svcadm(8)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 8 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
mailx(1)
mailx(1) User Commands mailx(1)
NAME
mailx - interactive message processing system
SYNOPSIS
mailx [-BdeHiInNURvV~] [-f [file | +folder]] [-T file]
[-u user]
mailx [-BdFintUv~] [-b bcc] [-c cc] [-h number]
[-r address] [-s subject] recipient...
/usr/bin/mail ...
DESCRIPTION
The mail utilities listed above provide a comfortable, flexible envi‐
ronment for sending and receiving mail messages electronically.
Note that mail and mailx are antiquated tools that support only basic
e-mail messaging. For more modern features, such as MIME support, take
a look at other available Mail User Agents such as mutt(1). mutt is
provide in package mail/mutt.
When reading mail, the mail utilities provide commands to facilitate
saving, deleting, and responding to messages. When sending mail, the
mail utilities allow editing, reviewing and other modification of the
message as it is entered.
Incoming mail is stored in a standard file for each user, called the
mailbox for that user. When the mail utilities are called to read mes‐
sages, the mailbox is the default place to find them. As messages are
read, they are marked to be moved to a secondary file for storage, un‐
less specific action is taken, so that the messages need not be seen
again. This secondary file is called the mbox and is normally located
in the user's HOME directory (see MBOX in ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES for a
description of this file). Messages can be saved in other secondary
files named by the user. Messages remain in a secondary file until
forcibly removed.
The user can access a secondary file by using the -f option. Messages
in the secondary file can then be read or otherwise processed using the
same Commands as in the primary mailbox. This gives rise within these
pages to the notion of a current mailbox.
OPTIONS
On the command line options start with a dash (−). Any other arguments
are taken to be destinations (recipients). If no recipients are speci‐
fied, mailx attempts to read messages from the mailbox.
-B Do not buffer standard input or standard output.
-b bcc Set the blind carbon copy list to bcc. bcc should be
enclosed in quotes if it contains more than one name.
-c cc Set the carbon copy list to cc. cc should be enclosed
in quotes if it contains more than one name.
-d Turn on debugging output. (Neither particularly inter‐
esting nor recommended.)
-e Test for the presence of mail. mailx prints nothing and
exits with a successful return code if there is mail to
read.
-F Record the message in a file named after the first re‐
cipient. Overrides the record variable, if set (see In‐
ternal Variables).
-f [file] Read messages from file instead of mailbox. If no file
is specified, the mbox is used.
-f [+folder] Use the file folder in the folder directory (same as
the folder command). The name of this directory is
listed in the folder variable.
-H Print header summary only.
-h number The number of network "hops" made so far. This is pro‐
vided for network software to avoid infinite delivery
loops. This option and its argument are passed to the
delivery program.
-I Include the newsgroup and article-id header lines when
printing mail messages. This option requires the -f op‐
tion to be specified.
-i Ignore interrupts. See also ignore in Internal Vari‐
ables.
-N Do not print initial header summary.
-n Do not initialize from the system default mailx.rc or
Mail.rc file. See USAGE.
-r address Use address as the return address when invoking the de‐
livery program. All tilde commands are disabled. This
option and its argument is passed to the delivery pro‐
gram.
-s subject Set the Subject header field to subject. subject should
be enclosed in quotes if it contains embedded white
space.
-T file Message-id and article-id header lines are recorded in
file after the message is read. This option also sets
the -I option.
-t Scan the input for To:, Cc:, and Bcc: fields. Any re‐
cipients on the command line will be ignored.
-U Convert UUCP-style addresses to internet standards.
Overrides the conv environment variable.
-u user Read user's mailbox. This is only effective if user's
mailbox is not read protected.
-V Print the mailx version number and exit.
-v Pass the -v flag to sendmail(8).
-~ Interpret tilde escapes in the input even if not read‐
ing from a tty.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
recipient Addressee of message.
USAGE
Starting Mail
At startup time, mailx executes the system startup file
/etc/mail/mailx.rc. If invoked as Mail, the system startup file
/etc/mail/Mail.rc is used instead.
The system startup file sets up initial display options and alias lists
and assigns values to some internal variables. These variables are
flags and valued parameters which are set and cleared using the set and
unset commands. See Internal Variables.
