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visual_io(4i)
Ioctls for a class of drivers or subsystems visual_io(4I)
NAME
visual_io - Oracle Solaris VISUAL I/O control operations
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/visual_io.h>
DESCRIPTION
The Oracle Solaris VISUAL environment defines a small set of ioctls for
controlling graphics and imaging devices.
The VIS_GETIDENTIFIER ioctl is mandatory and must be implemented in
device drivers for graphics devices using the Oracle Solaris VISUAL
environment. The VIS_GETIDENTIFIER ioctl is defined to return a device
identifier from the device driver. This identifier must be a uniquely-
defined string.
There are two additional sets of ioctls. One supports mouse tracking
via hardware cursor operations. Use of this set is optional, however,
if a graphics device has hardware cursor support and implements these
ioctls, the mouse tracking performance is improved. The remaining set
supports the device acting as the system console device. Use of this
set is optional, but if a graphics device is to be used as the system
console device, it must implement these ioctls.
The VISUAL environment also defines interfaces for non-ioctl entry
points into the driver that the Oracle Solaris operating system calls
when it is running in standalone mode (for example, when using a stand‐
alone debugger, entering the PROM monitor, or when the system is pan‐
icking). These are also known as Polled I/O entry points, which operate
under an explicit set of restrictions, described below.
IOCTLS
VIS_GETIDENTIFIER
This ioctl() returns an identifier string to uniquely identify a
device used in the Oracle Solaris VISUAL environment. This is a
mandatory ioctl and must return a unique string. We suggest that
the name be formed as <companysymbol><devicetype>.
VIS_GETIDENTIFIER takes a vis_identifier structure as its parame‐
ter. This structure has the form:
#define VIS_MAXNAMELEN 128
struct vis_identifier {
char name[VIS_MAXNAMELEN];
};
VIS_GETCURSOR
VIS_SETCURSOR
These ioctls fetch and set various cursor attributes, using the
vis_cursor structure.
struct vis_cursorpos {
short x; /* cursor x coordinate */
short y; /* cursor y coordinate */
};
struct vis_cursorcmap {
int version; /* version */
int reserved;
unsigned char *red; /* red color map elements */
unsigned char *green;/* green color map elements */
unsigned char *blue; /* blue color map elements */
};
#define VIS_CURSOR_SETCURSOR 0x01 /* set cursor */
#define VIS_CURSOR_SETPOSITION 0x02 /* set cursor position */
#define VIS_CURSOR_SETHOTSPOT 0x04 /* set cursor hot spot */
#define VIS_CURSOR_SETCOLORMAP 0x08 /* set cursor colormap */
#define VIS_CURSOR_SETSHAPE 0x10 /* set cursor shape */
#define VIS_CURSOR_SETALL \
(VIS_CURSOR_SETCURSOR | VIS_CURSOR_SETPOSITION | \
VIS_CURSOR_SETHOTSPOT | VIS_CURSOR_SETCOLORMAP | \
VIS_CURSOR_SETSHAPE)
struct vis_cursor {
short set; /* what to set */
short enable; /* cursor on/off */
struct vis_cursorpos pos; /* cursor position */
struct vis_cursorpos hot; /* cursor hot spot */
struct vis_cursorcmap cmap; /* color map info */
struct vis_cursorpos size; /* cursor bitmap size */
char *image; /* cursor image bits */
char *mask; /* cursor mask bits */
};
The vis_cursorcmap structure should contain pointers to two ele‐
ments, specifying the red, green, and blue values for foreground
and background.
VIS_SETCURSORPOS
VIS_MOVECURSOR
These ioctls fetch and move the current cursor position, using the
vis_cursorpos structure.
Console Optional Ioctls
The following ioctl sets are used by graphics drivers that are part of
the system console device. All of the ioctls must be implemented to be
a console device. In addition, if the system does not have a prom or
the prom goes away during boot, the special standalone ioctls (listed
below) must also be implemented.
The coordinate system for the console device places 0,0 at the upper
left corner of the device, with rows increasing toward the bottom of
the device and columns increasing from left to right.
VIS_PUTCMAP Set or get color map entries.
VIS_GETCMAP
The argument is a pointer to a vis_cmap structure, which contains the
following fields:
struct vis_cmap {
int index;
int count;
uchar_t *red;
uchar_t *green;
uchar_t *blue;
}
index is the starting index in the color map where you want to start
setting or getting color map entries.
count is the number of color map entries to set or get. It also is the
size of the red, green, and blue color arrays.
*red, *green, and *blue are pointers to unsigned character arrays which
contain the color map info to set or where the color map info is placed
on a get.
VIS_DEVINIT Initializes the graphics driver as a console device.
