [aceglnrSuUvwx] [-t term] [--scale[=item1,item2,...]] [num]
DESCRIPTION
The ps command prints information about active processes. Without
options, ps prints information about processes that have the same
effective user ID and the same controlling terminal as the invoker, and
the output contains only the process ID, terminal identifier, cumula‐
tive execution time, and the command name. Otherwise, the information
that is displayed is controlled by the options.
A number of options are provided to select the processes to list. If
any of these options are specified, the processes listed are determined
by the inclusive OR of processes selected by the specified options.
When the -A or -e option is specified, other options to select pro‐
cesses by more selective criteria have no effect, and are unnecessary.
Some options accept lists as arguments. Items in a list can be either
separated by commas or else enclosed in quotes and separated by commas
or spaces. Repeated options are allowed. Each option adds additional
items to the list. Values for lgrplist, proclist, pgrplist, and sidlist
must be numeric.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-a
List information about all processes most frequently requested: all
those except session leaders and processes not associated with a
terminal.
-A
List information for all processes.
-c
Print information in a format that reflects scheduler properties as
described in priocntl(1) man page. The -c option affects the output
of the -f and -l options, as described below.
-C cmdlist
List information for processes for which the name of the command is
listed in cmdlist. Only reports processes for which the full base
name of the command matches the given string. It does not perform
substring matches or include path names. For more complex matching
operations, see pgrep(1) and Example 4 below.
-d
List information about all processes except session leaders.
-e
List information about every process now running. Identical to -A,
above, but less portable as only -A is specified by the POSIX stan‐
dard.
-f
Generate a full listing. See DISPLAY FORMATS below.
-g pgrplist|grouplist
The -g option provides a hybrid of the --pgid and --group options,
using heuristics to determine whether the argument refers to
process groups or user groups. If all argument values are numeric,
the behavior is that of --pgid, providing the traditional Solaris
behavior of matching by process groups. If any argument value con‐
tains an alphabetic character, -g instead provides the behavior of
the --group option, for compatibility with the behavior of ps on
other platforms. Multiple instances of -g are allowed. The determi‐
nation of which behavior to provide is made independently for each
instance of the -g, and is applied to all values provided for that
instance.
--group=gidlist
List information for processes whose effective group ID numbers are
given by gidlist.
-G gidlist, --Group=gidlist
List information for processes whose real group ID numbers are
given by gidlist.
-h lgrplist, --lgroup=lgrplist
List information for processes homed to the specified lgrplist.
Nothing is listed for any invalid group specified in lgrplist.
-H
Print the home lgroup of the process under an additional column
header, LGRP. This column can also be enabled by specifying the
lgrp name with the -o or -O options.
-j
Print session ID and process group ID. These columns can also be
enabled by specifying the pgid and sid names with the -o or -O
options.
-l
Generate a long listing. See DISPLAY FORMATS below.
-L
Print information about each light weight process (lwp) in each
selected process. See DISPLAY FORMATS below.
-n namelist
This option is accepted for compatibility, but is ignored.
-o format, --format=format
Format displayed information according to the format specification
given by format. See DISPLAY FORMATS. Multiple -o or --format
options can be specified; the format specification is interpreted
as the space-character-separated concatenation of all the format
option-arguments.
-O format
Identify additional fields to be added, removed, or modified from
the default output. The format argument is the same as that
accepted by the -o option. See DISPLAY FORMATS. Prepend the format
specifier with a - character to remove that field rather than add
it. In the case of a field already already present in the output
format, the new header and width take precedence.
-p proclist, --pid=proclist
List information for processes whose process ID numbers are given
by proclist.
--pgid=pgrplist
List information for processes with the group leader ID number(s)
given by pgrplist. A group leader is a process whose process ID
number is identical to its process group ID number.
--ppid=proclist
List information for processes with the parent process ID number(s)
given by proclist.
-P
Print the number of the processor to which the process or lwp is
bound, if any, under an additional column header, PSR. This column
can also be enabled by specifying the psr name with the -o or -O
options.
-s sidlist, --sid=sidlist
List information for processes whose session ID numbers are speci‐
fied by sidlist.
-t term, --tty=term
List information for processes associated with term. Terminal iden‐
tifiers are specified as a device file name, and an identifier. For
example, term/a, or pts/0.
