curs_addch(3x) 맨 페이지 - 윈디하나의 솔라나라

개요

섹션
맨 페이지 이름
검색(S)

curs_addch(3x)

curs_addch(3x)                                                  curs_addch(3x)



NAME
       addch, waddch, mvaddch, mvwaddch, echochar, wechochar - add a character
       (with attributes) to a curses window, then advance the cursor

SYNOPSIS
       #include <ncursesw/curses.h>

       int addch(const chtype ch);
       int waddch(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);
       int mvaddch(int y, int x, const chtype ch);
       int mvwaddch(WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const chtype ch);

       int echochar(const chtype ch);
       int wechochar(WINDOW *win, const chtype ch);

DESCRIPTION
   Adding characters
       The addch, waddch, mvaddch and mvwaddch routines put the  character  ch
       into  the  given  window  at its current window position, which is then
       advanced.  They are  analogous  to  putchar(3)  in  stdio(3).   If  the
       advance is at the right margin:

       ·   The cursor automatically wraps to the beginning of the next line.

       ·   At  the  bottom of the current scrolling region, and if scrollok is
           enabled, the scrolling region is scrolled up one line.

       ·   If scrollok is not enabled, writing a character at the lower  right
           margin  succeeds.   However, an error is returned because it is not
           possible to wrap to a new line

       If ch is a tab, newline, carriage return or backspace,  the  cursor  is
       moved appropriately within the window:

       ·   Backspace  moves the cursor one character left; at the left edge of
           a window it does nothing.

       ·   Carriage return moves the cursor to the window left margin  on  the
           current line.

       ·   Newline  does  a clrtoeol, then moves the cursor to the window left
           margin on the next line, scrolling the window if on the last line.

       ·   Tabs are considered to be at every eighth column.  The tab interval
           may be altered by setting the TABSIZE variable.

       If  ch  is  any  other nonprintable character, it is drawn in printable
       form, i.e., the ^X notation used by unctrl(3X).   Calling  winch  after
       adding  a  nonprintable character does not return the character itself,
       but instead returns the printable representation of the character.

       Video attributes can be combined with a character  argument  passed  to
       addch  or  related  functions by logical-ORing them into the character.
       (Thus, text, including attributes, can be  copied  from  one  place  to
       another using inch(3X) and addch.)  See the curs_attr(3X) page for val‐
       ues of predefined video attribute constants that can be usefully  OR'ed
       into characters.

   Echoing characters
       The  echochar  and wechochar routines are equivalent to a call to addch
       followed by a call to refresh(3X), or a call to waddch  followed  by  a
       call  to wrefresh.  The knowledge that only a single character is being
       output is used and, for non-control characters, a considerable  perfor‐
       mance gain may be seen by using these routines instead of their equiva‐
       lents.

   Line Graphics
       The following variables may be used to add line drawing  characters  to
       the  screen  with  routines of the addch family.  The default character
       listed below is used if the acsc capability does not define a terminal-
       specific  replacement  for it, or if the terminal and locale configura‐
       tion requires Unicode but the library is unable to use Unicode.

       The names are taken from VT100 nomenclature.

       l  l  l  l  l  l  l  l  _  _  _  _  l  l  l  l.    ACS  ACS  acsc Glyph
       Name Default   char Name    ACS_BLOCK #    0    solid    square   block
       ACS_BOARD #    h    board  of  squares  ACS_BTEE  +    v    bottom  tee
       ACS_BULLET     o    ~    bullet  ACS_CKBOARD    :    a    checker board
       (stipple)      ACS_DARROW     v    .    arrow       pointing       down
       ACS_DEGREE     '    f    degree symbol ACS_DIAMOND    +    `    diamond
       ACS_GEQUAL     >    >    greater-than-or-equal-to
       ACS_HLINE -    q    horizontal   line  ACS_LANTERN    #    i    lantern
       symbol       ACS_LARROW     <    ,    arrow        pointing        left
       ACS_LEQUAL     <    y    less-than-or-equal-to
       ACS_LLCORNER   +    m    lower             left-hand             corner
       ACS_LRCORNER   +    j    lower             right-hand            corner
       ACS_LTEE  +    t    left     tee     ACS_NEQUAL     !    |    not-equal
       ACS_PI    *    {    greek     pi    ACS_PLMINUS    #    g    plus/minus
       ACS_PLUS  +    n    plus ACS_RARROW     >    +    arrow pointing  right
       ACS_RTEE  +    u    right    tee    ACS_S1    -    o    scan   line   1
       ACS_S3    -    p    scan  line  3   ACS_S7    -    r    scan   line   7
       ACS_S9    _    s    scan line 9 ACS_STERLING   f    }    pound-sterling
       symbol   ACS_TTEE  +    w    top   tee   ACS_UARROW     ^    -    arrow
       pointing    up    ACS_ULCORNER   +    l    upper    left-hand    corner
       ACS_URCORNER   +    k    upper            right-hand             corner
       ACS_VLINE |    x    vertical line

RETURN VALUE
       All routines return the integer ERR upon failure and OK on success (the
       SVr4 manuals specify only “an integer value other than ERR”) upon  suc‐
       cessful  completion,  unless  otherwise  noted in the preceding routine
       descriptions.

       Functions with a “mv” prefix first  perform  a  cursor  movement  using
       wmove, and return an error if the position is outside the window, or if
       the window pointer is null.