With the following exceptions, regular commands are legal inside
startup files: !, Copy, edit, followup, Followup, hold, mail, preserve,
reply, Reply, shell, and visual. An error in the startup file causes
the remaining lines in the file to be ignored.
After executing the system startup file, the mail utilities execute the
optional personal startup file $HOME/.mailrc, wherein the user can
override the values of the internal variables as set by the system
startup file.
If the -n option is specified, however, the mail utilities do not exe‐
cute the system startup file.
Many system administrators include the commands
set appenddeadletter
unset replyall
unset pipeignore
in the system startup files (to be compatible with past Solaris behav‐
ior), but this does not meet standards requirements for mailx. To get
standard behavior for mailx, users should use the -n option or include
the following commands in a personal startup file:
unset appenddeadletter
set replyall
set pipeignore
When reading mail, the mail utilities are in command mode. A header
summary of the first several messages is displayed, followed by a
prompt indicating the mail utilities can accept regular commands (see
Commands below). When sending mail, the mail utilities are in input
mode. If no subject is specified on the command line, and the asksub
variable is set, a prompt for the subject is printed.
As the message is typed, the mail utilities read the message and store
it in a temporary file. Commands may be entered by beginning a line
with the tilde (~) escape character followed by a single command letter
and optional arguments. See Tilde Escapes for a summary of these com‐
mands.
Reading Mail
Each message is assigned a sequential number, and there is at any time
the notion of a current message, marked by a right angle bracket (>) in
the header summary. Many commands take an optional list of messages
(message-list) to operate on. In most cases, the current message is set
to the highest-numbered message in the list after the command is fin‐
ished executing.
The default for message-list is the current message. A message-list is
a list of message identifiers separated by spaces, which may include:
n Message number n.
. The current message.
^ The first undeleted message.
$ The last message.
* All messages.
+ The next undeleted message.
− The previous undeleted message.
n−m An inclusive range of message numbers.
user All messages from user.
/string All messages with string in the Subject line (case ignored).
:c All messages of type c, where c is one of:
d deleted messages
n new messages
o old messages
r read messages
u unread messages
Notice that the context of the command determines whether
this type of message specification makes sense.
Other arguments are usually arbitrary strings whose usage depends on
the command involved. Filenames, where expected, are expanded using the
normal shell conventions (see sh(1)). Special characters are recognized
by certain commands and are documented with the commands below.
Sending Mail
Recipients listed on the command line may be of three types: login
names, shell commands, or alias groups. Login names may be any network
address, including mixed network addressing. If mail is found to be un‐
deliverable, an attempt is made to return it to the sender's mailbox.
If the recipient name begins with a pipe symbol ( | ), the rest of the
name is taken to be a shell command to pipe the message through. This
provides an automatic interface with any program that reads the stan‐
dard input. Groups are set by the alias command (see Commands below) or
in a system startup file (for example, $HOME/.mailrc). Aliases are
lists of recipients of any type.
Forwarding Mail
To forward a specific message, include it in a message to the desired
recipients with the ~f or ~m tilde escapes. See Tilde Escapes below. To
forward mail automatically, add a comma-separated list of addresses for
additional recipients to the .forward file in your home directory. This
is different from the format of the alias command, which takes a space-
separated list instead. Note: Forwarding addresses must be valid, or
the messages will "bounce." You cannot, for instance, reroute your mail
to a new host by forwarding it to your new address if it is not yet
listed in the name service.
Commands
Regular commands are of the form
[ command ] [ message-list ] [ arguments ]
In input mode, commands are recognized by the escape character,
tilde(~), and lines not treated as commands are taken as input for the
message. If no command is specified in command mode, next is assumed.
The following is a complete list of mailx commands:
!shell-command
Escape to the shell. See SHELL in ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES.
# comment
NULL command (comment). Useful in mailrc files.
=
Print the current message number.
?
Prints a summary of commands.
alias alias name ...
group alias name ...
Declare an alias for the given names. The names are substituted
when alias is used as a recipient. Useful in the mailrc file. With
no arguments, the command displays the list of defined aliases.
alternates name ...
Declare a list of alternate names for your login. When responding
to a message, these names are removed from the list of recipients
for the response. With no arguments, print the current list of al‐
ternate names. See also allnet in Internal Variables.
cd [directory]
chdir [directory]
Change directory. If directory is not specified, $HOME is used.
copy [file]
copy [message-list] file
Copy messages to the file without marking the messages as saved.
