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read(1)
read(1) User Commands read(1)
NAME
read - read a line from standard input
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/read
/usr/bin/read [-r] var...
/usr/sunos/bin/sh
read name...
csh
set variable= $<
ksh88
read [-prsu [n]] [name ? prompt] [name]...
ksh
read [-ACprs] [-d delim] [-n nsize] [-N nsize] [-t timeout]
[-u unit] [vname?prompt] [vname... ]
DESCRIPTION
/usr/bin/read
The read utility reads a single line from standard input.
By default, unless the -r option is specified, backslash (\) acts as an
escape character. If standard input is a terminal device and the invok‐
ing shell is interactive, read prompts for a continuation line when:
o The shell reads an input line ending with a backslash, un‐
less the -r option is specified.
o A here-document is not terminated after a NEWLINE character
is entered.
The line is split into fields as in the shell. The first field is as‐
signed to the first variable var, the second field to the second vari‐
able var, and so forth. If there are fewer var operands specified than
there are fields, the leftover fields and their intervening separators
is assigned to the last var. If there are fewer fields than vars, the
remaining vars is set to empty strings.
The setting of variables specified by the var operands affects the cur‐
rent shell execution environment. If it is called in a sub-shell or
separate utility execution environment, such as one of the following:
(read foo)
nohup read ...
find . -exec read ... \;
It does not affect the shell variables in the caller's environment.
This includes executing the /usr/bin/read stand-alone command.
The standard input must be a text file.
/usr/sunos/bin/sh
One line is read from the standard input and, using the internal field
separator, IFS (normally space or tab), to delimit word boundaries, the
first word is assigned to the first name, the second word to the second
name, and so on, with leftover words assigned to the last name. Lines
can be continued using \newline. Characters other than NEWLINE can be
quoted by preceding them with a backslash. These backslashes are re‐
moved before words are assigned to names, and no interpretation is done
on the character that follows the backslash. The return code is 0, un‐
less an end-of-file is encountered.
csh
The notation:
set variable = $<
loads one line of standard input as the value for variable. (See
csh(1)).
ksh88
The shell input mechanism. One line is read and is broken up into
fields using the characters in IFS as separators. The escape character,
(\), is used to remove any special meaning for the next character and
for line continuation. In raw mode, the -r, the , and the \ character
are not treated specially. The first field is assigned to the first
name, the second field to the second name, and so on, with leftover
fields assigned to the last name. The -p option causes the input line
to be taken from the input pipe of a process spawned by the shell using
|&. If the -s flag is present, the input is saved as a command in the
history file. The flag -u can be used to specify a one digit file de‐
scriptor unit n to read from. The file descriptor can be opened with
the exec special command. The default value of n is 0. If name is omit‐
ted, REPLY is used as the default name. The exit status is 0 unless the
input file is not open for reading or an end-of-file is encountered. An
end-of-file with the -p option causes cleanup for this process so that
another can be spawned. If the first argument contains a ?, the remain‐
der of this word is used as a prompt on standard error when the shell
is interactive. The exit status is 0 unless an end-of-file is encoun‐
tered.
ksh
read reads a line from standard input and breaks it into fields using
the characters in the value of the IFS variable as separators. The es‐
cape character, \, is used to remove any special meaning for the next
character and for line continuation unless the -r option is specified.
If there are more variables than fields, the remaining variables are
set to empty strings. If there are fewer variables than fields, the
leftover fields and their intervening separators are assigned to the
last variable. If no var is specified, the variable REPLY is used.
When var has the binary attribute and -n or -N is specified, the bytes
that are read are stored directly into var.
If you specify ?prompt after the first var, read displays a prompt on
standard error when standard input is a terminal or pipe.
OPTIONS
/usr/bin/read, ksh88
The following option is supported by /usr/bin/read and ksh88:
-r Do not treat a backslash character in any special way. Considers
each backslash to be part of the input line.
ksh
The following options are supported by ksh:
-A Unset var, and create an indexed array containing each
field in the line starting at index 0.
-C Unset var and read var as a compound variable.
-d delim Read until delimiter delim instead of to the end of line.
-n nsize Read at most nsize bytes. Binary field size is in bytes.
-N nsize Read exactly nsize bytes. Binary field size is in bytes.
-p Read from the current co-process instead of standard in‐
put. An end of file causes read to disconnect the co-
process so that another can be created.
-r Do not treat \ specially when processing the input line.
-s Save a copy of the input as an entry in the shell history
file.
-t timeout Specify a timeout in seconds when reading from a terminal
or pipe.
-u fd Read from file descriptor number fd instead of standard
input. The default value is 0.
-v When reading from a terminal, display the value of the
first variable and use it as a default value.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
var The name of an existing or non-existing shell variable.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Using the read Command
The following example for /usr/bin/read prints a file with the first
field of each line moved to the end of the line:
example% while read -r xx yy
do
printf "%s %s\n" "$yy" "$xx"
done < input_file
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of read: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES,
and NLSPATH.
IFS Determines the internal field separators used to delimit fields.
PS2 Provides the prompt string that an interactive shell writes to
standard error when a line ending with a backslash is read and
the -r option was not specified, or if a here-document is not
terminated after a NEWLINE character is entered.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 End-of-file was detected or an error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
/usr/bin/read
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ Interface StabilityCommit‐
ted _ StandardSee standards(7).
See the respective shell man pages for attributes of the shell built-in
command versions of read.
SEE ALSO
csh(1), ksh(1), ksh88(1), line(1), set(1), sh(1s), attributes(7), envi‐
ron(7), standards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 29 Nov 2022 read(1)