-u uidlist, --user=uidlist
List information for processes with the effective user ID number or
login name given by uidlist.
-U uidlist, --User=uidlist
List information for processes with the real user ID numbers or
login names given by uidlist.
-w
The -w option overrides output line length. Specify -w once to
truncate lines at 132 characters of output. Specify -w two or more
times to allow unlimited line length without truncation. See DIS‐
PLAY WIDTH.
-W
Reset the display column width to the default, overriding any pre‐
ceding -w, --columns, --cols, or --width options. See DISPLAY
WIDTH.
-y
Alter the long listing format displayed by the -l option to omit
the obsolete F and ADDR columns, to include an RSS column to report
the resident set size of the process in kilobytes, and to modify
the SZ column to display in units of kilobytes rather than pages.
See DISPLAY FORMATS.
-z zonelist
List information for processes in the specified zones. Zones can be
specified either by name or ID. This option is only useful when
executed in the global zone.
-Z
Print the name of the zone with which the process is associated
under an additional column header, ZONE. The ZONE column width is
limited to 8 characters. Use ps -eZ for a quick way to see infor‐
mation about every process now running along with the associated
zone name. Use
ps -o zone,uid,pid,ppid,time,comm,...
to see zone names wider than 8 characters.
--columns=columns, --cols=columns, --width=columns
Specify the number of columns, overriding the COLUMNS environment
variable. See DISPLAY WIDTH.
--headers
Display per-page headers. Page size is determined as follows,
listed in order of priority.
1. The last specified value of either a --lines or --rows
option on the command line.
2. The LINES environment variable.
3. If output or input is a tty, the tty height.
--no-headers, --no-heading
Omit the column headers from the output.
--lines=lines, --rows=lines
Specify the number of rows per page of output, overriding the LINES
environment variable. See the --headers option for details.
--human-readable
Print memory sizes scaled to a human readable format, instead of as
raw numbers of pages or kilobytes. The --human-readable option is
equivalent to using the --scale=max,1024 option.
--scale[=item1,item2,...]
Print memory sizes scaled to a human readable format, instead of as
raw numbers of pages or kilobytes. For example, 14K, 234M, 2.7G, or
3.0T. Scaling is done by repetitively dividing the number of bytes
by 1024, unless otherwise specified.
--scale specified without arguments enables default scaled output,
and is equivalent to --scale=max,1024.
--scale can be specified with the following arguments.
binary
Scaling is done by repetitively dividing by a scale factor of
1024. The use of binary scaling is indicated by the addition of
an 'i' modifier to the suffix (Ki, Mi, Gi, ...).
max
Values are scaled to the largest unit for which the result
retains a non-zero integer part. Up to 2 decimal places of
fractional output may be shown.
min
Values are scaled to the smallest unit capable of showing the
full value within the allotted space of 5 columns, and dis‐
played without the use of fractional output.
minwide
Values are scaled to the smallest unit capable of showing the
full value within the allotted space of 8 columns, and dis‐
played without the use of fractional output.
1000
Scaling is done by repetitively dividing by a scale factor of
1000.
1024
Scaling is done by repetitively dividing by a scale factor of
1024.
-?, --help
Print the usage synopsis and exit without doing anything else.
UCB options
Previous versions of Oracle Solaris provided an alternative ps command,
/usr/ucb/ps, derived from BSD UNIX. The UCB version of ps is no longer
part of Oracle Solaris. Instead, the standard ps command provides an
emulation of UCB ps behavior when the following UCB options are speci‐
fied. The UCB options are not prefixed with a hyphen (-) character,
distinguishing them from the standard options described previously.
Standard and UCB options cannot be mixed in a single ps invocation.
a
Includes information about processes owned by others.
c
Displays the command name rather than the command arguments.
e
Displays the environment as well as the arguments to the command.
g
Displays all processes. Without this option, ps only prints inter‐
esting processes. Processes are deemed to be uninteresting if they
are process group leaders. This normally eliminates top-level com‐
mand interpreters and processes waiting for users to login on free
terminals.
l
Displays a long listing, with fields F, PPID, CP, PRI, NI, SZ, RSS,
and WCHAN as described below.
n
Produces numerical output for some fields. In a user listing, the
USER field is replaced by a UID field.
r
Restricts output to running and runnable processes.