Otherwise equivalent to the save command.
Copy [message-list]
Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from
the author of the message to be saved, without marking the messages
as saved. Otherwise equivalent to the Save command.
delete [message-list]
Delete messages from the mailbox. If autoprint is set, the next
message after the last one deleted is printed (see Internal Vari‐
ables).
discard [header-field...]
ignore [header-field...]
Suppress printing of the specified header fields when displaying
messages on the screen. Examples of header fields to ignore are
Status and Received. The fields are included when the message is
saved, unless the alwaysignore variable is set. The More, Page,
Print, and Type commands override this command. If no header is
specified, the current list of header fields being ignored is
printed. See also the undiscard and unignore commands.
dp [message-list]
dt [message-list]
Delete the specified messages from the mailbox and print the next
message after the last one deleted. Roughly equivalent to a delete
command followed by a print command.
echo string ...
Echo the given strings (like echo(1)).
edit [message-list]
Edit the given messages. Each message is placed in a temporary file
and the program named by the EDITOR variable is invoked to edit it
(see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). Default editor is ed(1).
exit
xit
Exit from mailx, without changing the mailbox. No messages are
saved in the mbox (see also quit).
field [message-list] header-file
Display the value of the header field in the specified message.
file [file]
folder [file]
Quit from the current file of messages and read in the specified
file. Several special characters are recognized when used as file
names:
% the current mailbox.
%user the mailbox for user.
# the previous mail file.
& the current mbox.
+file The named file in the folder directory (listed in the
folder variable).
With no arguments, print the name of the current mail file, and the
number of messages and characters it contains.
folders
Print the names of the files in the directory set by the folder
variable (see Internal Variables).
Followup [message]
Respond to a message, recording the response in a file whose name
is derived from the author of the message. Overrides the record
variable, if set. If the replyall variable is set, the actions of
Followup and followup are reversed. See also the followup, Save,
and Copy commands and outfolder in Internal Variables, and the
Starting Mail section in USAGE above.
followup [message-list]
Respond to the first message in the message-list, sending the mes‐
sage to the author of each message in the message-list. The subject
line is taken from the first message and the response is recorded
in a file whose name is derived from the author of the first mes‐
sage. If the replyall variable is set, the actions of followup and
Followup are reversed. See also the Followup, Save, and Copy com‐
mands and outfolder in Internal Variables, and the Starting Mail
section in USAGE above.
from [message-list]
Print the header summary for the specified messages. If no messages
are specified, print the header summary for the current message.
group alias name ...
alias alias name ...
Declare an alias for the given names. The names are substituted
when alias is used as a recipient. Useful in the mailrc file.
headers [message]
Print the page of headers which includes the message specified. The
screen variable sets the number of headers per page (see Internal
Variables). See also the z command.
help
Print a summary of commands.
hold [message-list]
preserve [message-list]
Hold the specified messages in the mailbox.
if s | r | t
mail-commands
else
mail-commands
endif
Conditional execution, where s executes following mail-commands, up
to an else or endif, if the program is in send mode, r causes the
mail-commands to be executed only in receive mode, and t causes the
mail-commands to be executed only if mailx is being run from a ter‐
minal. Useful in the mailrc file.
inc
Incorporate messages that arrive while you are reading the system
mailbox. The new messages are added to the message list in the cur‐
rent mail session. This command does not commit changes made during
the session, and prior messages are not renumbered.
ignore [header-field ...]
discard [header-field ...]
Suppress printing of the specified header fields when displaying
messages on the screen. Examples of header fields to ignore are
Status and Cc. All fields are included when the message is saved.
The More, Page, Print and Type commands override this command. If
no header is specified, the current list of header fields being ig‐
nored is printed. See also the undiscard and unignore commands.
list
Print all commands available. No explanation is given.
load
[message] file The specified message is replaced by the message in
the named file. file should contain a single mail message including
mail headers (as saved by the save command).
mail recipient...
Mail a message to the specified recipients.
