svcadm(1M)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 1M 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
bootadm(8)
System Administration Commands bootadm(8)
NAME
bootadm - manage boot configuration
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/bootadm update-archive [-v] [-f | -n] [-R altroot]
/usr/sbin/bootadm list-archive [-vn] [-R altroot]
/usr/sbin/bootadm install-bootloader [-fv] [-P pool] [-R path]
[device1 ... deviceN]
/usr/sbin/bootadm boot-pool {
[{add|remove} [-P rpool] <device list>] |
list [-P rpool] |
resync [-P rpool] [-vA] [<BE_list>] |
set [-P rpool] <param>=<value> ... }
x86 only
/usr/sbin/bootadm install-bootloader [-BGMfrsv] [-P pool] [-R path]
[device1 ... deviceN]
/usr/sbin/bootadm set-menu [-P pool] [-R altroot]
{key=value [key=value ...]}
/usr/sbin/bootadm set-menu-password [-P pool] [-R altroot]
[-f <path to file>] | -s] | [-r] | [-l -t [-i entry_number] | -g]
/usr/sbin/bootadm list-menu [-P pool] [-R altroot]
[[-i entry_number] | entry_title]
/usr/sbin/bootadm generate-menu [-P pool] [-f]
/usr/sbin/bootadm show-entry [-P pool] <entry_name> | -i <index>
/usr/sbin/bootadm add-entry [-P pool] [-i entry_number] entry_title
/usr/sbin/bootadm change-entry [-P pool] {[entry_title[,entry_title...]
| -i entry_number[,entry_number]...]} {key=value [key=value ...]
| set-default }
/usr/sbin/bootadm remove-entry [-P pool] {[entry_title[,entry_title...]
| -i entry_number[,entry_number]...]}
DESCRIPTION
The bootadm command manages the boot archive and, with x86 boot envi‐
ronments, the GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader) menu. For x86, both
Legacy GRUB and GRUB2 are supported (but not concurrently).
The update-archive option provides a way for user to update the boot
archive as a preventative measure or as part of a recovery procedure.
The set-menu subcommand allows you to switch the auto-boot timeout and
default boot entry in the GRUB menu.
The set-menu-password subcommand sets the password to protect the GRUB
menu from being seen. To set, use -f <path to
file>; if -s is used, will prompt for the password
twice; -r removes the password; -l lists whether there is a global menu
password lock, and the menu entry userlist -l -t lists the menu entry
userlist in parsable output; if -l -t -i <entry number>, list the
userlist for that list of entry numbers in parsable output; if -l -t
-g, list whether there is a global menu password lock in parsable out‐
put.
The list-menu subcommand displays the current GRUB menu entries, or,
optionally, details about a specific entry identified by an index (if
-i is used) or a title string (if -i is omitted).
The install-bootloader subcommand installs the system bootloader. It
supersedes the functionality of supporting installation of GRUB2's
bootloader on x86.
When an active boot pool is present, bootable datasets are maintained,
each corresponding to one boot environment and storing that boot envi‐
ronment's bootable artifacts (such as the boot_archive (x64 and SPARC
platforms) and the UNIX kernel executable (x64 platforms only)). The
boot-pool subcommand allows an administrator to manage aspects of the
boot pool, including device membership (with the add/remove subcom‐
mands), manual synchronization of boot artifacts (with the resync sub‐
command), and setting boot pool attributes (with the set subcommand).
The generate-menu subcommand provides a way to create a new menu con‐
figuration file for Solaris entries. If boot loader configuration files
already exist, -f must be passed to force this subcommand to overwrite
those files.
The show-entry, add-entry, change-entry and remove-entry subcommands
provide options to show, add, change, or remove an entry from the GRUB
menu. The change-entry also provides options to add security protection
to an entry.
Note that OpenBoot PROM (OBP)-based machines, such as SPARC systems, do
not use GRUB and have no boot menu manageable by bootadm.
The bootadm command determines dynamically the options supported by the
image to be managed, so that bootadm invoked on one platform can be
used to manage diskless clients of a different platform type.
SUBCOMMANDS
For the subcommands that support specifying entry_title, entry_title is
a string that can be either double- or single-quoted.
An entry_number is a non-negative integer number representing the index
of the menu entry in the GRUB menu.
The bootadm command has the following subcommands:
update-archive [-v] [-f | -n] [-R altroot]
Updates current boot archive if required. Applies to both SPARC and
x86 platforms.
list-archive [-vn] [-R altroot]
Lists the files and directories to be included in the boot archive.