S
Displays accumulated CPU time used by this process and all of its
reaped children.
t term
List information for processes associated with the terminal, term.
Terminal identifiers may be specified in one of two forms: the
device's file name (for example, tty04 or term/14) or, if the
device's file name starts with tty, just the digit identifier (for
example, 04).
u
Displays user-oriented output. This includes fields USER, %CPU,
%MEM, SZ, RSS, and START as described below.
U
Obsolete. This option no longer has any effect. It causes ps to
exit without printing the process listing.
v
Displays a version of the output containing virtual memory. This
includes fields SIZE, %CPU, %MEM, and RSS described below.
w
Uses a wide output format, that is, 132 columns rather than 80. If
the option letter is repeated, that is, ww, this option uses arbi‐
trarily wide output. This information is used to decide how much of
long commands to print.
x
Includes processes with no controlling terminal.
num
A process number may be given, in which case the output is
restricted to that process. This option must be supplied last.
DISPLAY FORMATS
Under the -L option, or when lwp-specific columns are specified for the
-o option, one line is printed for each lwp in the process and the
time-reporting fields STIME and LTIME show the values for the lwp, not
the process. A traditional single-threaded process contains only one
lwp.
A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not yet been waited
for by the parent, is marked <defunct>.
-o format
The -o option allows the output format to be specified under user con‐
trol.
The format specification must be a list of names presented as a single
argument, blank- or comma-separated. Each variable has a default width
and header. The default width can be overridden by adding a colon fol‐
lowed by a number but it will be ignored if it is smaller than the min‐
imum width of that column. If a double colon is used instead and it is
applied to the last column, the field will be truncated to that width.
The default header can be overridden by appending an equals sign and
the new text of the header. The rest of the characters in the argument
is used as the header text. The fields specified are written in the
order specified on the command line, and should be arranged in columns
in the output. The field widths are selected by the system to be at
least as wide as the header text (default or overridden value). If the
header text is null, such as -o user=, the field width is at least as
wide as the default header text. If all header text fields are null, no
header line is written.
The following names are defined by the POSIX standard:
user
The effective user ID of the process. This is the textual user ID,
if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal
representation otherwise.
ruser
The real user ID of the process. This is the textual user ID, if it
can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal represen‐
tation otherwise.
group
The effective group ID of the process. This is the textual group
ID, if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal
representation otherwise.
rgroup
The real group ID of the process. This is the textual group ID, if
it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal repre‐
sentation otherwise.
pid
The decimal value of the process ID.
ppid
The decimal value of the process ID of the parent process.
pgid
The decimal value of the process ID of the process group leader.
pcpu
The ratio of CPU time used recently to CPU time available in the
same period, expressed as a percentage. The meaning of "recently"
in this context is unspecified. The CPU time available is deter‐
mined in an unspecified manner.
vsz
The total size of the process in virtual memory, in kilobytes.
nice
Nice value, used in priority computation. Only processes in certain
scheduling classes have a nice value. See the nice(1) man page.
etime
The elapsed time since the process was started. In the POSIX
locale, has the form:
[[dd-]hh:]mm:ss
where
dd is the number of days
hh is the number of hours
mm is the number of minutes
ss is the number of seconds
The dd field is a decimal integer. The hh, mm and ss fields are
two-digit decimal integers padded on the left with zeros.
time
The cumulative CPU time of the process or LWP. In the POSIX locale,
has the form:
[dd-]hh:mm:ss
The dd, hh, mm, and ss fields are as described in the etime speci‐
fier.
tty
The name of the controlling terminal of the process (if any) in the
same format used by the who(1) command. ? is printed for processes
with no controlling terminal.
comm
The name of the command being executed (argv[0] value) as a string.
args
The command with all its arguments as a string. The Oracle Solaris
implementation does not limit the length of the string, but may
truncate the displayed string as described in DISPLAY WIDTH. The
string is the version of the argument list as it was passed to the
command when it started. Applications cannot depend on being able
to modify their argument list and having that modification be
reflected in the output of ps.