Mail recipient
Mail a message to the specified recipients, and record it in a file
whose name is derived from the author of the message. Overrides the
record variable, if set. See also the Save and Copy commands and
outfolder in Internal Variables.
mbox [message-list]
Arrange for the given messages to end up in the standard mbox save
file when mailx terminates normally. See MBOX in ENVIRONMENT VARI‐
ABLES for a description of this file. See also the exit and quit
commands.
more [message-list]
page [message-list]
Print the specified messages. If crt is set, the messages longer
than the number of lines specified by the crt variable are paged
through the command specified by the PAGER variable. The default
command is pg(1) or if the bsdcompat variable is set, the default
is more(1). See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES. Same as the print and type
commands.
More [message-list]
Page [message-list]
Print the specified messages on the screen, including all header
fields. Overrides suppression of fields by the ignore command. Same
as the Print and Type commands.
new [message-list]
New [message-list]
unread [message-list]
Unread
[message-list] Take a message list and mark each message as not
having been read.
next [message]
Go to the next message matching message. If message is not sup‐
plied, this command finds the next message that was not deleted or
saved. A message-list may be specified, but in this case the first
valid message in the list is the only one used. This is useful for
jumping to the next message from a specific user, since the name
would be taken as a command in the absence of a real command. See
the discussion of message-list above for a description of possible
message specifications.
pipe [message-list] [shell-command]
| [message-list] [shell-command]
Pipe the message through the given shell-command. The message is
treated as if it were read. If no arguments are given, the current
message is piped through the command specified by the value of the
cmd variable. If the page variable is set, a form feed character is
inserted after each message (see Internal Variables).
preserve [message-list]
hold [message-list]
Preserve the specified messages in the mailbox.
print [message-list]
type [message-list]
Print the specified messages. If crt is set, the messages longer
than the number of lines specified by the crt variable are paged
through the command specified by the PAGER variable. The default
command is pg(1) or if the bsdcompat variable is set, the default
is more(1). See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES. Same as the more and page
commands.
Print [message-list]
Type [message-list]
Print the specified messages on the screen, including all header
fields. Overrides suppression of fields by the ignore command. Same
as the More and Page commands.
put [file]
put [message-list] file
Save the specified message in the given file. Use the same conven‐
tions as the print command for which header fields are ignored.
Put [file]
Put [message-list] file
Save the specified message in the given file. Overrides suppression
of fields by the ignore command.
quit
Exit from mailx, storing messages that were read in mbox and unread
messages in the mailbox. Messages that have been explicitly saved
in a file are deleted unless the keepsave variable is set.
reply [message-list]
respond [message-list]
replysender [message-list]
Send a response to the author of each message in the message-list.
The subject line is taken from the first message. If record is set
to a file, a copy of the reply is added to that file. If the re‐
plyall variable is set, the actions of Reply/Respond and reply/re‐
spond are reversed. The replysender command is not affected by the
replyall variable, but sends each reply only to the sender of each
message. See the Starting Mail section in USAGE above.
Reply [message]
Respond [message]
replyall [message]
Reply to the specified message, including all other recipients of
that message. If the variable record is set to a file, a copy of
the reply added to that file. If the replyall variable is set, the
actions of Reply/Respond and reply/respond are reversed. The re‐
plyall command is not affected by the replyall variable, but always
sends the reply to all recipients of the message. See the Starting
Mail section in USAGE above.
retain
Add the list of header fields named to the retained list. Only the
header fields in the retain list are shown on your terminal when
you print a message. All other header fields are suppressed. The
set of retained fields specified by the retain command overrides
any list of ignored fields specified by the ignore command. The
Type and Print commands can be used to print a message in its en‐
tirety. If retain is executed with no arguments, it lists the cur‐
rent set of retained fields.
Save [message-list]
Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from
the author of the first message. The name of the file is taken to
be the author's name with all network addressing stripped off. See
also the Copy, followup, and Followup commands and outfolder in In‐
ternal Variables.
save [file]
save [message-list] file
Save the specified messages in the given file. The file is created
if it does not exist. The file defaults to mbox. The message is
deleted from the mailbox when mailx terminates unless keepsave is
set (see also Internal Variables and the exit and quit commands).
set
set variable
set variable=string
set variable=number
Define a variable. To assign a value to variable, separate the
variable name from the value by an '=' (there must be no space be‐
fore or after the '='). A variable may be given a null, string, or
numeric value. To embed SPACE characters within a value, enclose it
in quotes.
