svcadm(8)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 8 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
formats(7)
fo...s(7)Standards, Environments, Macros, Character Sets, and miscellanfyo...s(7)
NAME
formats - file format notation
DESCRIPTION
Utility descriptions use a syntax to describe the data organization
within files—stdin, stdout, stderr, input files, and output files—when
that organization is not otherwise obvious. The syntax is similar to
that used by the printf(3C) function. When used for stdin or input file
descriptions, this syntax describes the format that could have been
used to write the text to be read, not a format that could be used by
the scanf(3C) function to read the input file.
Format
The description of an individual record is as follows:
"<format>", [<arg1>, <arg2>, ..., <argn>]
The format is a character string that contains three types of objects
defined below:
characters
Characters that are not escape sequences or conversion specifica‐
tions, as described below, are copied to the output.
escape sequences
Represent non-graphic characters.
conversion specifications
Specifies the output format of each argument. (See below.)
The following characters have the following special meaning in the for‐
mat string:
" " (An empty character position.) One or more blank characters.
/\ Exactly one space character.
The notation for spaces allows some flexibility for application output.
Note that an empty character position in format represents one or more
blank characters on the output (not white space, which can include new‐
line characters). Therefore, another utility that reads that output as
its input must be prepared to parse the data using scanf(3C), awk(1),
and so forth. The character is used when exactly one space character is
output.
Escape Sequences
The following table lists escape sequences and associated actions on
display devices capable of the action.
tab(); lw(1.21i) cw(1.15i) lw(3.14i) cw(1.21i) lw(1.15i) lw(3.14i) Se‐
quenceCharacterTerminal Action _ \\backslashNone. \aalertT{ Attempts
to alert the user through audible or visible notification. T} \bback‐
spaceT{ Moves the printing position to one column before the current
position, unless the current position is the start of a line. T}
\fform feedT{ Moves the printing position to the initial printing posi‐
tion of the next logical page. T} \nnewlineT{ Moves the printing posi‐
tion to the start of the next line. T} \rcarriage-returnT{ Moves the
printing position to the start of the current line. T} \ttabT{ Moves
the printing position to the next tab position on the current line. If
there are no more tab positions left on the line, the behavior is unde‐
fined. T} \vvertical-tabT{ Moves the printing position to the start of
the next vertical tab position. If there are no more vertical tab posi‐
tions left on the page, the behavior is undefined. T}
Conversion Specifications
Each conversion specification is introduced by the percent-sign charac‐
ter (%). After the character %, the following appear in sequence:
flags
Zero or more flags, in any order, that modify the meaning of the
conversion specification.
field width
An optional string of decimal digits to specify a minimum field
width. For an output field, if the converted value has fewer bytes
than the field width, it is padded on the left (or right, if the
left-adjustment flag (−), described below, has been given to the
field width).
precision
Gives the minimum number of digits to appear for the d, o, i, u, x
or X conversions (the field is padded with leading zeros), the num‐
ber of digits to appear after the radix character for the e and f
conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for the g
conversion; or the maximum number of bytes to be written from a
string in s conversion. The precision takes the form of a period
(.) followed by a decimal digit string; a null digit string is
treated as zero.
conversion characters
A conversion character (see below) that indicates the type of con‐
version to be applied.
flags
The flags and their meanings are:
− The result of the conversion is left-justified within the
field.
+ The result of a signed conversion always begins with a sign
(+ or −).
<space> If the first character of a signed conversion is not a sign,
a space character is prefixed to the result. This means that
if the space character and + flags both appear, the space
character flag is ignored.
# The value is to be converted to an alternative form. For c,
d, i, u, and s conversions, the behaviour is undefined. For
o conversion, it increases the precision to force the first
digit of the result to be a zero. For x or X conversion, a
non-zero result has 0x or 0X prefixed to it, respectively.
For e, E, f, g, and G conversions, the result always con‐
tains a radix character, even if no digits follow the radix
character. For g and G conversions, trailing zeros are not
removed from the result as they usually are.
0 For d, i, o, u, x, X, e, E, f, g, and G conversions, leading
zeros (following any indication of sign or base) are used to
pad to the field width; no space padding is performed. If
the 0 and − flags both appear, the 0 flag is ignored. For d,
i, o, u, x and X conversions, if a precision is specified,
the 0 flag is ignored. For other conversions, the behaviour
is undefined.
Conversion Characters
Each conversion character results in fetching zero or more arguments.
