svcadm(1M)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 1M 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
curs_add_wch(3x)
curs_add_wch(3x)curs_add_wch(3x)
NAME
add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, echo_wchar, wecho_wchar - add
a complex character and rendition to a curses window, then advance the
cursor
SYNOPSIS
#include <ncursesw/curses.h>
int add_wch( const cchar_t *wch );
int wadd_wch( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch );
int mvadd_wch( int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch );
int mvwadd_wch( WINDOW *win, int y, int x, const cchar_t *wch );
int echo_wchar( const cchar_t *wch );
int wecho_wchar( WINDOW *win, const cchar_t *wch );
DESCRIPTION
add_wch
The add_wch, wadd_wch, mvadd_wch, and mvwadd_wch functions put the com‐
plex character wch into the given window at its current position, which
is then advanced. These functions perform wrapping and special-charac‐
ter processing as follows:
· If wch refers to a spacing character, then any previous character
at that location is removed. A new character specified by wch is
placed at that location with rendition specified by wch. The cur‐
sor then advances to the next spacing character on the screen.
· If wch refers to a non-spacing character, all previous characters
at that location are preserved. The non-spacing characters of wch
are added to the spacing complex character, and the rendition spec‐
ified by wch is ignored.
· If the character part of wch is a tab, newline, backspace or other
control character, the window is updated and the cursor moves as if
addch were called.
echo_wchar
The echo_wchar function is functionally equivalent to a call to add_wch
followed by a call to refresh(3X). Similarly, the wecho_wchar is func‐
tionally equivalent to a call to wadd_wch followed by a call to wre‐
fresh. The knowledge that only a single character is being output is
taken into consideration and, for non-control characters, a consider‐
able performance gain might be seen by using the *echo* functions
instead of their equivalents.
Line Graphics
Like addch(3X), addch_wch accepts symbols which make it simple to draw
lines and other frequently used special characters. These symbols cor‐
respond to the same VT100 line-drawing set as addch(3X).
l l l l l l l l l l _ _ _ _ _ lw(1.5i) lw5 lw5 lw5 lw20. ACS Uni‐
code ASCII acsc Glyph Name Default Default char Name
WACS_BLOCK 0x25ae # 0 solid square block
WACS_BOARD 0x2592 # h board of squares WACS_BTEE 0x2534
+ v bottom tee WACS_BULLET 0x00b7 o ~ bullet
WACS_CKBOARD 0x2592 : a checker board (stipple) WACS_DAR‐
ROW 0x2193 v . arrow pointing down WACS_DEGREE 0x00b0
' f degree symbol WACS_DIAMOND 0x25c6 + ` diamond
WACS_GEQUAL 0x2265 > > greater-than-or-equal-to
WACS_HLINE 0x2500 - q horizontal line WACS_LANTERN 0x2603
# i lantern symbol WACS_LARROW 0x2190 < , arrow
pointing left WACS_LEQUAL 0x2264 < y less-than-or-equal-to
WACS_LLCORNER 0x2514 + m lower left-hand corner
WACS_LRCORNER 0x2518 + j lower right-hand corner
WACS_LTEE 0x2524 + t left tee WACS_NEQUAL 0x2260
! | not-equal WACS_PI 0x03c0 * { greek pi
WACS_PLMINUS 0x00b1 # g plus/minus WACS_PLUS 0x253c
+ n plus WACS_RARROW 0x2192 > + arrow pointing
right WACS_RTEE 0x251c + u right tee WACS_S1 0x23ba
- o scan line 1 WACS_S3 0x23bb - p scan line 3
WACS_S7 0x23bc - r scan line 7 WACS_S9 0x23bd
_ s scan line 9 WACS_STERLING 0x00a3 f } pound-ster‐
ling symbol WACS_TTEE 0x252c + w top tee WACS_UARROW 0x2191
^ - arrow pointing up WACS_ULCORNER 0x250c + l upper
left-hand corner WACS_URCORNER 0x2510 + k upper right-hand
corner WACS_VLINE 0x2502 | x vertical line
The wide-character configuration of ncurses also defines symbols for
thick lines (acsc “J” to “V”):
l l l l l l l l l l _ _ _ _ _ lw(1.5i) lw5 lw5 lw5 lw20. ACS Uni‐
code ASCII acsc Glyph Name Default Default char Name
WACS_T_BTEE 0x253b + V thick tee pointing up
WACS_T_HLINE 0x2501 - Q thick horizontal line
WACS_T_LLCORNER 0x2517 + M thick lower left corner
WACS_T_LRCORNER 0x251b + J thick lower right corner
WACS_T_LTEE 0x252b + T thick tee pointing right
WACS_T_PLUS 0x254b + N thick large plus
WACS_T_RTEE 0x2523 + U thick tee pointing left
WACS_T_TTEE 0x2533 + W thick tee pointing down
WACS_T_ULCORNER 0x250f + L thick upper left corner
WACS_T_URCORNER 0x2513 + K thick upper right corner
WACS_T_VLINE 0x2503 | X thick vertical line
and for double-lines (acsc “A” to “I”):
l l l l l l l l l l _ _ _ _ _ lw(1.5i) lw5 lw5 lw5 lw20. ACS Uni‐
code ASCII acsc Glyph Name Default Default char Name
WACS_D_BTEE 0x2569 + H double tee pointing up
WACS_D_HLINE 0x2550 - R double horizontal line
WACS_D_LLCORNER 0x255a + D double lower left corner
WACS_D_LRCORNER 0x255d + A double lower right corner
WACS_D_LTEE 0x2560 + F double tee pointing right
WACS_D_PLUS 0x256c + E double large plus
WACS_D_RTEE 0x2563 + G double tee pointing left
WACS_D_TTEE 0x2566 + I double tee pointing down
WACS_D_ULCORNER 0x2554 + C double upper left corner
WACS_D_URCORNER 0x2557 + B double upper right corner
WACS_D_VLINE 0x2551 | Y double vertical line
Unicode's descriptions for these characters differs slightly from
ncurses, by introducing the term “light” (along with less important
details). Here are its descriptions for the normal, thick, and double
horizontal lines:
· U+2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
· U+2501 BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL
· U+2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL
RETURN VALUE
All routines return the integer ERR upon failure and OK on success.