The following names are additionally recognized in the Oracle Solaris
implementation:
f
Flags (hexadecimal and additive) associated with the process. These
flags are available for historical purposes; no meaning should be
currently ascribed to them.
s
The state of the process:
O Process is running on a processor.
S Sleeping: process is waiting for an event to complete.
R Runnable: process is on run queue.
T Process is stopped, either by a job control signal or because
it is being traced.
W Waiting: process is waiting for CPU usage to drop to the CPU-
caps enforced limits.
Z Zombie state: process terminated and parent not waiting.
c
Processor utilization for scheduling (obsolete).
uid
The effective user ID number of the process as a decimal integer.
ruid
The real user ID number of the process as a decimal integer.
suid
The saved user ID number of the process as a decimal integer. "?"
will be displayed for any process for which ps does not have privi‐
leges to open /proc/pid/cred.
suser
The saved user ID of the process. This is the textual user ID, if
it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal repre‐
sentation otherwise. "?" will be displayed for any process for
which ps does not have privileges to open /proc/pid/cred.
gid
The effective group ID number of the process as a decimal integer.
rgid
The real group ID number of the process as a decimal integer.
sgid
The saved group ID number of the process as a decimal integer. "?"
will be displayed for any process for which ps does not have privi‐
leges to open /proc/pid/cred.
sgroup
The saved group ID of the process. This is the textual group ID, if
it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal repre‐
sentation otherwise. "?" will be displayed for any process for
which ps does not have privileges to open /proc/pid/cred.
projid
The project ID number of the process as a decimal integer.
project
The project ID of the process as a textual value if that value can
be obtained; otherwise, as a decimal integer.
zoneid
The zone ID number of the process as a decimal integer.
zone
The zone ID of the process as a textual value if that value can be
obtained; otherwise, as a decimal integer.
sid
The decimal value of the process ID of the session leader.
taskid
The task ID of the process.
class
The scheduling class of the process. See the USAGE section of the
priocntl(1) man page for information on scheduling classes.
pri
The priority of the process for the scheduler used in Solaris 2.0
and later releases. Higher numbers mean higher priority.
opri
The obsolete priority of the process displayed as used in the SunOS
4.x scheduler. Lower numbers mean higher priority.
lwp
The decimal value of the lwp ID. Requesting this formatting option
causes one line to be printed for each lwp in the process.
lname
The thread name of the lwp ID. Requesting this formatting option
causes one line to be printed for each lwp in the process.
nlwp
The number of lwps in the process.
psr
The number of the processor to which the process or lwp is bound.
pset
The ID of the processor set to which the process or lwp is bound.
addr
The memory address of the process. If not running with all privi‐
leges, 0 will be printed.
osz
The total size of the process in virtual memory, including all
mapped files and devices, in pages. See pagesize(1).
wchan
The address of an event for which the process is sleeping (if −,
the process is running). Only visible when running with all privi‐
leges, otherwise it is 0. To determine if a process is sleeping,
check the S column.
etimes
The elapsed time since the process was started, in seconds.
times
The cumulative CPU time of the process, in seconds.
stime
The starting time or date of the process. If less than 24 hours
ago, the time is printed as the hour, minute, and second. If at
least 24 hours ago, the date is printed as month and day. If speci‐
fied as -o stime, printed with no blanks. If enabled via the -f
option, dates will have a space between the month and day.
dmodel
The data model of the process, _LP64 or _ILP32.
rss
The resident set size of the process, in kilobytes. The rss value
reported by ps is an estimate provided by proc(5) that might under‐
estimate the actual resident set size. Users who wish to get more
accurate usage information for capacity planning should use pmap(1)
-x instead.
rssprivate
The resident set size of the process, in kilobytes, of the private,
non-shared mappings.
rssshared
The resident set size of the process, in kilobytes, of the non-pri‐
vate, shared mappings. The sum of rssshared and rssprivate equals
rss.
pmem
The ratio of the process's resident set size to the physical memory
on the machine, expressed as a percentage.
fname
The base name of the process's executable file.
ctid
The contract ID of the process contract the process is a member of
as a decimal integer.
lgrp
The home lgroup of the process.
env
The initial environment of the process.
fmri
The SMF FMRI corresponding to the contract id.
label
If Solaris Trusted Extensions is in use, the label for the process,
otherwise the clearance for the process. See labels(7) and clear‐
ance(7) for more information.
