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getdate(3c)
getdate(3C) Standard C Library Functions getdate(3C)
NAME
getdate - convert user format date and time
SYNOPSIS
#include <time.h>
struct tm *getdate(const char *string);
extern int getdate_err;
DESCRIPTION
The getdate() function converts user-definable date and/or time speci‐
fications pointed to by string to a tm structure. The tm structure is
defined in the <time.h> header. The returned structure is allocated in
thread-specific static storage and should not be freed by the caller.
User-supplied templates are used to parse and interpret the input
string. The templates are text files created by the user and identified
via the environment variable DATEMSK. Each line in the template repre‐
sents an acceptable date and/or time specification using conversion
specifications similar to those used by strftime(3C) and strptime(3C).
Dates before 1902 and after 2037 are illegal. The first line in the
template that matches the input specification is used for interpreta‐
tion and conversion into the internal time format.
Conversion Specifications
The following conversion specifications are supported:
%% Same as %.
%a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
%A Locale's full weekday name.
%b Locale's abbreviated month name.
%B Locale's full month name.
%c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
%C Century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to an inte‐
ger as a decimal number [1,99]); single digits are preceded by 0;
see standards(7). If used without the %y specifier, this format
specifier will assume the current year offset in whichever cen‐
tury is specified. The only valid years are between 1902-2037.
%d day of month [01,31]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
%D Date as %m/%d/%y.
%e Same as %d.
%F Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601:2004 standard date in ex‐
tended format).
%g Week-based year within century [00,99]; leading zero is permitted
but not required.
%G Week-based year, including the century [0000,9999]; leading zero
is permitted but not required.
%h Locale's abbreviated month name.
%H Hour (24-hour clock) [0,23]; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%I Hour (12-hour clock) [1,12]; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%j Day number of the year [1,366]; leading zeros are permitted but
not required.
%k Same as %H.
%l Same as %I.
%m Month number [1,12]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
%M Minute [0,59]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
%n Any white space.
%p Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m.
%P Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m. in case-insensitive
manner.
%r Appropriate time representation in the 12-hour clock format with
%p.
%R Time as %H:%M.
SUSv3
%S Seconds [0,60]; leading zero is permitted but not required. The
range of values is [00,60] rather than [00,59] to allow for the
occasional leap second.
Default and other standards
%S Seconds [0,61]; leading zero is permitted but not required. The
range of values is [00,61] rather than [00,59] to allow for the
occasional leap second and even more occasional double leap sec‐
ond.
%t Any white space.
%T Time as %H:%M:%S.
%u Weekday as a decimal number [1,7], with 1 representing Monday.
%U Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with Sunday
as the first day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%V The ISO 8601 week number as a decimal number [01,53]. In the ISO
8601 week-based system, weeks begin on a Monday and week 1 of the
year is the week that includes both January 4th and the first
Thursday of the year. If the first Monday of January is the 2nd,
3rd, or 4th, the preceding days are part of the last week of the
preceding year.
%w Weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing Sunday.
%W Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with Monday
as the first day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%x Locale's appropriate date representation.
%X Locale's appropriate time representation.
%y Year within century. When a century is not otherwise specified,
values in the range 69-99 refer to years in the twentieth century
(1969 to 1999 inclusive); values in the range 00-68 refer to
years in the twenty-first century (2000 to 2068 inclusive).
%Y Year, including the century (for example, 1993).
%z Offset from UTC in ISO 8601:2004 standard basic format (+hhmm or
-hhmm), or no characters if no time zone is determinable.
%Z Time zone name or no characters if no time zone exists.
Modified Conversion Specifications
Some conversion specifications can be modified by the E and O modifier
characters to indicate that an alternative format or specification
should be used rather than the one normally used by the unmodified
specification. If the alternative format or specification does not ex‐
ist in the current locale, the behavior be as if the unmodified conver‐
sion specification were used.
%Ec Locale's alternative appropriate date and time representation.
%EC Name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative rep‐
resentation.
%Ex Locale's alternative date representation.
%EX Locale's alternative time representation.
%Ey Offset from %EC (year only) in the locale's alternative repre‐
sentation.
%EY Full alternative year representation.
%Od Day of the month using the locale's alternative numeric symbols;
leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%Oe Same as %Od.
%OH Hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternative numeric sym‐
bols.
%OI Hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternative numeric sym‐
bols.
%Om Month using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%OM Minutes using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%OS Seconds using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%OU Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week)
using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%Ow Number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's alternative
numeric symbols.
%OW Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week)
using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%Oy Year (offset from %C) in the locale's alternative representation
and using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
Internal Format Conversion
The following rules are applied for converting the input specification
into the internal format:
o If only the weekday is given, today is assumed if the given
day is equal to the current day and next week if it is less.
o If only the month is given, the current month is assumed if
the given month is equal to the current month and next year
if it is less and no year is given. (The first day of month
is assumed if no day is given.)
o If only the year is given, the values of the tm_mon,
tm_mday, tm_yday, tm_wday, and tm_isdst members of the re‐
turned tm structure are not specified.
o If the century is given, but the year within the century is
not given, the current year within the century is assumed.
o If no hour, minute, and second are given, the current hour,
minute, and second are assumed.
o If no date is given, today is assumed if the given hour is
greater than the current hour and tomorrow is assumed if it
is less.
