svcadm(8)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 8 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
uncover(1)
uncover(1) User Commands uncover(1)
NAME
uncover - Code Coverage Tool
SYNOPSIS
Instrumentation Step :
uncover
[-?] [-h] [-c] [-d dir] [-m {on | off}]
[-o output-binary-file] [-v] [-V] target
Analysis Step :
uncover
[-?] [-h] [-a] [-c] [-e {on|off}] [-H dir] [-n]
[-t file] [-v] [-V] target.uc
DESCRIPTION
uncover is a command line tool to measure code coverage of your appli‐
cations. This tool can display information on areas of the application
being exercised during testing. The coverage information reported by
this tool could be at a function, statement, basic block, or instruc‐
tion level.
Measurements are done by first instrumenting the binaries, then execut‐
ing the binaries. After execution, you can query the coverage data
based on the execution. You can execute the binaries multiple times,
and the coverage data will be the accumulation of these multiple execu‐
tions.
target is the binary file for which the code coverage data is to be
generated. target.uc is the directory where the code coverage data is
generated and stored.
uncover is not compatible with binaries compiled with versions of Stu‐
dio older than Oracle Developer Studio 12 update 1. It works on a
SPARC-based or x86-based system running the Solaris 10 10/08 operating
system or a later Solaris 10 update, or Oracle Solaris 11 or Oracle
Linux OS versions 5.x or a later update.
uncover works with any binary built with Oracle Developer Studio com‐
pilers, but works best with binaries built with no optimization option.
(Previous releases of uncover required at least the -O1 optimization
level.) If your binary is built with an optimization option, uncover
results will be better with lower optimization levels (-O1 or -O2). un‐
cover derives the source line level coverage by relating the instruc‐
tions to line numbers using the debug information generated when the
binary is built with the -g option. At optimization levels -O3 and
higher, the compiler might delete some code that might never be exe‐
cuted or is redundant, which might result in no binary instructions for
some source code lines. In such cases, no coverage information will be
reported for those lines.
Binaries compiled with any of the following compiler options are incom‐
patible with uncover: -p, -pg, -qp, -xpg, and -xlinkopt.
See the Oracle Developer Studio 12.5:
Discover and Uncover User's Guide for more information.
OPTIONS
uncover accepts the following options:
-?
-h
Output the help message.
-a
Write error data to binary-name.analyze/coverage directory for use
by Code Analyzer (the graphic tool code-analyzer or the command-
line tool codean).
-c
Turn on reporting of execution counts for instructions, blocks, and
functions. By default only information on which code is covered or
not covered is reported. Specify this option both when instrument‐
ing your binary and when generating the coverage report.
-d dir
Create coverage data inside the specified directory dir. If not
specified, the current working directory is used. The coverage data
directory will be named target.uc underneath the directory dir. Use
of this flag is strongly recommended if running the binary in dif‐
ferent locations. It assures that no matter where you run the bi‐
nary and how many times you run it, the coverage data will be accu‐
mulated in a single .uc directory for all runs. Also, using -d flag
is necessary if the directory where instrumentation happens is dif‐
ferent from the run directory. This is because the instrumentation
step creates and initializes the .uc directory and the run step ac‐
cumulates coverage information in the .uc directory.
-e {on|off}
Turn on or off the invocation of the Performance Analyzer. Default
is on.
-H dir
Display the coverage data in HTML format inside dir. When speci‐
fied, the default browser will be invoked to display the coverage
data stored in dir.
-m {on|off}
When instrumenting your program, turns thread-safe profiling on and
off. Default is on. Use this option in combination with the -c run‐
time option. If you instrument a binary that uses threads with -m
off, the binary fails at runtime and a message is displayed asking
you to reinstrument the binary with -m on.
-n
Do not start the GUI viewer to display the coverage data. When both
-n and -H options are absent, the Oracle Developer Studio Perfor‐
mance Analyzer will be invoked to display the coverage data.
-o output_binary_file
Write the instrumented binary file to output_binary_file. The de‐
fault is to overwrite the input binary file with the instrumented
file.
-t file
Display the coverage data in ASCII text in the file file.
-v
Turn on the verbose mode, showing detailed info on steps of the
command.
-V
Print the current version.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Instrument, execute, and display coverage data of a.out.
This example will instrument the binary a.out, next execute the binary,
and finally display the coverage data of a.out stored in a.out.uc by
invoking the Performance Analyzer.
% uncover a.out
% a.out
% uncover a.out.uc
Note: You only need to instrument the binary of interest once.
Example 2 Generate coverage data directory.
Similar to example #1, but the coverage data directory a.out.uc is gen‐
erated underneath the directory abc.
% uncover -d abc a.out
% a.out
% uncover abc/a.out.uc
Example 3 Display coverage data in HTML format.
