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proc(1)

proc(1)                          User Commands                         proc(1)



NAME
       proc,  ptools,  pflags, pcred, pldd, psig, pstack, pfiles, pwdx, pstop,
       prun, pwait, ptime, phang - proc tools

SYNOPSIS
       /usr/bin/pflags [-r] pid | core [/lwp] ...


       /usr/bin/pcred [pid | core]...


       /usr/bin/pcred [-u user/uid] [-g group/gid] [-G grouplist] pid...


       /usr/bin/pcred -l login pid...


       /usr/bin/pldd [-Fl] [pid | core]...


       /usr/bin/psig [-n] pid | core [/lwp] ...


       /usr/bin/pstack [-F] [-D options] pid | core [/lwp] ...


       /usr/bin/pfiles [-n] [pid | core]...


       /usr/bin/pwdx pid...


       /usr/bin/pstop pid[/lwp] ...


       /usr/bin/prun pid[/lwp] ...


       /usr/bin/pwait [-v] pid...


       /usr/bin/ptime [-Fm] [-p] pid...


       /usr/bin/ptime [-m]command [arg]...


       /usr/bin/phang [-v] command [arg ...]

DESCRIPTION
       The proc tools are utilities  that  exercise  features  of  /proc  (see
       proc(5)). Most of them take a list of process-ids (pid). The tools that
       do take process-ids also accept /proc/nnn as a process-id, so the shell
       expansion /proc/* can be used to specify all processes in the system.


       Some of the proc tools can also be applied to core files (see core(5)).
       The tools that apply to core files accept a list of either process  IDs
       or names of core files or both.


       Some  of  the  proc  tools can operate on individual threads. Users can
       examine only selected threads by appending /thread-id to the process-id
       or core. Multiple threads can be selected using the - and , delimiters.
       For example /1,2,7-9 examines threads 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9.


       See WARNINGS.

       pflags

           Print the /proc tracing flags, the pending and  held  signals,  and
           other  /proc  status information for each process or specified lwps
           in each process.


       pcred

           Print or set the credentials (effective, real, saved UIDs and GIDs)
           of each process.


       pldd

           List  the  dynamic  libraries  linked  into each process, including
           shared objects  explicitly  attached  using  dlopen(3C).  See  also
           ldd(1).


       psig

           List  the  signal  actions  and  handlers of each process. See sig‐
           nal.h(3HEAD). A signal is reported as "blocked", if it is masked by
           all  of  the specified LWPs. If there is no LWP specification, this
           means all LWPs in the process/core.


       pstack

           Print a stack trace for each process  or  specified  LWPs  in  each
           process.  Each frame is described by an address and a symbol/offset
           pair; if the underlying load object contains suitable DWARF  (which
           requires  compilation  with  "-g"  option)  then  the corresponding
           source code file name and line number are also displayed.

           In addition to the general options, pstack supports  the  following
           options:


           -D    Specify  DWARF related sub-options. The supported sub-options
                 are:


                 absolutepaths    Display source  code  file  names  by  using
                                  absolute paths.


                 frames=n         Annotate only the first n frames.






       pfiles

           Report fstat(2) and fcntl(2) information for all open files in each
           process. For network endpoints, the local (and peer  if  connected)
           address information is also provided. For sockets, the socket type,
           socket options and send and receive buffer sizes are also provided.
           In  addition,  a path to the file is reported if the information is
           available from /proc/pid/path. This is  not  necessarily  the  same
           name used to open the file. See proc(5) for more information.


       pwdx

           Print the current working directory of each process.


       pstop

           Stop each process or the specified lwps (PR_REQUESTED stop).


       prun

           Set  running  each  process  or  the specified lwps (the inverse of
           pstop).


       pwait

           Wait for all of the specified processes to terminate.


       ptime

           Time the command, like time(1), but using microstate accounting for
           reproducible precision. Unlike time(1), children of the command are
           not timed.

           If the -p  pid version is used, display a snapshot of  timing  sta‐
           tistics for the specified pid.


       phang

           Execute  a  command,  but stops it before it has executed its first
           user-level instruction, in preparation for attachment by  a  debug‐
           ger.


OPTIONS
       The following general options are supported:

       -F

           Force.  Grabs  the  target process even if another process has con‐
           trol.


       -n

           (psig and pfiles only) Sets non-verbose mode. psig displays  signal
           handler  addresses  rather than names. pfiles does not display ver‐
           bose information for each file descriptor. Instead,  pfiles  limits
           its  output  to  the  information  that  would  be retrieved if the
           process applied fstat(2) to each of its file descriptors.


       -r

           (pflags only) If the process is stopped, displays its machine  reg‐
           isters.


       -v

           (pwait and phang only) Sets verbose mode.

           pwait    Reports terminations to standard output.


           phang    Prints the new process-id on standard output.



       -?
       --help

           Print usage message and immediately exit.




       In  addition  to  the  general  options,  pcred  supports the following
       options:

       -g group/gid

           Sets the real, effective, and saved group ids (GIDs) of the  target
           processes to the specified value.