Only comm, args, lname, env, and label are allowed to contain blank
characters; all others, including the Oracle Solaris implementation
formats, are not. Columns in the output formats specified by options
other than -o may contain blank characters. Use -o when parsing output
to avoid this.
The Oracle Solaris implementation also accepts the following aliases to
the above specified format specifiers:
tab() box; lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) AliasFormat Speci‐
fier _ %cpupcpu %mempmem clearancelabel clsclass cmdargs commandargs
cputimetime cputimestimes egidgid egroupgroup euseruser flagf flagsf
lgrouplgrp ninice pgrppgid policyclass rssizerss rszrss sesssid ses‐
sionsid svgidsgid svuidsuid tnametty tttty ucmdcomm ucommcomm
The following table specifies the default header to be used in the
POSIX locale corresponding to each format specifier defined by the
POSIX standard.
tab() box; lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) Format Speci‐
fierDefault Header _ argsCOMMAND commCOMMAND etimeELAPSED groupGROUP
niceNI pcpu%CPU pgidPGID pidPID ppidPPID rgroupRGROUP ruserRUSER time‐
TIME ttyTT userUSER vszVSZ
The following table lists the Oracle Solaris implementation format
specifiers and the default header used with each.
tab() box; lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) Format Speci‐
fierDefault Header _ addrADDR cC classCLS ctidCTID dmodelDMODEL envEN‐
VIRONMENT etimesELAPSED fF fmriFMRI fnameCOMMAND gidGID labelLABEL lgr‐
pLGRP lnameLNAME lwpLWP nlwpNLWP opriPRI oszSZ pmem%MEM priPRI project‐
PROJECT projidPROJID psrPSR rgidRGID rssRSS ruidRUID sS sidSID sgidSGID
sgroupSGROUP suidSUID suserSUSER stimeSTIME taskidTASKID timesTIME
uidUID wchanWCHAN zoneZONE zoneidZONEID
The default headers are not currently localized in the Oracle Solaris
implementation, but may be in other implementations, including future
updates to Oracle Solaris. The header strings shown here will always be
used in the C or POSIX locales, regardless of any localization in other
locales.
Historical Output Formats
Prior to the addition of the -o option, the ps command accepted a num‐
ber of options to specify which columns to print. Those options are
still supported, but can also be mapped to equivalent -o formats as
follows. Column widths may differ from the listed formats.
The historical options print slightly different time formats than the
listed format operands. The historical format for time only displays
minutes and seconds in hh:mm format, while the time operand will dis‐
play days, hours, minutes, and seconds if necessary. For processes that
are at least 24 hours old, the historical format for stime has a space
between the month and day, while the stime operand prints an underscore
(_) between the month and day.
default
pid,tty,time,fname=CMD
If per-lwp display is enabled, the title of the time column is
changed to LTIME.
-f
Add user,ppid,c,opri,nice,stime. Replace fname=CMD with args=CMD.
-l
Add f,s,uid,ppid,c,opri,nice,addr,osz,wchan.
If output is to a tty and the ps command is run without sufficient
privileges to retrieve kernel addresses, omit addr and wchan.
If both -f and -l are specified, omit uid and include user.
-c
Add class,pri.
Modify -f to remove c.
Modify -l to remove c,opri,nice.
-H
Add lgrp.
-j
Add pgid,sid
-L
Add lwp,lname and enable per-lwp display. If -f is also specified,
also add nwlp.
-P
Add psr.
-y
Modify -l to remove f and addr, replace osz with vsz, and add rss.
-Z
Add zone:8.
DISPLAY WIDTH
By default, lines are limited to the columns setting. If any of the
--columns, --cols, or --width options are used, the columns setting is
the value from the last one of those options on the command line. If
none of those options are provided, the value of the COLUMNS environ‐
ment variable is used for the columns setting. If neither of the
options or environment variable are specified, then if the output is a
tty, the terminal width is used for the columns setting, otherwise the
value of LINE_MAX is used.
When the -w option is specified exactly once, lines are limited to 132
characters of output.
