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as(1)
as(1) User Commands as(1)
NAME
as - assembler
SYNOPSIS
SPARC
as [ -hwcap={1|0} ] [ -L ] [ -m ] [ -m32 ] [ -m64 ]
[ -n ] [ -o outfile ] [ -ul ] [ -P ]
[ -Dname ] [ -Dname=def ] [ -Ipath ]
[ -Uname.... ] [ -Q[y|n] ] [ -s ]
[ -S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L]] [ -V ] [ -xarch=v ]
[ -xF ] [ -Y[m|c],path ] [ -YI,path ] filename...
x86
as [ -a32 ] [ -m ] [ -m32 ] [ -m64 ] [ -n ]
[ -H ] [ -nH ] [ -o outfile ]
[ -P ] [ -Dname ] [ -Dname=def ] [ -Ipath ]
[ -remove_empty_sect ]
[ -Uname.... ]
[ -KPIC ] [ -Q[y|n] ] [ -s ] [ -S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L]] [ -V ]
[ -xchip=v ] [ -xmodel=[a] ]
[ -Y[m|d],path ] [ -YI,path ] filename...
DESCRIPTION
The as command creates object files from assembly language source
files.
OPTIONS
This section is divided into three:
o Common Options (options common to both SPARC and x86)
o SPARC Options
o x86 Options
Common Options
-Dname
-Dname=def
When the -P option is in effect, these options are passed to the
cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the as command; oth‐
erwise, they are ignored.
-I path
When the -P option is in effect, this option is passed to the
cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the as command; oth‐
erwise, it is ignored.
-i
Instructs as to ignore line-number information from the preproces‐
sor.
-m
Run the m4(1) macro processor on the input to the assembler.
-m32|-m64
Generate 32-bit or 64-bit ELF format object code.
-n
Suppress all the warnings while assembling.
-o outfile
Put the output of the assembly in outfile. By default, the output
file name is formed by removing the .s suffix, if there is one,
from the input file name and appending an .o suffix.
-P
Run cpp(1), the C preprocessor, on the files being assembled. The
preprocessor is run separately on each input file, not on their
con- catenation. The preprocessor output is passed to the assem‐
bler.
-Q[y|n]
If the y option is specified, it produces the "assembler version"
information in the comment section of the output object file. If
the n option is specified, the information is suppressed.
-S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L]
Produces a disassembly of the emitted code to the standard output.
Adding each of the following characters to the -S option produces:
a Disassembling with address
b Disassembling with .bof
c Disassembling with comments
l Disassembling with line numbers.
Capital letters switch the corresponding option off. The default is
-Sc.
-s
Place all stabs in the .stabs section. By default, stabs are placed
in stabs.excl sections, which are stripped out by the static
linker, ld(1), during final execution. When the -s option is used,
stabs remain in the final executable because .stab sections are not
stripped by the static linker.
-Uname
When the -P option is in effect, this option is passed to the
cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the as command; oth‐
erwise, it is ignored.
-Ym,path
Specify path to the version of m4 to use.
-YI,path
Indicate path to search for #include header files.
SPARC Options
-hwcap={1|0}
Enable (1) or suppress (0) the generation of the Hardware Capabili‐
ties section. Default is to generate the section.
-L
Save all symbols, including temporary labels that are normally dis‐
carded to save space, in the ELF symbol table.
-ul
Treat all undefined symbols as local.
-Yc,path
Specify path to the version of cpp to use.
-xarch=sparc
Enables the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-
V9 architecture. The resulting object code is in ELF32 format when
compiled with -m32, ELF64 format with -m64. It will not execute on
a Oracle Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 processor). It will
execute on a Oracle Solaris V8+ system.
-xarch=sparcvis
Enables the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-
V9 architecture plus the instructions in the Visual Instruction Set
(VIS) version 1.0. The resulting object code is in V8+ ELF32 format
when compiled with -m32, ELF64 format with -m64. It will not exe‐
cute on a Oracle Solaris system with a V8 processor. It will exe‐
cute on a Oracle Solaris system with a V8+ processor.
-xarch=sparcvis2
Enables the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-
V9 architecture, plus the instructions in the Visual Instruction
Set (VIS) version 2.0, with UltraSPARC-III extensions. The result‐
ing object code is in V8+ ELF32 format when compiled with -m32,
ELF64 format with -m64.
-xarch=sparcvis3
Accept instructions defined for the SPARC VIS version 3 of the
SPARC-V9 ISA which are instructions from the SPARC-V9 instruction
set, plus the UltraSPARC extensions, including the Visual Instruc‐
tion Set (VIS) version 1.0, the UltraSPARC-III extensions, includ‐
ing the Visual Instruction Set (VIS) version 2.0, the fused multi‐
ply-add instructions, and the Visual Instruction Set (VIS) version
3.0.
-xarch=sparcfmaf
Accept instructions defined for the sparcfmaf version of the SPARC-
V9 ISA, plus the UltraSPARC extensions, including the Visual
Instruction Set (VIS) version 1.0, the UltraSPARC-III extensions,
including the Visual Instruction Set (VIS) version 2.0, and the
SPARC64 VI extensions for floating-point multiply-add.
-xarch=sparcima
Accept instructions defined for the sparcima version of the SPARC-
V9 ISA which are instructions from the SPARC-V9 instruction set,
plus the UltraSPARC extensions, including the Visual Instruction
Set (VIS) version 1.0, the UltraSPARC-III extensions, including the
Visual Instruction Set (VIS) version 2.0, the SPARC64 VI extensions
for floating-point multiply-add, and the SPARC64 VII extensions for
integer multiply-add.