Similar to example #1, but the binary was executed three times. The
coverage data to be displayed are in HTML format inside the directory
a.out.html. The default browser will be invoked to display this data.
% uncover a.out
% a.out; a.out; a.out
% uncover -H a.out.html a.out.uc
Example 4 Example of ASCII coverage report generated by uncover.
The following is an example of an ASCII coverage report generated by
uncover:
% uncover -t unc.report a.out.uc
Creating experiment database a.out.er ...
% cat unc.report
UNCOVER Code Coverage
Total Functions: 6
Covered Functions: 3
Function Coverage: 50.0%
Total Executable Source Lines (Excludes redundant code removed by
compiler): 38
Source Line Coverage: 57.9%
Total Basic Blocks: 19
Covered Basic Blocks: 11
Basic Block Coverage: 57.9%
Total Basic Block Executions: 11
Average Executions per Basic Block: 0.58
Total Instructions: 149
Covered Instructions: 75
Instruction Coverage: 50.3%
Total Instruction Executions: 75
Average Executions per Instruction: 0.50
Number of times this program was executed: 1
Functions sorted by metric: Exclusive Uncoverage
Excl. Excl. Excl. Excl. Excl. Name
Uncoverage Function Instr Block Instr
Count Exec Covered % Covered %
172 3 75 238 225 <Total>
80 0 0 0 0 t3
60 0 0 0 0 bar
32 0 0 0 0 t2
0 1 16 75 45 foo
0 1 51 63 80 main
0 1 8 100 100 t1
Instruction frequency data from experiment a.out.er
Instruction frequencies of /export/home1/uncover.demo/a.out.uc/a.out
Instruction Executed ()
TOTAL 75 (100.0)
float ops 0 ( 0.0)
float ld st 0 ( 0.0)
load store 12 ( 16.0)
load 8 ( 10.7)
store 4 ( 5.3)
--------------------------------------
Instruction Executed () Annulled In Delay Slot
TOTAL 75 (100.0)
call 13 ( 17.3) 0 0
add 9 ( 12.0) 0 5
sethi 9 ( 12.0) 1 3
nop 7 ( 9.3) 0 7
br 6 ( 8.0) 0 0
lduw 6 ( 8.0) 0 0
or 5 ( 6.7) 0 2
subcc 5 ( 6.7) 0 0
stw 3 ( 4.0) 0 0
save 3 ( 4.0) 0 0
jmpl 3 ( 4.0) 0 0
restore 3 ( 4.0) 0 3
ldsb 2 ( 2.7) 0 1
stb 1 ( 1.3) 0 0
============================================================
Example 5 Getting coverage for shared libraries
Getting coverage data for a shared library is similar. Instrument the
library using uncover, run the applications that use this shared li‐
brary, use uncover to get coverage report.
% uncover -d coverage-dir lib-dir/libfoo.so
Where coverage-dir is the directory where you need the coverage data
for all the runs to accumulate in coverage-dir/libfoo.so.uc and lib-dir
is the directory where the library libfoo.so resides. Assuming your ex‐
ecutables have dynamic dependency on libfoo.so or use dlopen to call
libfoo.so, the raw coverage information will get accumulated for all
these runs in coverage-dir/libfoo.so.uc.
Use uncover to view the coverage information in any of the four follow‐
ing formats:
o Performance Analyzer graphical tool
% uncover coverage-dir/libfoo.so.uc
o ASCII report
% uncover -t text-report coverage-dir/libfoo.so.uc
o HTML report
% uncover -h html-report coverage-dir/libfoo.so.uc
o Code Analyzer report
% uncover -a coverage-dir/libfoo.so.uc
The previous command creates a directory called lib‐
foo.so.analyze in the same directory as libfoo.so. Use
codean (text output) or code-analyzer (GUI) to view the re‐
sults as follows:
% codean lib-dir/libfoo.so
% code-analyzer lib-dir/libfoo.so
Example 6 Collecting Coverage for a Running Process
It is possible to collect coverage for a running process without it
needing to exit. This may be useful for long-running applications which
do not exit. This can be done by attaching to the running process using
dbx and calling a function called __uncover_update_coverage().This will
accumulate the profile to the directory named <binary>.uc.Results can
be viewed by running the uncover command on <binary>.uc, just as it is
described in the previous sections.
Here is a dbx script for doing this and its usage:
% cat dbx_uncover.sh
#!/bin/sh
dbx - $1 << END
call __uncover_update_coverage()
exit
END
% uncover a.out // Instrument
% a.out // Start the application
In a separate window, type the following command:
% dbx_uncover.sh <process id of a.out>
The command above accumulates the profile to a.out.uc.
To view the results, type the following command:
% uncover a.out.uc
SEE ALSO
CC(1), cc(1), f95(1), gcc(1), g++(1)
Studio 12.6 December 2016 uncover(1)