When the -w option is specified two or more times, lines are unlimited
in length. Applications and scripts which pipe the output of ps to
another command should use care with this option, as some programs may
be limited to handling only LINE_MAX characters per line.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Using ps -o Option to specify fields
The command:
example% ps -o user,pid,ppid=MOM -o args
writes the following in the POSIX locale:
USER PID MOM COMMAND
helene 34 12 ps -o uid,pid,ppid=MOM -o args
Example 2 Using ps -O Option to add or modify fields
The command:
example% ps -u $USER -O tty:10,pcpu
writes the following in the POSIX locale:
PID TTY TIME %CPU CMD
8273 kz/term/1 0:00 0.0 ps
850 console 0:00 0.0 tcsh
7799 kz/term/1 0:00 0.0 tcsh
Example 3 Using ps -O Option to suppress fields
The command:
example% ps -u $USER -O -tty
writes the following in the POSIX locale:
PID TIME CMD
8273 0:00 ps
850 0:00 tcsh
7799 0:00 tcsh
Example 4 Using ps to display processes selected by pgrep
The pgrep command allows more options for selecting processes than ps,
but is much more limited in the information it displays about each
process. Combining them allows using the strengths of each command.
This command displays processes whose names match a regular expression,
instead of the simple string match provided by ps -C.
example% ps -p `pgrep -d, 'gnome-.*-server'`
PID TT TIME CMD
1665 ? 0:03 gnome-shell-calendar-server
1989 ? 15:46 gnome-terminal-server
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) man page for descriptions of the following environment
variables that affect the execution of ps: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE,
LC_MESSAGES, LC_TIME, NLSPATH, and TZ.
COLUMNS
Override the system-selected horizontal screen size, used to deter‐
mine the number of text columns to display. See the description of
the -w option for details.
LINES
Override the system-selected vertical size, used to determine the
number of text rows per page of output. See the description of the
--headers option for details.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion
>0 An error occurred
FILES
/dev/pts/*
list of terminal devices
/dev/term/*
terminal ("tty") names searcher files
/proc/*
process control files
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
/usr/bin/ps
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ CSIEnabled (see NOTES) _
Interface StabilityCommitted _ StandardPOSIX.1-2008, SUSv4, XPG7
/usr/ucb/ps
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitylegacy/compatibility/ucb _ Interface Sta‐
bilityObsolete _ StandardNone
SEE ALSO
kill(1), lgrpinfo(1), nice(1), pagesize(1), pgrep(1), pmap(1), prioc‐
ntl(1), proc(1), ptree(1), who(1), proc(5), ttysrch(5), attributes(7),
environ(7), resource-controls(7), standards(7), zones(7), getty(8),
prstat(8)
NOTES
Things can change while ps is running. The snapshot it gives is true
only for a split-second, and it might not be accurate by the time you
see it. Some data printed for defunct processes is irrelevant.
If no options to select processes are specified, ps reports all pro‐
cesses associated with the controlling terminal. If there is no con‐
trolling terminal, there is no report other than the header.
ps -f or ps -o stime might not report the actual start of a tty
login session, but rather an earlier time, when a getty was last
respawned on the tty line.
On prior releases the ADDR and WCHAN fields might have contained the
kernel memory address of the process and/or event it was waiting on.
These fields are now always 0 unless requested by a process running
with all privileges. The values can still be obtained using the ::ps
and ::thread dcmds within mdb.
ps is CSI-enabled except for login names (usernames).
When run in the global zone, user and group name resolutions are done
using the global zone's name services. Processes running in a non-
global zone that are displayed by ps, have user and group names that
match with those found in the global zone's name services, but they may
differ from the name services configured in non-global zones.
