svcadm(8)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 8 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
mktemp(1)
mktemp(1) User Commands mktemp(1)
NAME
mktemp - make temporary filename
SYNOPSIS
mktemp [-dtqu] [--directory] [--quiet] [--dry-run] [-p directory]
[--suffix=suff] [--tmpdir[=dir]] [template]
DESCRIPTION
The mktemp utility makes a temporary filename. To do this, mktemp takes
the specified filename template and overwrites a portion of it to cre‐
ate a unique filename. See OPERANDS.
The template is converted to a path name using the mktemp(3C),
mkdtemp(3C), mkstemp(3C), and mkstemps(3C) library functions.
If mktemp can successfully generate a unique filename, the file (or di‐
rectory) is created with file permissions such that it is only readable
and writable by its owner (unless the -u flag is given) and the file‐
name is printed to standard output.
mktemp allows shell scripts to safely use temporary files. Tradition‐
ally, many shell scripts take the name of the program with the PID as a
suffix and used that as a temporary filename. This kind of naming
scheme is predictable and the race condition it creates is easy for an
attacker to win. A safer, though still inferior approach is to make a
temporary directory using the same naming scheme. While this guarantees
that a temporary file is not subverted, it still allows a simple denial
of service attack. Use mktemp instead.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-d, --directory
Make a directory instead of a file.
-p directory
Use the specified directory as a prefix when generating the tempo‐
rary filename. The directory is overridden by the user's TMPDIR en‐
vironment variable if it is set. This option implies the -t flag.
-q, --quiet
Fail silently if an error occurs. This is useful if a script does
not want error output to go to standard error.
--suffix=suff
Append suff to the template. suff must not contain a slash (/).
This option is implied when the template ends in characters other
than replaceable X characters, and does not remove the requirement
to include such X characters.
--tmpdir[=dir]
´template' is relative to dir. If dir is not specified, the user's
environment variable TMPDIR is used if set, else /tmp is used. This
option does not support a template with an absolute name and unlike
with the use of -t, a template may contain slashes.
-t
Generate a path rooted in a temporary directory. This directory is
chosen as follows: If the user's TMPDIR environment variable is
set, the directory contained therein is used. Otherwise, if the -p
flag was given the specified directory is used. If none of the
above apply, /tmp is used. In this mode, the template (if speci‐
fied) should be a directory component (as opposed to a full path)
and thus should not contain any forward slashes.
-u, --dry-run
Operate in unsafe mode. The temp file is unlinked before mktemp ex‐
its. This is slightly better than mktemp(3C), but still introduces
a race condition. Use of this option is discouraged.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
template template can be any filename with three to six Xs included
in it, for example /tmp/tfile.XXXXXX.
If template is not specified, a default of tmp.XXXXXX is
used and the -t flag is implied.
If template has multiple series of Xs, the final series is
used for the replacement text, unless --suffix specifies
otherwise.
If template has characters after the final set of Xs, then
the --suffix option is implied to be all such characters,
unless explicitly specified.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Using mktemp
The following example illustrates a simple use of mktemp in a sh(1)
script. In this example, the script quits if it cannot get a safe tem‐
porary file.
TMPFILE=`mktemp /tmp/example.XXXXXX`
if [ -z "$TMPFILE" ]; then exit 1; fi
echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE
Example 2 Using mktemp to Support TMPDIR
The following example uses mktemp to support for a user's TMPDIR envi‐
ronment variable:
TMPFILE=`mktemp -t example.XXXXXX`
if [ -z "$TMPFILE" ]; then exit 1; fi
echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE
Example 3 Using mktemp Without Specifying the Name of the Temporary
File
The following example uses mktemp without specifying the name of the
temporary file. In this case the -t flag is implied.
TMPFILE=`mktemp`
if [ -z "$TMPFILE" ]; then exit 1; fi
echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE
Example 4 Using mktemp with a Default Temporary Directory Other than
/tmp
The following example creates the temporary file in /extra/tmp unless
the user's TMPDIR environment variable specifies otherwise:
TMPFILE=`mktemp -p /extra/tmp example.XXXXX`
if [ -z "$TMPFILE" ]; then exit 1; fi
echo "program output" >> $TMPFILE
Example 5 Using mktemp to Remove a File
The following example attempts to create two temporary files. If cre‐
ation of the second temporary file fails, mktemp removes the first file
before exiting:
TMP1=`mktemp -t example.1.XXXXXX`
if [ -z "$TMP1" ]; then exit 1; fi
TMP2=`mktemp -t example.2.XXXXXX`
if [ -z "$TMP2" ]; then
rm -f $TMP1
exit 1
fi
Example 6 Using mktemp
The following example does not exit if mktemp is unable to create the
file. That part of the script has been protected.
TMPFILE=`mktemp -q -t example.XXXXXX`
if [ ! -z "$TMPFILE" ]
then
# Safe to use $TMPFILE in this block
echo data > $TMPFILE
...
rm -f $TMPFILE
fi
Example 7 Using mktemp with Suffix Option
The following command illustrates the use of the suffix option. The ef‐
fect of this command is to create the temporary file ex.q5N.SUFF.
# mktemp --suffix=.SUFF ex.XXXXXX
ex.q5Ngid.SUFF
Example 8 Using Suffix and Tmpdir Options
The following command illustrates the use of the suffix and tmpdir op‐
tions.
# mktemp --tmpdir=$HOME --suffix=.bar foo.XXXXXX
/root/foo.7ZaO_N.bar
Example 9 Using Directory and Suffix Options
The following command uses both the directory and suffix options.
# mktemp --directory --suffix=.bar foo.XXXXXX
foo.GSaO3d.bar
# ls -l
drwx------ 2 root staff 512 Mar 19 2012 foo.GSaO.bar
Example 10 Supporting a Template with Non-Trailing Xs
The following command shows the use of the directory option with non-
trailing X characters. In this command, the --suffix=suff option is im‐
plied, where bar is used as the suffix.
# mktemp XXfooXXXXXXbar
XXfooaFY0N6bar
Example 11 Using the Quiet and Tmpdir Options
The following command illustrates the use of the quiet and tmpdir op‐
tions.
# mktemp --quiet --tmpdir=/tmp foo
[No diagnostic message is returned]
Example 12 Using mktemp with Multiple Options
The following command combines the use of the dry-run, tmpdir, and suf‐
fix options.
# mktemp --dry-run --tmpdir=$HOME --suffix=SUFF
/root/tmp.qdaGcOSUFF
# ls -l /root/tmp.qdaGcOSUFF
/root/tmp.qdaGcOSUFF: No such file or directory
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of mktemp with the -t option: TMPDIR.
TMPDIR Name a directory used for creating temporary files to over‐
ride system default; used by mktemp.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
1 An error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ Interface StabilityCommit‐
ted
SEE ALSO
sh(1), mkdtemp(3C), mkstemp(3C), mkstemps(3C), mktemp(3C), attrib‐
utes(7), environ(7)
NOTES
The mktemp utility appeared in OpenBSD 2.1. The Solaris implementation
uses only as many 'X's as are significant for mktemp(3C), mkstemp(3C),
and mkstemps(3C).
Oracle Solaris 11.4 23 Jul 2012 mktemp(1)