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date(1)
date(1) User Commands date(1)
NAME
date - write the date and time
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/date [-u] [+format]
/usr/bin/date [-a [-]sss.fff]
/usr/bin/date [-u] [ [mmdd] HHMM | mmddHHMM [cc] yy] [.SS]
/usr/xpg4/bin/date [-u] [+format]
/usr/xpg4/bin/date [-a [-]sss.fff]
/usr/xpg4/bin/date [-u]
[ [mmdd] HHMM | mmddHHMM [cc] yy] [.SS]
DESCRIPTION
The date utility writes the date and time to standard output or
attempts to set the system date and time. By default, the current date
and time is written.
Specifications of native language translations of month and weekday
names are supported. The month and weekday names used for a language
are based on the locale specified by the environment variable LC_TIME.
See environ(7).
The following is the default form for the C locale:
%a %b %e %T %Z %Y
For example,
Fri Dec 23 10:10:42 EST 1988
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-a [-]sss.fff
Slowly adjust the time by sss.fff seconds (fff represents fractions
of a second). This adjustment can be positive or negative. The sys‐
tem's clock is sped up or slowed down until it has drifted by the
number of seconds specified. The {PRIV_SYS_TIME} privilege is
required to adjust the time.
-u
Display (or set) the date in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC),
bypassing the normal conversion to (or from) local time.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
+format
If the argument begins with +, the output of date is the result of
passing format and the current time to strftime(). date uses the
conversion specifications listed on the strftime(3C) manual page,
with the conversion specification for %C determined by whether
/usr/bin/date or /usr/xpg4/bin/date is used:
/usr/bin/date Locale's date and time representation. This
is the default output for date.
/usr/xpg4/bin/date Century (a year divided by 100 and truncated
to an integer) as a decimal number [00-99].
Additionally, date supports %N which represents nanosecond portion
of the current time since Epoch (00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970) as
a decimal number [000000000-999999999]. The conversion specifica‐
tion accepts an optional flag character, an optional field width,
or both as specified in strftime() with a difference that, if a
field width specified is less than nine, the actual date output
contains only the specified amount of digits of the nanoseconds
from left.
The string is always terminated with a NEWLINE. An argument con‐
taining blanks must be quoted; see the EXAMPLES section.
mm
Month number
dd
Day number in the month
HH
Hour number (24 hour system)
MM
Minute number
SS
Second number
cc
Century (a year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer) as a
decimal number [00-99]. For example, cc is 19 for the year 1988 and
20 for the year 2007.
yy
Last two digits of the year number. If century (cc) is not speci‐
fied, then values in the range 69-99 shall refer to years 1969 to
1999 inclusive, and values in the range 00-68 shall refer to years
2000 to 2068, inclusive.
The month, day, year number, and century may be omitted; the current
values are applied as defaults. For example, the following entry:
example# date 10080045
sets the date to Oct 8, 12:45 a.m. The current year is the default
because no year is supplied. The system operates in UTC. date takes
care of the conversion to and from local standard and daylight time.
The {PRIV_SYS_TIME} privilege is required to change the date. After
successfully setting the date and time, date displays the new date
according to the default format. The date command uses TZ to determine
the correct time zone information; see environ(7).
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Generating Output
The following command:
example% date '+DATE: %m/%d/%y%nTIME:%H:%M:%S'
generates as output
DATE: 08/01/76
TIME: 14:45:05
Example 2 Setting the Current Time
The following command sets the current time to 12:34:56:
example# date 1234.56
Example 3 Setting Another Time and Date in UTC
The following command sets the date to January 1st, 12:30 am, 2000:
example# date -u 010100302000
This is displayed as:
Thu Jan 01 00:30:00 GMT 2000
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of date: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_TIME,
LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
TZ Determine the time zone in which the time and date are written,
unless the -u option is specified. If the TZ variable is not set
and the -u is not specified, the system default time zone is
used.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
/usr/bin/date
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ CSIEnabled
/usr/xpg4/bin/date
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/xopen/xcu4 _ CSIEnabled _ Interface
StabilityCommitted _ StandardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
strftime(3C), attributes(7), environ(7), privileges(7), standards(7)
DIAGNOSTICS
no permission You do not have the {PRIV_SYS_TIME} privilege and you
tried to change the date.
bad conversion The date set is syntactically incorrect.
NOTES
If you attempt to set the current date to one of the dates that the
standard and alternate time zones change (for example, the date that
daylight time is starting or ending), and you attempt to set the time
to a time in the interval between the end of standard time and the
beginning of the alternate time (or the end of the alternate time and
the beginning of standard time), the results are unpredictable.
Using the date command from within windowing environments to change the
date can lead to unpredictable results and is unsafe. It can also be
unsafe in the multi-user mode, that is, outside of a windowing system,
if the date is changed rapidly back and forth. The recommended method
of changing the date is 'date -a'.
Setting the system time or allowing the system time to progress beyond
03:14:07 UTC Jan 19, 2038 may cause undefined behavior in 32-bit pro‐
grams, the UFS filesystem, and other software that has not been
designed to work with values larger than allowed by a signed 32-bit
time_t.
HISTORY
Support for the %N conversion specifier was added to Oracle Solaris in
the Solaris 11.0.0 release.
The /usr/xpg4/bin/date command was added in the Solaris 2.5 release.
The date command, with support for the -a and -u options, has been
present in all Sun and Oracle releases of Solaris.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 3 Nov 2021 date(1)