The argument is a pointer to a vis_devinit structure. The graphics
driver is expected to allocate any local state information needed to be
a console device and fill in this structure.
struct vis_devinit {
int version;
screen_size_t width;
screen_size_t height;
screen_size_t linebytes;
unit_t size;
int depth;
short mode;
struct vis_polledio *polledio;
vis_modechg_cb_t modechg_cb;
struct vis_modechg_arg *modechg_arg;
};
version is the version of this structure and should be set to
VIS_CONS_REV.
width and height are the width and height of the device. If mode (see
below) is VIS_TEXT then width and height are the number of characters
wide and high of the device. If mode is VIS_PIXEL then width and height
are the number of pixels wide and high of the device.
linebytes is the number of bytes per line of the device.
size is the total size of the device in pixels.
depth is the pixel depth in device bits. Currently supported depths
are: 1, 4, 8 and 24.
mode is the mode of the device. Either VIS_PIXEL (data to be displayed
is in bitmap format) or VIS_TEXT (data to be displayed is in ascii for‐
mat).
polledio is used to pass the address of the structure containing the
standalone mode polled I/O entry points to the device driver back to
the terminal emulator. The vis_polledio interfaces are described in the
Console Standalone Entry Points section of this manpage. These entry
points are where the operating system enters the driver when the system
is running in standalone mode. These functions perform identically to
the VIS_CONSDISPLAY, VIS_CONSCURSOR and VIS_CONSCOPY ioctls, but are
called directly by the Oracle Solaris operating system and must operate
under a very strict set of assumptions.
modechg_cb is a callback function passed from the terminal emulator to
the framebuffer driver which the frame-buffer driver must call whenever
a video mode change event occurs that changes the screen height, width
or depth. The callback takes two arguments, an opaque handle, mod‐
echg_arg, and the address of a vis_devinit struct containing the new
video mode information.
modechg_arg is an opaque handle passed from the terminal emulator to
the driver, which the driver must pass back to the terminal emulator as
an argument to the modechg_cb function when the driver notifies the
terminal emulator of a video mode change.
VIS_DEVFINI Tells the graphics driver that it is no longer the
system console device. There is no argument to this
ioctl. The driver is expected to free any locally
kept state information related to the console.
VIS_CONSCURSOR Describes the size and placement of the cursor on the
screen. The graphics driver is expected to display or
hide the cursor at the indicated position.
The argument is a pointer to a vis_conscursor structure which contains
the following fields:
struct vis_conscursor {
screen_pos_t row;
screen_pos_t col;
screen_size_t width;
screen_size_t height
color_t fg_color;
color_t bg_color;
short action;
};
row and col are the first row and column (upper left corner of the cur‐
sor).
width and height are the width and height of the cursor.
If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl is set to VIS_PIXEL, then col, row,
width and height are in pixels. If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was
set to VIS_TEXT, then col, row, width and height are in characters.
fg_color and bg_color are the foreground and background color map
indexes to use when the action (see below) is set to VIS_DISPLAY_CUR‐
SOR.
action indicates whether to display or hide the cursor. It is set to
either VIS_HIDE_CURSOR or VIS_DISPLAY_CURSOR.
VIS_CONSDISPLAY Display data on the graphics device. The graphics
driver is expected to display the data contained in
the vis_display structure at the specified position
on the console.
The vis_display structure contains the following fields:
struct vis_display {
screen_pos_t row;
screen_pos_t col;
screen_size_t width;
screen_size_t height;
uchar_t *data;
color_t fg_color;
color_t bg_color;
};
row and col specify at which starting row and column the date is to be
displayed. If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to VIS_TEXT, row
and col are defined to be a character offset from the starting position
of the console device. If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to
VIS_PIXEL, row and col are defined to be a pixel offset from the start‐
ing position of the console device.
width and height specify the size of the data to be displayed. If mode
in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to VIS_TEXT, width and height define
the size of data as a rectangle that is width characters wide and
height characters high. If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to
VIS_PIXEL, width and height define the size of data as a rectangle that
is width pixels wide and height pixels high.
*data is a pointer to the data to be displayed on the console device.
If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to VIS_TEXT, data is an array
of ASCII characters to be displayed on the console device. The driver
must break these characters up appropriately and display it in the
retangle defined by row, col, width, and height. If mode in the
VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to VIS_PIXEL, data is an array of bitmap data
to be displayed on the console device. The driver must break this data
up appropriately and display it in the retangle defined by row, col,
width, and height.
The fg_color and bg_color fields define the foreground and background
color map indexes to use when displaying the data. fb_color is used for
on pixels and bg_color is used for off pixels.
VIS_CONSCOPY Copy data from one location on the device to another.