       If it is not  possible  to  add  a  complete  character,  an  error  is
       returned:

       ·   If  scrollok is not enabled, writing a character at the lower right
           margin succeeds.  However, an error is returned because it  is  not
           possible to wrap to a new line

       ·   If  an error is detected when converting a multibyte character to a
           sequence of bytes, or if it is not  possible  to  add  all  of  the
           resulting bytes in the window, an error is returned.


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:


       box; cbp-1 | cbp-1 l | l .  ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE = Availabil‐
       ity   library/ncurses = Stability Uncommitted


NOTES
       Note that addch, mvaddch, mvwaddch, and echochar may be macros.

       Source code for open source software components in Oracle  Solaris  can
       be found at https://www.oracle.com/downloads/opensource/solaris-source-
       code-downloads.html.

       This    software    was    built    from    source     available     at
       https://github.com/oracle/solaris-userland.    The  original  community
       source   was    downloaded    from     https://invisible-mirror.net/ar‐
       chives/ncurses/ncurses-6.3.tar.gz.

       Further information about this software can be found on the open source
       community website at https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/.

PORTABILITY
       All these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue  4.
       The  defaults specified for forms-drawing characters apply in the POSIX
       locale.

   ACS Symbols
       X/Open Curses states that the ACS_ definitions are char constants.  For
       the  wide-character implementation (see curs_add_wch), there are analo‐
       gous WACS_ definitions which are cchar_t constants.   Some  implementa‐
       tions are problematic:

       ·   Some  implementations define the ACS symbols to a constant (such as
           Solaris), while others define those to entries in an array.

           This implementation uses an array acs_map, as done in SVr4  curses.
           NetBSD also uses an array, actually named _acs_char, with a #define
           for compatibility.

       ·   HPUX curses equates some of the ACS_ symbols to the analogous WACS_
           symbols  as  if  the ACS_ symbols were wide characters.  The misde‐
           fined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are  not  used
           for line-drawing.

       ·   X/Open  Curses  (issues  2 through 7) has a typographical error for
           the ACS_LANTERN symbol, equating its “VT100+ Character” to I (capi‐
           tal  I),  while  the  header  files for SVr4 curses and the various
           implementations use i (lowercase).

           None of the terminal descriptions on Unix platforms use  uppercase-
           I,  except for Solaris (i.e., screen's terminal description, appar‐
           ently based on the X/Open documentation around 1995).  On the other
           hand,  the terminal description gs6300 (AT&T PC6300 with EMOTS Ter‐
           minal Emulator) uses lowercase-i.

       Some ACS  symbols  (ACS_S3,  ACS_S7,  ACS_LEQUAL,  ACS_GEQUAL,  ACS_PI,
       ACS_NEQUAL,  ACS_STERLING) were not documented in any publicly released
       System V.  However, many  publicly  available  terminfos  include  acsc
       strings  in  which  their  key characters (pryz{|}) are embedded, and a
       second-hand list of their character descriptions  has  come  to  light.
       The ACS-prefixed names for them were invented for ncurses(3X).

       The displayed values for the ACS_ and WACS_ constants depend on

       ·   the library configuration, i.e., ncurses versus ncursesw, where the
           latter is capable of displaying Unicode while the  former  is  not,
           and

       ·   whether the locale uses UTF-8 encoding.

       In  certain cases, the terminal is unable to display line-drawing char‐
       acters except by using UTF-8 (see the discussion of NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS
       in ncurses(3X)).

   Character Set
       X/Open  Curses  assumes  that the parameter passed to waddch contains a
       single character.  As discussed in curs_attr(3X),  that  character  may
       have  been  more than eight bits in an SVr3 or SVr4 implementation, but
       in the X/Open Curses model, the details are not given.   The  important
       distinction between SVr4 curses and X/Open Curses is that the non-char‐
       acter information (attributes and color) was separated from the charac‐
       ter information which is packed in a chtype to pass to waddch.

       In  this  implementation,  chtype  holds  an  eight-bit character.  But
       ncurses allows multibyte characters to be passed  in  a  succession  of
       calls  to  waddch.  The other implementations do not do this; a call to
       waddch passes exactly one character which may be  rendered  as  one  or
       more cells on the screen depending on whether it is printable.

       Depending  on the locale settings, ncurses will inspect the byte passed
       in each call to waddch, and check if the latest call  will  continue  a
       multibyte sequence.  When a character is complete, ncurses displays the
       character and moves to the next position in the screen.

       If the calling application interrupts the  succession  of  bytes  in  a
       multibyte character by moving the current location (e.g., using wmove),
       ncurses discards the partially built character, starting over again.

       For portability to other implementations, do not rely upon this  behav‐
       ior:

       ·   check  if  a  character  can be represented as a single byte in the
           current locale before attempting call waddch, and

       ·   call wadd_wch for characters which cannot be handled by waddch.

   TABSIZE
       The TABSIZE variable is implemented  in  SVr4  and  other  versions  of
       curses,  but  is  not part of X/Open curses (see curs_variables(3X) for
       more details).

       If ch is a carriage return, the cursor is moved to the beginning of the
       current  row of the window.  This is true of other implementations, but
       is not documented.

SEE ALSO
       curses(3X),  curs_attr(3X),  curs_clear(3X),  curs_inch(3X),  curs_out‐
       opts(3X), curs_refresh(3X), curs_variables(3X), putc(3).

       Comparable  functions  in  the  wide-character  (ncursesw)  library are
       described in curs_add_wch(3X).




                                                                curs_addch(3x)
맨 페이지 내용의 저작권은 맨 페이지 작성자에게 있습니다.
RSS ATOM XHTML 5 CSS3