The results are undefined if there are insufficient arguments for the
format. If the format is exhausted while arguments remain, the excess
arguments are ignored.
The conversion characters and their meanings are:
d,i,o,u,x,X The integer argument is written as signed decimal (d or
i), unsigned octal (o), unsigned decimal (u), or un‐
signed hexadecimal notation (x and X). The d and i spec‐
ifiers convert to signed decimal in the style [−]dddd.
The x conversion uses the numbers and letters
0123456789abcdef and the X conversion uses the numbers
and letters 0123456789ABCDEF. The precision component of
the argument specifies the minimum number of digits to
appear. If the value being converted can be represented
in fewer digits than the specified minimum, it is ex‐
panded with leading zeros. The default precision is 1.
The result of converting a zero value with a precision
of 0 is no characters. If both the field width and pre‐
cision are omitted, the implementation may precede, fol‐
low or precede and follow numeric arguments of types d,
i and u with blank characters; arguments of type o (oc‐
tal) may be preceded with leading zeros.
The treatment of integers and spaces is different from
the printf(3C) function in that they can be surrounded
with blank characters. This was done so that, given a
format such as:
"%d\n",<foo>
the implementation could use a printf() call such as:
printf("%6d\n", foo);
and still conform. This notation is thus somewhat like
scanf() in addition to printf().
f The floating-point number argument is written in decimal
notation in the style [−]ddd.ddd, where the number of
digits after the radix character (shown here as a deci‐
mal point) is equal to the precision specification. The
LC_NUMERIC locale category determines the radix charac‐
ter to use in this format. If the precision is omitted
from the argument, six digits are written after the
radix character; if the precision is explicitly 0, no
radix character appears.
e,E The floating-point number argument is written in the
style [−]d.ddde±dd (the symbol ± indicates either a plus
or minus sign), where there is one digit before the
radix character (shown here as a decimal point) and the
number of digits after it is equal to the precision. The
LC_NUMERIC locale category determines the radix charac‐
ter to use in this format. When the precision is miss‐
ing, six digits are written after the radix character;
if the precision is 0, no radix character appears. The E
conversion character produces a number with E instead of
e introducing the exponent. The exponent always contains
at least two digits. However, if the value to be written
requires an exponent greater than two digits, additional
exponent digits are written as necessary.
g,G The floating-point number argument is written in style f
or e (or in style E in the case of a G conversion char‐
acter), with the precision specifying the number of sig‐
nificant digits. The style used depends on the value
converted: style g is used only if the exponent result‐
ing from the conversion is less than −4 or greater than
or equal to the precision. Trailing zeros are removed
from the result. A radix character appears only if it is
followed by a digit.
c The integer argument is converted to an unsigned char
and the resulting byte is written.
s The argument is taken to be a string and bytes from the
string are written until the end of the string or the
number of bytes indicated by the precision specification
of the argument is reached. If the precision is omitted
from the argument, it is taken to be infinite, so all
bytes up to the end of the string are written.
% Write a % character; no argument is converted.
In no case does a non-existent or insufficient field width cause trun‐
cation of a field; if the result of a conversion is wider than the
field width, the field is simply expanded to contain the conversion re‐
sult. The term field width should not be confused with the term preci‐
sion used in the description of %s.
One difference from the C function printf() is that the l and h conver‐
sion characters are not used. There is no differentiation between deci‐
mal values for type int, type long, or type short. The specifications
%d or %i should be interpreted as an arbitrary length sequence of dig‐
its. Also, no distinction is made between single precision and double
precision numbers (float or double in C). These are simply referred to
as floating-point numbers.
Many of the output descriptions use the term line, such as:
"%s", <input line>
Since the definition of line includes the trailing newline character
already, there is no need to include a \n in the format; a double new‐
line character would otherwise result.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 To represent the output of a program that prints a date and
time in the form Sunday, July 3, 10:02, where <weekday> and <month> are
strings:
"%s,/\%s/\%d,/\%d:%.2d\n",<weekday>,<month>,<day>,<hour>,<min>
Example 2 To show pi written to 5 decimal places:
"pi/\=/\%.5f\n",<value of pi>
Example 3 To show an input file format consisting of five colon-sepa‐
rated fields:
"%s:%s:%s:%s:%s\n",<arg1>,<arg2>,<arg3>,<arg4>,<arg5>
SEE ALSO
awk(1), printf(1), printf(3C), scanf(3C)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 fo...s(7)