With no arguments, set displays all defined variables and any val‐
ues they might have. See Internal Variables for a description of
all predefined mail variables.
shell
Invoke an interactive shell. See also SHELL in ENVIRONMENT VARI‐
ABLES.
size [message-list]
Print the size in characters of the specified messages.
source file
Read commands from the given file and return to command mode.
top [message-list]
Print the top few lines of the specified messages. If the toplines
variable is set, it is taken as the number of lines to print (see
Internal Variables). The default is 5.
touch [message-list]
Touch the specified messages. If any message in message-list is not
specifically saved in a file, it is placed in the mbox, or the file
specified in the MBOX environment variable, upon normal termina‐
tion. See exit and quit.
Type [message-list]
Print [message-list]
Print the specified messages on the screen, including all header
fields. Overrides suppression of fields by the ignore command.
type [message-list]
print [message-list]
Print the specified messages. If crt is set, the messages longer
than the number of lines specified by the crt variable are paged
through the command specified by the PAGER variable. The default
command is pg(1). See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES.
unalias [alias] ...
ungroup [alias] ...
Remove the definitions of the specified aliases.
undelete [message-list]
Restore the specified deleted messages. Will only restore messages
deleted in the current mail session. If autoprint is set, the last
message of those restored is printed (see Internal Variables).
undiscard [header-field...]
unignore [header-field...]
Remove the specified header fields from the list being ignored. If
no header fields are specified, all header fields are removed from
the list being ignored.
unretain [header-field...]
Remove the specified header fields from the list being retained. If
no header fields are specified, all header fields are removed from
the list being retained.
unread [message-list]
Unread [message-list]
Same as ne (new) command.
unset variable...
Erase the specified variables. If the variable was imported from
the environment (that is, an environment variable or exported shell
variable), it cannot be unset from within mailx.
version
Print the current version and release date of the mailx utility.
visual [message-list]
Edit the given messages with a screen editor. Each messages is
placed in a temporary file and the program named by the VISUAL
variable is invoked to edit it (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES). Notice
that the default visual editor is vi.
write [message-list] file
Write the given messages on the specified file, minus the header
and trailing blank line. Otherwise equivalent to the save command.
xit
exit
Exit from mailx, without changing the mailbox. No messages are
saved in the mbox (see also quit).
z[+|−]
Scroll the header display forward or backward one screen−full. The
number of headers displayed is set by the screen variable (see In‐
ternal Variables).
Tilde Escapes
The following tilde escape commands can be used when composing mail to
send. These may be entered only from input mode, by beginning a line
with the tilde escape character (~). See escape in Internal Variables
for changing this special character. The escape character can be en‐
tered as text by typing it twice.
~!shell-command
Escape to the shell. If present, run shell-command.
~.
Simulate end of file (terminate message input).
~:mail-command
~_mail-command
Perform the command-level request. Valid only when sending a mes‐
sage while reading mail.
~?
Print a summary of tilde escapes.
~A
Insert the autograph string Sign into the message (see Internal
Variables).
~a
Insert the autograph string sign into the message (see Internal
Variables).
~b name ...
Add the names to the blind carbon copy (Bcc) list. This is like the
carbon copy (Cc) list, except that the names in the Bcc list are
not shown in the header of the mail message.
~c name ...
Add the names to the carbon copy (Cc) list.
~d
Read in the dead-letter file. See DEAD in ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES for
a description of this file.
~e
Invoke the editor on the partial message. See also EDITOR in ENVI‐
RONMENT VARIABLES.
~f [message-list]
Forward the specified message, or the current message being read.
Valid only when sending a message while reading mail. The messages
are inserted into the message without alteration (as opposed to the
~m escape).
~F [message-list]
Forward the specified message, or the current message being read,
including all header fields. Overrides the suppression of fields by
the ignore command.
~h
Prompt for Subject line and To, Cc, and Bcc lists. If the field is
displayed with an initial value, it may be edited as if you had
just typed it.
~i variable
Insert the value of the named variable into the text of the mes‐
sage. For example, ~A is equivalent to '~i Sign.' Environment vari‐
ables set and exported in the shell are also accessible by ~i.
~m [message-list]
Insert the listed messages, or the current message being read into
the letter. Valid only when sending a message while reading mail.
The text of the message is shifted to the right, and the string
contained in the indentprefix variable is inserted as the leftmost
characters of each line. If indentprefix is not set, a TAB charac‐
ter is inserted into each line.