While use of the -o option can allow for reliable parsing of ps output
by scripts, programs can have more efficient access to the information
reported via proc(5) interfaces. The following table shows which procfs
interfaces are used to provide each ps output field.
tab() box; lw(1.38i) |lw(0.69i) |lw(3.44i) lw(1.38i) |lw(0.69i)
|lw(3.44i) PS FIELDPROC FILEPROC FIELD _ addrpsinfopr_addr or
pr_lwp.pr_addr (-L) _ argscmdline _ cpsinfopr_lwp.pr_cpu _ classpsin‐
fopr_lwp.pr_clname _ commcmdline _ ctidpsinfopr_contract _ dmodelpsin‐
fopr_dmodel _ envenviron _ etime, etimespsinfopr_start or
pr_lwp.pr_start (-L) _ fpsinfopr_flag _ fmripsinfopr_contract _
fnamepsinfopr_fname _ gid, grouppsinfopr_egid _ labelpsinfopr_zoneid
(Trusted Extensions) _ labelclearance(without Trusted Extensions) _
lgrppsinfopr_lwp.pr_lgrp _ lnamepsinfopsinfo->pr_lwp.pr_name _ lwppsin‐
fopr_lwp.pr_lwpid _ nicepsinfopr_lwp.pr_nice or pr_lwp.pr_clname _ nlw‐
ppsinfopr_nlwp + pr_nzomb _ opripsinfopr_lwp.pr_oldpri _ oszpsin‐
fopr_size _ pcpupsinfopr_pctcpu or pr_lwp.pr_pctcpu (-L) _ pgidpsin‐
fopr_pgid _ pidpsinfopr_pid _ pmempsinfopr_pctmem _ ppidpsinfopr_ppid _
pripsinfopr_lwp.pr_pri _ project, projidpsinfopr_projid _ psetpsin‐
fopr_lwp.pr_bindpset _ psrpsinfopr_lwp.pr_bindpro _ rgid, rgrouppsin‐
fopr_gid _ rsspsinfopr_rssize _ rssprivatepsinfopr_rssizepriv _
rsssharedpsinfopr_rssize - pr_rssizepriv _ ruid, ruserpsinfopr_uid _
spsinfopr_lwp.pr_sname _ sgid, sgroupcredpr_sgid _ sidpsinfopr_sid _
stimepsinfopr_start or pr_lwp.pr_start (-L) _ suid, susercredpr_suid _
taskidpsinfopr_taskid _ time, timespsinfopr_time or pr_lwp.pr_time (-L)
_ ttypsinfopr_ttydev _ uidpsinfopr_uid _ userpsinfopr_euid _ vszpsin‐
fopr_size _ wchanpsinfopr_lwp.pr_wchan _ zone, zoneidpsinfopr_zoneid
HISTORY
In Solaris 2.0 through 10, a separate /usr/ucb/ps command was provided
to support the UCB options. In Solaris 11.0, support for the UCB
options was added to /usr/bin/ps, and /usr/ucb/ps was replaced with a
link to /usr/bin/ps.
Command name and arguments output was limited to 80 characters until
the introduction of /proc/pid/cmdline in Oracle Solaris 11.3.5.
Support for the following options was first added in the listed Oracle
Solaris release:
tab() box; cw(4.71i) |cw(0.79i) lw(4.71i) |lw(0.79i) OPTIONRELEASE _ T{
-C, -w, --cols, --columns, --format, --Group, --group, --headers,
--human-readable, --lgroup, --lines, --no-headers, --no-heading,
--pgid, --pid, --ppid, --rows, --sid, --tty, --User, --user, --width,
Heuristics for -g T}11.4.27 _ -W11.4.12 _ -O11.4.0 _ -Z, -z10 3/05 _
-L, -P, -y2.6 _ -A, -G, -U, -o2.5 _ T{ -a, -c, -d, -e, -f, -g, -j, -l,
-n, -p, -r, -s, -t, -u T}2.0
Support for the following format specifiers was first added in the
listed Oracle Solaris release:
tab() box; cw(4.71i) |cw(0.79i) lw(4.71i) |lw(0.79i) NAMERELEASE _ T{
%cpu, %mem, clearance, cls, cmd, command, cputime, cputimes, egid,
egroup, etimes, euser, flag, flags, label, ni, pgrp, policy, rssize,
rsz, sess, session, sgid, sgroup, suid, suser, svgid, svuid, times,
tname, tt, ucmd, ucomm T}11.4.27 _ fmri11.4.12 _ rssprivate,
rssshared11.3.24 _ env11.3.5 _ lname11.3.0 _ lgrp11.0.0 _ ctid, zone,
zoneid10 3/05 _ pset, project, projid, taskid9 5/02 _ lwp, nwlp, psr2.6
_ All others2.5
Oracle Solaris 11.4 21 September 2021 ps(1)