The driver is expected to copy the specified data. The
source data should not be modified. Any modifications
to the source data should be as a side effect of the
copy destination overlapping the copy source.
The argument is a pointer to a vis_copy structure which contains the
following fields:
struct vis_copy {
screen_pos_t s_row;
screen_pos_t s_col;
screen_pos_t e_row;
screen_pos_t e_col;
screen_pos_t t_row;
screen_pos_t t_col;
short direction;
};
s_row, s_col, e_row, and e_col define the source rectangle of the copy.
s_row and s_col are the upper left corner of the source rectangle.
e_row and e_col are the lower right corner of the source rectangle. If
mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl() was set to VIS_TEXT, s_row, s_col,
e_row, and e_col are defined to be character offsets from the starting
position of the console device. If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was
set to VIS_PIXEL, s_row, s_col, e_row, and e_col are defined to be
pixel offsets from the starting position of the console device.
t_row and t_col define the upper left corner of the destination rectan‐
gle of the copy. The entire rectangle is copied to this location. If
mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to VIS_TEXT, t_row, and t_col are
defined to be character offsets from the starting position of the con‐
sole device. If mode in the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl was set to VIS_PIXEL,
t_row, and t_col are defined to be pixel offsets from the starting
position of the console device.
direction specifies which way to do the copy. If direction is
VIS_COPY_FORWARD the graphics driver should copy data from position
(s_row, s_col) in the source rectangle to position (t_row, t_col) in
the destination rectangle. If direction is VIS_COPY_BACKWARDS the
graphics driver should copy data from position (e_row, e_col) in the
source rectangle to position (t_row+(e_row-s_row), t_col+(e_col-s_col))
in the destination rectangle.
VIS_CONSCLEAR Clear the screen. The driver is expected to paint the
whole screen with the background color specified in
the vis_consclear structure.
The argument is a pointer to a vis_consclear structure which contains
the following fields:
struct vis_consclear {
unsigned char bg_color;
};
bg_color specifies the background color to be used to paint the screen.
Only driver that set mode to VIS_PIXEL with the VIS_DEVINIT ioctl are
expected to have to handle this ioctl.
Console Standalone Entry Points (Polled I/O Interfaces)
Console standalone entry points are necessary only if the driver is
implementing console-compatible extensions. All console vectored stand‐
alone entry points must be implemented along with all console-related
ioctls if the console extension is implemented.
struct vis_polledio {
struct vis_polledio_arg *arg;
void (*display)(vis_polledio_arg *, struct vis_consdisplay *);
void (*copy)(vis_polledio_arg *, struct vis_conscopy *);
void (*cursor)(vis_polledio_arg *, struct vis_conscursor *);
};
The vis_polledio structure is passed from the driver to the Oracle
Solaris operating system, conveying the entry point addresses of three
functions which perform the same operations of their similarly named
ioctl counterparts. The rendering parameters for each entry point are
derived from the same structure passed as the respective ioctl. See the
Console Optional Ioctls section of this manpage for an explanation of
the specific function each of the entry points, display(), copy() and
cursor() are required to implement. In addition to performing the pre‐
scribed function of their ioctl counterparts, the standalone vectors
operate in a special context and must adhere to a strict set of rules.
The polled I/O vectors are called directly whenever the system is qui‐
esced (running in a limited context) and must send output to the dis‐
play. Standalone mode describes the state in which the system is run‐
ning in single-threaded mode and only one processor is active. Oracle
Solaris operating system services are stopped, along with all other
threads on the system, prior to entering any of the polled I/O inter‐
faces. The polled I/O vectors are called when the system is running in
a standalone debugger, when executing the PROM monitor (OBP) or when
panicking.
The following restrictions must be observed in the polled I/O func‐
tions:
1. The driver must not allocate memory.
2. The driver must not wait on mutexes.
3. The driver must not wait for interrupts.
4. The driver must not call any DDI or LDI services.
5. The driver must not call any system services.
The system is single-threaded when calling these functions, meaning
that all other threads are effectively halted. Single-threading makes
mutexes (which cannot be held) easier to deal with, so long as the
driver does not disturb any shared state. See Writing Device Drivers in
Oracle Solaris 11.4 for more information about implementing polled I/O
entry points.
SEE ALSO
ioctl(2)
Writing Device Drivers in Oracle Solaris 11.4
NOTES
On SPARC systems, compatible drivers supporting the kernel terminal
emulator should export the tem-support DDI property. tem-support indi‐
cates that the driver supports the kernel terminal emulator. By export‐
ing tem-support it's possible to avoid premature handling of an incom‐
patible driver.
tem-support This DDI property, set to 1, means the driver is compat‐
ible with the console kernel framebuffer interface.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 visual_io(4I)