~M [message-list]
Insert the listed messages, or the current message being read, in‐
cluding the header fields, into the letter. Valid only when sending
a message while reading mail. The text of the message is shifted to
the right, and the string contained in the indentprefix variable is
inserted as the leftmost characters of each line. If indentprefix
is not set, a TAB character is inserted into each line. Overrides
the suppression of fields by the ignore command.
~p
Print the message being entered.
~q
Quit from input mode by simulating an interrupt. If the body of the
message is not null, the partial message is saved in dead-letter.
See DEAD in ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES for a description of this file.
~R
Mark message for return receipt.
~r file
~< file
~< ! shell-command
Read in the specified file. If the argument begins with an exclama‐
tion point (!), the rest of the string is taken as an arbitrary
shell command and is executed, with the standard output inserted
into the message.
~s string ...
Set the subject line to string.
~t name ...
Add the given names to the To list.
~v
Invoke a preferred screen editor on the partial message. The de‐
fault visual editor is vi(1). See also VISUAL in ENVIRONMENT VARI‐
ABLES.
~w file
Write the message into the given file, without the header.
~x
Exit as with ~q except the message is not saved in dead-letter.
~| shell-command
Pipe the body of the message through the given shell-command. If
the shell-command returns a successful exit status, the output of
the command replaces the message.
Internal Variables
The following variables are internal variables. They may be imported
from the execution environment or set using the set command at any
time. The unset command may be used to erase variables.
allnet
All network names whose last component (login name) match are
treated as identical. This causes the message-list message specifi‐
cations to behave similarly. Disabled by default. See also the al‐
ternates command and the metoo and fuzzymatch variables.
alwaysignore
Ignore header fields with ignore everywhere, not just during print
or type. Affects the save, Save, copy, Copy, top, pipe, and write
commands, and the ~m and ~f tilde escapes. Enabled by default.
append
Upon termination, append messages to the end of the mbox file in‐
stead of prepending them. Although disabled by default, append is
set in the system startup file (which can be suppressed with the -n
command line option).
appenddeadletter
Append to the deadletter file rather than overwrite it. Although
disabled by default, appenddeadletter is frequently set in the sys‐
tem startup file. See Starting Mail in USAGE above.
askbcc
Prompt for the Bcc list after the Subject is entered if it is not
specified on the command line with the -b option. Disabled by de‐
fault.
askcc
Prompt for the Cc list after the Subject is entered if it is not
specified on the command line with the -c option. Disabled by de‐
fault.
asksub
Prompt for subject if it is not specified on the command line with
the -s option. Enabled by default.
autoinc
Automatically incorporate new messages into the current session as
they arrive. This has an affect similar to issuing the inc command
every time the command prompt is displayed. Disabled by default,
but autoinc is set in the default system startup file for mailx; it
is not set for /usr/bin/Mail.
autoprint
Enable automatic printing of messages after delete and undelete
commands. Disabled by default.
bang
Enable the special-casing of exclamation points (!) in shell escape
command lines as in vi(1). Disabled by default.
bsdcompat
Set automatically if mailx is invoked as mail or Mail. Causes mailx
to use /etc/mail/Mail.rc as the system startup file. Changes the
default pager to more(1).
cmd=shell-command
Set the default command for the pipe command. No default value.
conv=conversion
Convert uucp addresses to the specified address style, which can be
either:
internet This requires a mail delivery program conforming to the
RFC822 standard for electronic mail addressing.
optimize Remove loops in uucp address paths (typically generated
by the reply command). No rerouting is performed; mail
has no knowledge of UUCP routes or connections.
Conversion is disabled by default. See also sendmail(8) and the -U
command-line option.
crt[=number]
Pipe messages having more than number lines through the command
specified by the value of the PAGER variable (pg(1) or more(1) by
default). If number is not specified, the current window size is
used. Disabled by default.
debug
Enable verbose diagnostics for debugging. Messages are not deliv‐
ered. Disabled by default.
dot
Take a period on a line by itself, or EOF during input from a ter‐
minal as end-of-file. Disabled by default, but dot is set in the
system startup file (which can be suppressed with the -n command
line option).
fcc
By default, mailx will treat any address containing a slash (/)
character as a local send to file address. By unsetting this op‐
tion, this behavior is disabled. Enabled by default.
flipr
Reverse the effect of the followup/Followup and reply/Reply command
pairs. If both flipr and replyall are set, the effect is as if nei‐
ther was set.
from
Extract the author listed in the header summary from the From:
header instead of the UNIX From line. Enabled by default.
fuzzymatch
The from command searches for messages from the indicated sender.