Applies to both SPARC and x86 platforms.
set-menu [-vn] [-R altroot] {key=value [key=value]...}
Maintain the GRUB menu. A space-separated list of key-value pairs
can be specified.
key=value
Possible values are:
default=entry_number
The entry number (for example, 0, 1, or 2) in the GRUB menu
designating the operating system to boot when the timer
expires.
timeout=seconds
The number of seconds before the operating system desig‐
nated by the default item number is booted. If the value is
-1, auto boot is disabled.
console=GRUB_console_type
Sets the type of console used for GRUB.
Possible values are:
'text'
Selects a high resolution console.
'graphics'
Selects a high resolution console which additionally
leads to graphical boot. If BIOS console redirection is
enabled, graphics must not be used to set console.
'serial'
Serial console for GRUB bootloader. Please see
serial_params below for specific settings of serial
parameters.
If BIOS console redirection is enabled, 'serial' must
not be used to set console.
When a system is installed by booting with a serial
console, that serial console will become the Oracle
Solaris' kernel default console device. However, GRUB's
console will not be changed to serial (it will be
'text').
[add|del]-user=<username>
Adds or deletes the username to the list of authorized user.
Will prompt for the password twice. Password is stored in
hashed form. Username does not have to be the same as the
Solaris username.
[auth-file]=<file path>
Adds username and password in <file
path> to the
list of authorized users. <file path> is a file with <user‐
name>=<password> pairs.
[add|del]-superuser=<username>
Adds or deletes username to the list of superusers. Username
must already exist in the list of authorized users.
serial_params='port[,speed[,databits[,parity[,stopbits[,flowcon‐
trol]]]]]'
Specifies the serial parameters for the serial console.
port is a number specifying the serial port number.
speed is a number specifying the data rate for the connection
in bits/second.
databits is the number of data bits in each character.
parity specifies the method for detecting transmission errors.
Possible values are:
o N for no parity
o O for odd parity
o E for even parity
Values for parity are not case-sensitive.
stopbits specifies the stop bit sent for the character trans‐
mission. Possible values are 0 or 1.
flowcontrol specifies the flow control. Possible values are:
o H for hardware flow control
o S for software flow control
o N for no flow control
If serial_params is not set, the default is:
0,9600,8,N,1,N
...which makes the first serial port (COM1), using 9600
bits/sec baud rate, no parity checking, with databits of 8 bits
per character, stop bit of 1, and no flow control to be the
default.
quiet
Specifies whether printing informative messages to the console
should be suppressed. By default its value is false.
Possible values are true or false.
splashimage
Specifies the path to the file used as an image to appear dur‐
ing boot.
foreground
Sets the foreground color. It is a string of hex values with a
format of RRGGBB, where RR is for Red, GG for Green and BB for
Blue.
background
Sets the background color. See foreground for possible values.
set-menu-password [-R altroot] [-f <path to file> | -s] [-r]
[-l -t [-i entry_number[,entry_number]...]|-g]
Sets and deletes the password to protect the GRUB menu from being
seen. Also, lists whether the entire GRUB menu password is set and
the userlist for each menu entry.
list-menu [-P pool] [-R altroot]
Lists the current GRUB menu entries. This includes the autoboot-
timeout, the default entry number, and the title of each entry.
Applies to x86 platforms only. If an entry title or entry index is
supplied, details about that specific entry are printed.
generate-menu [-P pool]
Create a new menu configuration that contains only the Solaris
entries currently installed on the system.
bootadm show-entry [-P pool] <entry_name> | -i <index>
Show the entry found by name <entry_name> or index from the menu.
Both entry_name and index may also be a comma-separated list of
entries/indices.
add-entry [-P pool] [-i entry_number] entry_title
Create a new entry in the menu with given entry title.
If entry_number is specified, the new entry will be inserted at the
given position, or added as the last entry if the given entry_num‐
ber is more than current number of entries.
change-entry [-P pool]
{[entry_title[,entry_title...] | -i entry_number[,entry_number]...]}
{ key=value [ key=value ...] | set-default }
Modify the contents of a given entry or a comma-separated list of
entries. An entry is specified either by an entry title or by an
entry number. If there are multiple entries with the same title,
all will be affected.
The special property, set-default, sets the entry to be the default
entry to boot from when the timer expires. Only one entry in the
subcommand can be specified when specifying this property.
