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expr(1)

expr(1)                          User Commands                         expr(1)



NAME
       expr - evaluate arguments as an expression

SYNOPSIS
       /usr/bin/expr argument...


       /usr/xpg4/bin/expr argument...


       /usr/xpg6/bin/expr argument...

DESCRIPTION
   /usr/bin/expr, /usr/xpg4/bin/expr
       The  expr  utility  evaluates  the  expression and writes the result to
       standard output. The character 0 is written to indicate  a  zero  value
       and nothing is written to indicate a null string.

   /usr/xpg6/bin/expr
       The  expr  utility  evaluates  the  expression and writes the result to
       standard output followed by a NEWLINE. If there is no result from  expr
       processing, a NEWLINE is written to standard output.

OPERANDS
       The  argument  operand  is  evaluated  as  an  expression. Terms of the
       expression must be separated by blanks. Characters special to the shell
       must be escaped (see sh(1)). Strings containing blanks or other special
       characters should be quoted. The length of the expression is limited to
       LINE_MAX (2048 characters).


       The  operators  and  keywords are listed below. The list is in order of
       increasing precedence, with equal precedence operators  grouped  within
       {} symbols. All of the operators are left-associative.

       expr | expr

           Returns  the evaluation of the first expr if it is neither NULL nor
           0; otherwise, returns the evaluation of the second expr  if  it  is
           not NULL; otherwise, 0.


       expr & expr

           Returns  the  first  expr  if  neither expr is NULL or 0, otherwise
           returns 0.


       expr { =, >, >=, <, <=, != } expr

           Returns the result of an integer comparison if both  arguments  are
           integers, otherwise returns the result of a string comparison using
           the locale-specific coalition sequence. The result of each compari‐
           son  is 1 if the specified relationship is TRUE, 0 if the relation‐
           ship is FALSE.


       expr { +, − } expr

           Addition or subtraction of integer-valued arguments.


       expr { *, /, % } expr

           Multiplication, division, or remainder of the integer-valued  argu‐
           ments.


       expr : expr

           The  matching  operator  : (colon) compares the first argument with
           the second argument, which must be an internationalized basic regu‐
           lar  expression (BRE), except that all patterns are anchored to the
           beginning of the string. That is, only sequences  starting  at  the
           first  character of a string are matched by the regular expression.
           See regex(7) and NOTES. Normally, the /usr/bin/expr matching opera‐
           tor  returns the number of bytes matched and the /usr/xpg4/bin/expr
           matching operator returns the number of characters  matched  (0  on
           failure).  If  the  second  argument contains at least one BRE sub-
           expression [\(...\)], the matching operator returns the string cor‐
           responding to \1.


       integer

           An  argument  consisting only of an (optional) unary minus followed
           by digits.


       string

           A string argument that cannot be identified as an integer  argument
           or as one of the expression operator symbols.



       The following four operators: index, length, match, and substr, are all
       at the same precedence:

       index string character-list

           Report the first byte in string (counting from one)  where  a  byte
           from  character-list  matches  a  byte  from string. If no bytes in
           character-list appear in string, a 0 is returned.


       length string

           Return the length (that is, the number of  bytes)  of  string.  The
           terminating nul character is not included in that count.


       match string regular-expression

           Synonymous with the expr : expr matching operator.


       substr string integer-1 integer-2

           Extract  the  sequence  of  bytes  from  string (counting from one)
           starting at position integer-1 and of length  integer-2  bytes.  If
           integer-1  has  a value greater than the number of bytes in string,
           expr returns a null string. If you try to extract more  bytes  than
           there  are  in  string,  expr  returns all the remaining bytes from
           string. Results are unspecified if either integer-1 or integer-2 is
           a negative value.


EXAMPLES
       Example 1 Adding an integer to a shell variable



       Add 1 to the shell variable a:


         example$ a=`expr $a + 1`


       Example 2 Returning a path name segment



       The  following example emulates basename(1), returning the last segment
       of the path name $a. For $a equal to either /usr/abc/file or just file,
       the  example  returns file. (Watch out for / alone as an argument: expr
       takes it as the division operator. See NOTES below.)


         example$ expr $a : '.*/\(.*\)' \| $a


       Example 3 Using // characters to simplify the expression



       Here is a better version of the previous example. The addition  of  the
       //  characters eliminates any ambiguity about the division operator and
       simplifies the whole expression.


         example$ expr //$a : '.*/\(.*\)'


   /usr/bin/expr
       Example 4 Returning the number of bytes in a variable


         example$ expr "$VAR" : '.*'


   /usr/xpg4/bin/expr
       Example 5 Returning the number of characters in a variable


         example$ expr "$VAR" : '.*'


ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment  variables
       that  affect the execution of expr: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE,
       LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.

EXIT STATUS
       As a side effect of expression evaluation, expr returns  the  following
       exit values:

       0      If the expression is neither NULL nor 0.


       1      If the expression is either NULL or 0.


       2      For invalid expressions.


       > 2    An error occurred.


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:


       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ CSIEnabled. See Notes.   _
       Interface StabilitySee below.  _ StandardSee standards(7).



       The  match, substr, length, and index operators are Uncommitted. Every‐
       thing else is Committed.

SEE ALSO
       basename(1), echo(1),  ed(1),  sh(1),  intro(3),  attributes(7),  envi‐
       ron(7), regex(7), standards(7)

DIAGNOSTICS
       syntax error            Operator and operand errors.


       non-numeric argument    Arithmetic is attempted on such a string.


NOTES
   Operators Not CSI-Enabled
       The  following  three  operators are not CSI enabled. They are also not
       available in /usr/xpg4/bin/expr and /usr/xpg6/bin/expr:



         index string character-list

         length string

         substr string integer-1 integer-2



       After argument processing by the shell, expr cannot tell the difference
       between  an operator and an operand except by the value. If $a is an =,
       the command:

         example$ expr $a = '='



       looks like:

         example$ expr = = =



       as the arguments are passed to expr (and they are all taken  as  the  =
       operator). The following works:

         example$ expr X$a = X=


   Regular Expressions
       Unlike  some previous versions, expr uses Internationalized Basic Regu‐
       lar Expressions for all system-provided locales. Internationalized Reg‐
       ular Expressions are explained on the regex(7) manual page.

   Operator Precedence Order in Other Versions
       In previous releases of Solaris, there was a /usr/ucb/expr command that
       had a  different  operator  precedence  order  than  the  expr  command
       described  here. Also, the /usr/gnu/bin/expr command has its own unique
       operator precedence order.



Oracle Solaris 11.4               6 Jul 2020                           expr(1)
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