By default, the full sender address must be specified. By setting
this option, only a sub-string of the sender address need be speci‐
fied. Disabled by default.
escape=c
Substitute c for the ~ escape character. Takes effect with next
message sent.
folder=directory
The directory for saving standard mail files. User-specified file
names beginning with a plus (+) are expanded by preceding the file
name with this directory name to obtain the real file name. If di‐
rectory does not start with a slash (/), $HOME is prepended to it.
There is no default for the folder variable. See also outfolder be‐
low.
header
Enable printing of the header summary when entering mailx. Enabled
by default.
hold
Preserve all messages that are read in the mailbox instead of
putting them in the standard mbox save file. Disabled by default.
ignore
Ignore interrupts while entering messages. Handy for noisy dial-up
lines. Disabled by default.
ignoreeof
Ignore end-of-file during message input. Input must be terminated
by a period (.) on a line by itself or by the ~. command. See also
dot above. Disabled by default.
indentprefix=string
When indentprefix is set, string is used to mark indented lines
from messages included with ~m. The default is a TAB character.
keep
When the mailbox is empty, truncate it to zero length instead of
removing it. Disabled by default.
iprompt=string
The specified prompt string is displayed before each line on input
is requested when sending a message.
keepsave
Keep messages that have been saved in other files in the mailbox
instead of deleting them. Disabled by default.
makeremote
When replying to all recipients of a message, if an address does
not include a machine name, it is assumed to be relative to the
sender of the message. Normally not needed when dealing with hosts
that support RFC822.
metoo
If your login appears as a recipient, do not delete it from the
list. Disabled by default.
mustbang
Force all mail addresses to be in bang format.
onehop
When responding to a message that was originally sent to several
recipients, the other recipient addresses are normally forced to be
relative to the originating author's machine for the response. This
flag disables alteration of the recipients' addresses, improving
efficiency in a network where all machines can send directly to all
other machines (that is, one hop away). Disabled by default.
outfolder
Locate the files used to record outgoing messages in the directory
specified by the folder variable unless the path name is absolute.
Disabled by default. See folder above and the Save, Copy, followup,
and Followup commands.
page
Used with the pipe command to insert a form feed after each message
sent through the pipe. Disabled by default.
pipeignore
Omit ignored header when outputting to the pipe command. Although
disabled by default, pipeignore is frequently set in the system
startup file. See Starting Mail in USAGE above.
postmark
Your real name to be included in the From line of messages you
send. By default this is derived from the comment field in your
passwd(5) file entry.
prompt=string
Set the command mode prompt to string. Default is "? ", unless the
bsdcompat variable is set, then the default is "&".
quiet
Refrain from printing the opening message and version when entering
mailx. Disabled by default.
record=file
Record all outgoing mail in file. Disabled by default. See also
outfolder above.
replyall
Reverse the effect of the reply and Reply and followup and Followup
commands. Although set by default, replayall is frequently unset in
the system startup file. See flipr and Starting Mail in USAGE
above.
returnaddr=string
The default sender address is that of the current user. This vari‐
able can be used to set the sender address to any arbitrary value.
Set with caution.
save
Enable saving of messages in dead-letter on interrupt or delivery
error. See DEAD for a description of this file. Enabled by default.
screen=number
Sets the number of lines in a screen-full of headers for the head‐
ers command. number must be a positive number.
The default is set according to baud rate or window size. With a
baud rate less than 1200, number defaults to 5, if baud rate is ex‐
actly 1200, it defaults to 10. If you are in a window, number de‐
faults to the default window size minus 4. Otherwise, the default
is 20.
sendmail=shell-command
Alternate command for delivering messages. Note: In addition to the
expected list of recipients, mail also passes the -i and -m, flags
to the command. Since these flags are not appropriate to other com‐
mands, you may have to use a shell script that strips them from the
arguments list before invoking the desired command. Default is
/usr/bin/rmail.
sendwait
Wait for background mailer to finish before returning. Disabled by
default.
showname
Causes the message header display to show the sender's real name
(if known) rather than their mail address. Disabled by default, but
showname is set in the /etc/mail/mailx.rc system startup file for
mailx.
showto
When displaying the header summary and the message is from you,
print the recipient's name instead of the author's name.
sign=string
The variable inserted into the text of a message when the ~a (auto‐
graph) command is given. No default (see also ~i in Tilde Escapes).