A space separated list of key value pairs can be specified:
key=value
Possible values are:
title=entry_title
The new title for the entry (or entries).
kernel=path_to_kernel
Path to the kernel. Example:
/platform/i86pc/kernel/amd64/unix
kargs=kernel_arguments
Argument or a list of arguments passed to kernel during boot.
Please refer to kernel(8) for possible options. If there are
any spaces in the list, value of the key should be enclosed in
quotes or double quotes.
boot_archive=path_to_boot_archive
The path to the boot archive.
bootfs=bootfs
The bootfs property value. Please refer to zpool(8) for further
information.
[add|del]-auth=<username>
Grant or ungrant username the privilege to boot an entry title
or entry index.
remove-entry [-P pool] [{entry_title [,entry_title...] | -i entry_num‐
ber[,entry_number...]}
Remove a given entry or a comma-separated list of entries. If there
are multiple entries with the same specified title, all will be
removed.
install-bootloader [-BGMfrsv] [-P pool] [-R path] [device1 ... deviceN]
Install the system bootloader. If a list of devices is specified,
the bootloader will be installed only on the given devices. Other‐
wise, the bootloader will be installed on a list of devices that is
automatically extracted from system configuration.
The device is the name of a raw character device of a slice or par‐
tition on the disk on which the root file system resides.
x86 with legacy BIOS firmware only
By default, the bootloader and MBR are installed on the primary
boot disk. This is the same as specifying -M and -f (-fM).
To disable installation of the MBR, the -B option must be spec‐
ified.
To disable installation of bootloader, the -G option must be
specified.
x86 with UEFI firmware only
By default, the Secure Boot is disabled.
To install the Secure Boot, use the -s option.
To uninstall the Secure Boot, use the -r option.
Note -
After the uninstall operation, disable the Secure Boot in the
UEFI BIOS setup on reboot.
boot-pool {
[{add|remove} [-P rpool] <device list>] |
list [-P rpool] |
resync [-P rpool] [-vA] [<BE_list>] |
set [-P rpool] <param>=<value> ... }
The boot-pool subcommand manipulates the active boot pool (if the
system was installed with a boot pool enabled). Certain platform
define the set of devices that should be included in the boot pool.
Others may require the administrator to select a set of devices at
installation time to comprise the boot pool. After installation,
the set of devices in the boot pool can be changed and inspected,
and the behavior of the boot pool can be changed. Each device in
the boot pool will be automatically re-added to the pool if it is
faulted and subsequently replaced, so as long as the set of devices
in the boot pool is specified, no administrator interaction is
required when the pool is rebuilt when devices are replaced.
Each subcommand accepts the -P argument where a root pool can be
specifically selected.
If no -P argument is given, the root pool is derived from the pool
on which the root filesystem's dataset is located.
add [-P rpool] <device list>
Adds devices to the boot pool. Devices are added immediately.
It's essential that any system restart be deferred until the
newly-added devices are resilvered to ensure they can be inde‐
pendently bootable (since the boot pool is a mirror, the boot
loader is installed onto each device in the mirror AFTER the
resilvering process is complete.)
remove [-P rpool] <device list>
Removes devices from the boot pool immediately.
list [-P rpool]
Outputs details regarding the boot pool's configuration and
settings.
resync [-P rpool] [-vA] {<BE_list>}
Resynchronize the boot pool (rebuilding it, if necessary, using
the set of devices previously configured) and creates bootable
datasets on the boot pool for the specified boot environment(s)
(if any). Command options are as follows:
-A Repopulates the entire boot pool with the most recently
booted/created boot environments.
-v Verbose output during the resynchronization
set [-P rpool] <param>=<value> ...
Sets the specified boot pool parameter to the specified value.
The following parameter is supported:
eviction_algorithm
The eviction_algorithm can have either none or lru as its
value. By default, the value is set to lru.
When eviction_algorithm is set to none and a boot environ‐
ment's bootable files need to be copied to the boot pool,
if there is insufficient space on the boot pool, the copy
operation will fail. NOTE that the boot pool will not be
allowed to exceed 85% of its maximum capacity to ensure
maximum system performance.
When eviction_algorithm is set to lru, the bootable
datasets that correspond to the least recently-used boot
environments will be evicted until sufficient space exists
for the copy operation to succeed. Note that the noevict BE
policy (settable on a per-BE basis changes this behavior
and stops those BEs from being evicted (if enough BEs are
marked noevict, it's possible for bootable dataset creation
to fail, since the system would not be able to find enough
free space by evicting datasets.))