       -G grouplist

           Sets  the supplementary GIDs of the target process to the specified
           list of groups. The supplementary groups should be specified  as  a
           comma-separated  list  of group names ids. An empty list clears the
           supplementary group list of the target processes.


       -l login

           Sets the real, effective, and saved UIDs of the target processes to
           the UID of the specified login. Sets the real, effective, and saved
           GIDs of the target processes to the GID  of  the  specified  login.
           Sets  the supplementary group list to the supplementary groups list
           of the specified login.


       -u user/uid

           Sets the real, effective, and saved user ids (UIDs) of  the  target
           processes to the specified value.



       In addition to the general options, pldd supports the following option:

       -l

           Shows unresolved dynamic linker map names.



       In  addition  to  the  general  options,  ptime  supports the following
       options:

       -m

           Display the full set of microstate accounting statistics.

           The displayed fields are as follows:

           real    Wall clock time.


           user    User level CPU time.


           sys     System call CPU time.


           trap    Other system trap CPU time.


           tflt    Text page fault sleep time.


           dflt    Data page fault sleep time.


           kflt    Kernel page fault sleep time.


           lock    User lock wait sleep time.


           slp     All other sleep time.


           lat     CPU latency (wait) time.


           stop    Stopped time.



       -p pid

           Displays a snapshot of timing statistics for the specified pid.



       To set the credentials of another process, a process must  have  suffi‐
       cient  privilege  to  change  its user and group ids to those specified
       according to the rules laid out in setuid(2) and it  must  have  suffi‐
       cient privilege to control the target process.

USAGE
       These  proc tools stop their target processes while inspecting them and
       reporting the results: pfiles, pldd, and pstack. A process can do noth‐
       ing  while  it  is  stopped.  Thus,  for  example,  if  the X server is
       inspected by one of these proc tools running in a window  under  the  X
       server's control, the whole window system can become deadlocked because
       the proc tool would be attempting to print its results to a window that
       cannot  be  refreshed.  Logging in from another system using ssh(1) and
       killing the offending proc tool would clear up  the  deadlock  in  this
       case.


       See WARNINGS.


       Caution  should  be exercised when using the -F flag. Imposing two con‐
       trolling processes on one victim process can lead to chaos.  Safety  is
       assured  only if the primary controlling process, typically a debugger,
       has stopped the victim process and the primary controlling  process  is
       doing  nothing  at  the moment of application of the proc tool in ques‐
       tion.


       Some of the proc tools can also be applied to core files, as  shown  by
       the  synopsis above. A core file is a snapshot of a process's state and
       is produced by the kernel prior to terminating a process with a  signal
       or  by  the gcore(1) utility. Some of the proc tools can need to derive
       the name of the executable corresponding to the  process  which  dumped
       core  or  the  names  of  shared libraries associated with the process.
       These files are needed, for example, to provide symbol  table  informa‐
       tion  for  pstack(1).  If the proc tool in question is unable to locate
       the needed executable or shared library,  some  symbol  information  is
       unavailable  for  display. Similarly, if a core file from one operating
       system release is examined on a different operating system release, the
       runtime link-editor debugging interface (librtld_db) cannot be initial‐
       ized. In this case, symbol information  for  shared  libraries  is  not
       available.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values are returned:

       0           Successful operation.


       non-zero    An error has occurred.


FILES
       /proc/*    process files


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:


       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _  Availabilitysystem/core-os  _  Interface  StabilitySee
       below.



       The human readable output is Uncommitted. The options are Committed.

SEE ALSO
       gcore(1),  ldd(1),  pargs(1),  pgrep(1),  pkill(1), plimit(1), pmap(1),
       ppgsz(1),  preap(1),  ps(1),  ptree(1),  pwd(1),   rlogin(1),   ssh(1),
       time(1),  truss(1),  wait(1),  fcntl(2),  fstat(2), setuid(2), sigproc‐
       mask(2), dlopen(3C),  signal.h(3HEAD),  core(5),  proc(5),  process(5),
       attributes(7), zones(7)

WARNINGS
       The  following  proc tools stop their target processes while inspecting
       them and reporting the results: pfiles, pldd, and pstack. However, even
       if pstack operates on an individual thread, it stops the whole process.
       The whole purpose of phang is to stop the created process. This is only
       useful as a prelude to attaching to the process from a debugger running
       elsewhere.


       A process or thread can do nothing while  it  is  stopped.  Stopping  a
       heavily  used process or thread in a production environment, even for a
       short amount of time, can cause severe bottlenecks and  even  hangs  of
       these  processes  or  threads, causing them to be unavailable to users.
       Some databases could also terminate abnormally. Thus,  for  example,  a
       database  server  under  heavy load could hang when one of the database
       processes or threads is traced using the above  mentioned  proc  tools.
       Because  of  this,  stopping  a  UNIX process or thread in a production
       environment should be avoided.


       A process or thread being stopped by these tools can be  identified  by
       issuing  /usr/bin/ps   -eflL  and  looking for "T" in the first column.
       Notice that certain processes, for example "sched", can  show  the  "T"
       status by default most of the time.


       The  process ID returned for locked files on network file systems might
       not be meaningful.



Oracle Solaris 11.4            18 Deptember 2021                       proc(1)
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