-xarch=sparc4
Accept instructions defined for the sparc4 version of the SPARC-V9
ISA, which are instructions from the SPARC-V9 instruction set, plus
the extensions, which includes VIS 1.0, the UltraSPARC-III exten‐
sions, which includes VIS 2.0, the fused floating-point multiply-
add instructions, VIS 3.0, and SPARC4 instructions.
-xarch=sparc4b
Enables the compiler to use instructions from the SPARC-V9 instruc‐
tion set, plus the UltraSPARC extensions, which includes VIS 1.0,
the UltraSPARC-III extensions, which includes VIS2.0, the SPARC64
VI extensions for floating-point multiply-add, the SPARC64 VII
extensions for integer multiply-add, and the PAUSE and CBCOND
instructions from the SPARC T4 extensions.
-xarch=sparc4c
Enables the compiler to use instructions from the SPARC-V9 instruc‐
tion set, plus the UltraSPARC extensions, which includes VIS 1.0,
the UltraSPARC-III extensions, which includes VIS2.0, the SPARC64
VI extensions for floating-point multiply-add, the SPARC64 VII
extensions for integer multiply-add, the VIS3B subset of the VIS
3.0 instructions a subset of the SPARC T3 extensions, called the
VIS3B subset of VIS 3.0, and the PAUSE and CBCOND instructions from
the SPARC T4 extensions.
-xarch=sparc5
Accept instructions defined for the sparc5 version of the SPARC-V9
ISA which are instructions from the SPARC-V9 instruction set, plus
the extensions, which includes VIS 1.0, the UltraSPARC-III exten‐
sions, which includes VIS 2.0, the fused floating-point multiply-
add instructions, VIS 3.0, SPARC4, and SPARC5 instructions.
-xarch=v9
Equivalent to: -m64 -xarch=sparc
-xarch=v9a
Equivalent to: -m64 -xarch=sparcvis
-xarch=v9b
Equivalent to: -m64 -xarch=sparcvis2
-xF
Generates additional information for use by the Oracle Solaris Stu‐
dio performance Analyzer. If the input file does not contain any
stabs (debugging directives), then the assembler will generate the
default stabs needed by the Oracle Solaris Studio analyzer. Also
see the dbx(1) Oracle Sun Studio manual page.
x86 Options
-a32
Allow 32-bit addresses in 64-bit mode.
-H
Generate the Hardware Capabilities section. (This is the default.)
-nH
Suppress the generation of the Hardware Capabilities section.
-KPIC
Check for address referencing with absolute relocation and issue
warning.
-xchip=v
When there is a choice between several possible encodings, choose
the one that is appropriate for the stated chip. In particular, use
the appropriate no-op byte sequence to fill code alignment padding,
and warn when instructions not defined for the stated chip are
used.
The assembler accepts the instruction sets for the following recog‐
nized -xchip values:
generic generic x86 instruction set.
native this host processor.
core2 Intel Core2 processor.
nehalem Intel Nehalem processor.
opteron AMD Opteron processor.
penryn Intel Penryn processor.
pentium Intel Pentium architecture.
pentium_pro Intel Pentium Pro architecture.
pentium3 Intel Pentium 3 style processor.
pentium4 Intel Pentium 4 style processor.
sandybridge Intel Sandy Bridge processor.
westmere Intel Westmere processor.
amdfam10 AMD FAM10 processor.
ivybridge Intel Ivy Bridge processor.
haswell Intel Haswell processor.
-xmodel=[small | medium | kernel]
For -m64 only, generate R_X86_64_32S relocatable type for data
access under kernel. Otherwise, generate R_X86_64_32 under small.
SHN_AMD64_LCOMMON and .lbcomm support added under medium. small is
the default.
-Yd,path
Specify path to the version of cm4defs to use.
-remove_empty_sect
Causes the following sections to be removed if they are empty:
.bss, .bssf, .lbss,.data, .rodata, .ldata, .lrodata, and .picdata.
-xbrace_comment=no
Activates a complete support of GNU-compatible AVX512 syntax:
o Stops using single braces for multi-line commentaries.
You can add multi-linecomments within the /* */ charac‐
ters
o Content within single braces pair is treated as an
AVX512 construct and is checked for correctness
o Double braces is accepted as regular AVX512 syntax and
reports any syntax errors.
-xbrace_comment=yes
The assembler treats the text within the braces {} as comments. If
you want the text within braces to be treated as regular AVX512
instruction, place the text within double braces {{}}.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
TMPDIR
as normally creates temporary files in the directory /tmp. You may
specify another directory by setting the environment variable
TMPDIR to your chosen directory. (If TMPDIR is not a valid direc‐
tory, then as will use /tmp).
FILES
By default, as creates its temporary files in /tmp.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i)
ATTRIBUTE TYPEATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/ _ Interface Stabil‐
ityCommitted
SEE ALSO
cpp(1), ld(1), m4(1), nm(1), strip(1), tmpnam(3C), a.out(5),
attributes(7)
NOTES
On SPARC platforms, the cpp symbol __sparc is set when the flag -P
appears, as well as __sparcv8 with the -m32 flag, and __sparcv9 with
the -m64 flag.
On x86/x64, the symbol __i386 is set when the flag -P appears, as well
as __amd64 with the -m64 flag.
If the -m (invoke the m4(1) macro processor) option is used, keywords
for m4 cannot be used as symbols (variables, functions, labels) in the
input file since m4 cannot determine which keywords are assembler sym‐
bols and which keywords are real m4 macros.
Whenever possible, you should access the assembler through a compila‐
tion system interface program such as the Oracle Solaris Studio C com‐
piler, cc, to ensure proper library linking. See the cc(1) Oracle
Solaris Studio man page.
Solaris 11.4 06 Mar 2017 as(1)