OPTIONS
The bootadm command has the following options:
-f
For update-archive, forces an update to the boot archive, even if
that archive is current.
In install-bootloader installation, forces the installation of the
bootloader and bypasses any versioning checks for not downgrading
the version of the bootloader on the system. This is the default
behavior.
-B [x86 systems with legacy BIOS firmware
only]
In install-bootloader operation on x86 systems with legacy BIOS
firmware, do not install the boot loader into the Master Boot
Record (MBR). The default is to install the boot loader into the
Master Boot Record (MBR), making it the system boot loader.
-G
For install-bootloader installation, do not install the bootloader.
Also, you must do versioning check for the bootloader on the sys‐
tem.
-i
Entry number or a list of comma-separated entry numbers to which to
apply the specified operation.
-M [x86 systems with legacy BIOS firmware only]
This is the default behavior in an install-bootloader operation on
x86 systems with legacy BIOS firmware. By default, install the boot
loader into the Master Boot Record (MBR), making it the system boot
loader. This option is obsolete and may be removed in a future
release.
-n
In an update-archive operation, archive content is checked but not
updated.
-P pool
The boot configuration associated with the specified pool to be
used. When this option is not used, the current pool from which the
system was booted is used for boot configuration.
-R altroot
Operation is applied to the path or alternate root path.
Note -
The root file system of any non-global zones must not be refer‐
enced with the -R option. Doing so might damage the global zone's
file system, might compromise the security of the global zone,
and might damage the non-global zone's file system. See zones(7).
-v verbose mode
In an update-archive operation, stale files are displayed on
stderr. In an install-bootloader operation, enables verbose mode to
print more information about the process.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Updating the Current Boot Archive
The following command updates the current boot archive:
# bootadm update-archive
Example 2 Updating the Boot Archive on an Alternate Root
The following command updates the boot archive on an alternate root:
# bootadm update-archive -R /a
Example 3 Switching Default Boot Entry
The following command refers to the menu displayed in the previous
example. The user selects Linux (item 2).
# bootadm set-menu default=2
or
# bootadm change-entry -i 2 set-default
Example 4 Listing GRUB Menu Entries
The following command lists the GRUB menu entries:
# bootadm list-menu
The location for the active GRUB menu is: /stubboot/boot/grub/menu.lst
default 0
timeout 10
0 Solaris10
1 Solaris10 failsafe
2 Linux
Example 5 Showing a Menu Entry
The following command shows the information of a menu entry with the
title "Solaris10".
# bootadm show-entry "Solaris10"
The following command shows the information of entries at position 0
and 2 in the GRUB menu.
# bootadm show-entry -i 0,2
Example 6 Adding and Changing a Menu Entry
The following command adds a menu entry with the title "New Solaris
Entry" at position 8 in the GRUB menu.
# bootadm add-entry -i 8 "New Solaris Entry"
The following command changes the just-added entry with the kernel
argument of -s to boot into level s.
# bootadm change-entry "New Solaris Entry" kargs="-s"
Example 7 Installing Bootloader on a Second Root Pool
The following command installs the bootloader on the pool secondrpool.
# bootadm install-bootloader -P secondrpool
Example 8 Setting Foreground and Background Color
The following command sets the foreground color to be red and the back‐
ground color to blue.
# bootadm set-menu splashimage=/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz \
foreground=ff0000 background=0000ff
Example 9 Showing information about the active boot pool
# bootadm boot-pool list
Boot pool name: bpool
Parameters: eviction_algorithm=lru
Current: /dev/dsk/c1t0d0, /dev/dsk/c1t1d0
Pending: /dev/dsk/c1t0d0, /dev/dsk/c1t1d0
Platform-specified devices excluded: /dev/dsk/c1t2d0
Platform-specified (auto-added, unless excluded): /dev/dsk/c1t0d0,
In this example, the platform has specified three boot pool devices,
but the system is using only two of them. The list of current boot pool
devices is identical to the list of pending boot pool devices, so no
boot pool membership changes are pending. Note that if there is no
active boot pool, the following output would have been returned:
bootadm: Boot pool operations are not applicable to root pool rpool.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 The command completed successfully.
1 The command exited due to an error.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ Interface StabilityCommit‐
ted
NOTES
bootadm defaults to /var/tmp to store temporary files, regardless of
TMPDIR settings.
SEE ALSO
attributes(7), grub(7), boot(8), kernel(8), zpool(8)
https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
Oracle Solaris 11.4 27 Nov 2017 bootadm(8)