`
Sign=string
The variable inserted into the text of a message when the ~A com‐
mand is given. No default (see also ~i in Tilde Escapes).
toplines=number
The number of lines of header to print with the top command. De‐
fault is 5.
verbose
Invoke sendmail(8) with the -v flag.
translate
The name of a program to translate mail addresses. The program re‐
ceives mail addresses as arguments. The program produces, on the
standard output, lines containing the following data, in this or‐
der:
o the postmark for the sender (see the postmark variable)
o translated mail addresses, one per line, corresponding
to the program's arguments. Each translated address will
replace the corresponding address in the mail message
being sent.
o a line containing only y or n. if the line contains y
the user will be asked to confirm that the message
should be sent.
The translate program will be invoked for each mail message to be
sent. If the program exits with a non-zero exit status, or fails to
produce enough output, the message is not sent.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of mailx: HOME, LANG, LC_CTYPE, LC_TIME,
LC_MESSAGES, NLSPATH, and TERM.
DEAD
The name of the file in which to save partial letters in case of
untimely interrupt. Default is $HOME/dead.letter.
EDITOR
The command to run when the edit or ~e command is used. Default is
ed(1).
LISTER
The command (and options) to use when listing the contents of the
folder directory. The default is ls(1).
MAIL
The name of the initial mailbox file to read (in lieu of the stan‐
dard system mailbox). The default is "/var/mail/username".
MAILRC
The name of the startup file. Default is $HOME/.mailrc.
MAILX_HEAD
The specified string is included at the beginning of the body of
each message that is sent.
MAILX_TAIL
The specified string is included at the end of the body of each
message that is sent.
MBOX
The name of the file to save messages which have been read. The
exit command overrides this function, as does saving the message
explicitly in another file. Default is $HOME/mbox.
PAGER
The command to use as a filter for paginating output. This can also
be used to specify the options to be used. Default is pg(1), or if
the bsdcompat variable is set, the default is more(1). See Internal
Variables.
SHELL
The name of a preferred command interpreter. Default is sh(1).
VISUAL
The name of a preferred screen editor. Default is vi(1).
EXIT STATUS
When the -e option is specified, the following exit values are re‐
turned:
0 Mail was found.
>0 Mail was not found or an error occurred.
Otherwise, the following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion. Notice that this status implies that all
messages were sent, but it gives no assurances that any of them
were actually delivered.
>0 An error occurred
FILES
$HOME/.mailrc
personal startup file
$HOME/mbox
secondary storage file
$HOME/.Maillock
lock file to prevent multiple writers of system mailbox
/etc/mail/mailx.rc
optional system startup file for mailx only
/etc/mail/Mail.rc
BSD compatibility system-wide startup file for /usr/ucb/mail and
/usr/ucb/Mail
/tmp/R[emqsx]*
temporary files
/usr/share/lib/mailx/mailx.help*
help message files
/var/mail/*
post office directory
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ Interface StabilityCommit‐
ted _ StandardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
echo(1), ed(1), ex(1), fmt(1), ls(1), mail(1), more(1), mutt(1), pg(1),
sh(1), vacation(1), vi(1), aliases(5), passwd(5), attributes(7), envi‐
ron(7), standards(7), newaliases(8), sendmail(8)
NOTES
mailx only supports reading mail from local files, not IMAP or POP
servers.
Where shell-command is shown as valid, arguments are not always al‐
lowed. Experimentation is recommended.
Internal variables imported from the execution environment cannot be
unset.
Replies do not always generate correct return addresses. Try resending
the errant reply with onehop set.
mailx does not lock your record file. So, if you use a record file and
send two or more messages simultaneously, lines from the messages may
be interleaved in the record file.
The format for the alias command is a space-separated list of recipi‐
ents, while the format for an alias in either the .forward or
/etc/aliases is a comma-separated list.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 12 Jul 2024 mailx(1)