General Specifications
A conversion specification that is an ordinary character is executed by
scanning the next character from the buffer. If the character scanned
from the buffer differs from the one comprising the conversion specifi‐
cation, the specification fails, and the differing and subsequent char‐
acters remain unscanned.
A series of conversion specifications composed of %n, %t, white space
characters, or any combination is executed by scanning up to the first
character that is not white space (which remains unscanned), or until
no more characters can be scanned.
Any other conversion specification is executed by scanning characters
until a character matching the next conversion specification is
scanned, or until no more characters can be scanned. These characters,
except the one matching the next conversion specification, are then
compared to the locale values associated with the conversion specifier.
If a match is found, values for the appropriate tm structure members
are set to values corresponding to the locale information. If no match
is found, getdate() fails and no more characters are scanned.
The month names, weekday names, era names, and alternative numeric sym‐
bols can consist of any combination of upper and lowercase letters. The
user can request that the input date or time specification be in a spe‐
cific language by setting the LC_TIME category using setlocale(3C).
RETURN VALUES
If successful, getdate() returns a pointer to a tm structure in con‐
stant memory that should not be modified or freed by the application;
otherwise, it returns NULL and sets getdate_err to indicate the error.
The memory used by getdate() and the getdate_err variable itself are
allocated in thread-specific data; different threads do not use the
same memory. Subsequent calls to getdate() by the same thread alter the
contents of its getdate_err variable.
The following is a complete list of the getdate_err settings and their
meanings:
1 The DATEMSK environment variable is null or undefined.
2 The template file cannot be opened for reading.
3 Failed to get file status information.
4 The template file is not a regular file.
5 An error is encountered while reading the template file.
6 The malloc() function failed (not enough memory is available).
7 There is no line in the template that matches the input.
8 The input specification is invalid (for example, February 31).
USAGE
The getdate() function makes explicit use of macros described on the
ctype(3C) manual page.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Examples of the getdate() function.
The following example shows the possible contents of a template:
%m
%A %B %d %Y, %H:%M:%S
%A
%B
%m/%d/%y %I %p
%d,%m,%Y %H:%M
at %A the %dst of %B in %Y
run job at %I %p,%B %dnd
%A den %d. %B %Y %H.%M Uhr
The following are examples of valid input specifications for the above
template:
getdate("10/1/87 4 PM")
getdate("Friday")
getdate("Friday September 19 1987, 10:30:30")
getdate("24,9,1986 10:30")
getdate("at monday the 1st of december in 1986")
getdate("run job at 3 PM, december 2nd")
If the LANG environment variable is set to de (German), the following
is valid:
getdate("freitag den 10. oktober 1986 10.30 Uhr")
Local time and date specification are also supported. The following ex‐
amples show how local date and time specification can be defined in the
template.
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) InvocationLine in
Template _ getdate("11/27/86")%m/%d/%y getdate("27.11.86")%d.%m.%y get‐
date("86-11-27")%y-%m-%d getdate("Friday 12:00:00")%A %H:%M:%S
The following examples illustrate the Internal Format Conversion rules.
Assume that the current date is Mon Sep 22 12:19:47 EDT 1986 and the
LANG environment variable is not set.
tab() box; cw(1.32i) |cw(1.39i) |cw(2.79i) lw(1.32i) |lw(1.39i)
|lw(2.79i) InputTemplate Line Date _ Mon%aMon Sep 22 12:19:48 EDT 1986
Sun%aSun Sep 28 12:19:49 EDT 1986 Fri%aFri Sep 26 12:19:49 EDT 1986
September%BMon Sep 1 12:19:49 EDT 1986 January%BThu Jan 1 12:19:49 EST
1987 December%BMon Dec 1 12:19:49 EDT 1986 Sep Mon%b %aMon Sep 1
12:19:50 EDT 1986 Jan Fri%b %aFri Jan 2 12:19:50 EST 1987 Dec Mon%b
%aMon Dec 1 12:19:50 EST 1986 Jan Wed 1989%b %a %YWed Jan 4 12:19:51
EST 1989 Fri 9%a %HFri Sep 26 09:00:00 EDT 1986 Feb 10:30%b %H:%SSun
Feb 1 10:00:30 EST 1987 10:30%H:%MTue Sep 23 10:30:00 EDT 1986
13:30%H:%MMon Sep 22 13:30:00 EDT 1986
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ CSIEnabled _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-
Safe _ StandardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
ctype(3C), mktime(3C), setlocale(3C), strftime(3C), strptime(3C), at‐
tributes(7), environ(7), standards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 getdate(3C)