X/Open does not define any error conditions. This implementation
returns an error
· if the window pointer is null or
· if it is not possible to add a complete character in the window.
The latter may be due to different causes:
· If scrollok is not enabled, writing a character at the lower right
margin succeeds. However, an error is returned because it is not
possible to wrap to a new line
· If an error is detected when converting a multibyte character to a
sequence of bytes, or if it is not possible to add all of the
resulting bytes in the window, an error is returned.
Functions with a “mv” prefix first perform a cursor movement using
wmove, and return an error if the position is outside the window, or if
the window pointer is null.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
box; cbp-1 | cbp-1 l | l . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE = Availabil‐
ity library/ncurses = Stability Uncommitted
NOTES
Note that add_wch, mvadd_wch, mvwadd_wch, and echo_wchar may be macros.
Source code for open source software components in Oracle Solaris can
be found at https://www.oracle.com/downloads/opensource/solaris-source-
code-downloads.html.
This software was built from source available at
https://github.com/oracle/solaris-userland. The original community
source was downloaded from https://invisible-mirror.net/ar‐
chives/ncurses/ncurses-6.3.tar.gz.
Further information about this software can be found on the open source
community website at https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/.
PORTABILITY
All of these functions are described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue
4. The defaults specified for line-drawing characters apply in the
POSIX locale.
X/Open Curses makes it clear that the WACS_ symbols should be defined
as a pointer to cchar_t data, e.g., in the discussion of border_set. A
few implementations are problematic:
· NetBSD curses defines the symbols as a wchar_t within a cchar_t.
· HPUX curses equates some of the ACS_ symbols to the analogous WACS_
symbols as if the ACS_ symbols were wide characters. The misde‐
fined symbols are the arrows and other symbols which are not used
for line-drawing.
X/Open Curses does not define symbols for thick- or double-lines. SVr4
curses implementations defined their line-drawing symbols in terms of
intermediate symbols. This implementation extends those symbols, pro‐
viding new definitions which are not in the SVr4 implementations.
Not all Unicode-capable terminals provide support for VT100-style
alternate character sets (i.e., the acsc capability), with their corre‐
sponding line-drawing characters. X/Open Curses did not address the
aspect of integrating Unicode with line-drawing characters. Existing
implementations of Unix curses (AIX, HPUX, Solaris) use only the acsc
character-mapping to provide this feature. As a result, those imple‐
mentations can only use single-byte line-drawing characters. Ncurses
5.3 (2002) provided a table of Unicode values to solve these problems.
NetBSD curses incorporated that table in 2010.
In this implementation, the Unicode values are used instead of the ter‐
minal description's acsc mapping as discussed in ncurses(3X) for the
environment variable NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS. In contrast, for the same
cases, the line-drawing characters described in curs_addch(3X) will use
only the ASCII default values.
Having Unicode available does not solve all of the problems with line-
drawing for curses:
· The closest Unicode equivalents to the VT100 graphics S1, S3, S7
and S9 frequently are not displayed at the regular intervals which
the terminal used.
· The lantern is a special case. It originated with the AT&T 4410
terminal in the early 1980s. There is no accessible documentation
depicting the lantern symbol on the AT&T terminal.
Lacking documentation, most readers assume that a storm lantern was
intended. But there are several possibilities, all with problems.
Unicode 6.0 (2010) does provide two lantern symbols: U+1F383 and
U+1F3EE. Those were not available in 2002, and are irrelevant
since they lie outside the BMP and as a result are not generally
available in terminals. They are not storm lanterns, in any case.
Most storm lanterns have a tapering glass chimney (to guard against
tipping); some have a wire grid protecting the chimney.
For the tapering appearance, ☃ U+2603 was adequate. In use on a
terminal, no one can tell what the image represents. Unicode calls
it a snowman.
Others have suggested these alternatives: § U+00A7 (section mark),
Θ U+0398 (theta), Φ U+03A6 (phi), δ U+03B4 (delta), ⌧ U+2327 (x in
a rectangle), ╬ U+256C (forms double vertical and horizontal), and
☒ U+2612 (ballot box with x).
SEE ALSO
curses(3X), curs_addch(3X), curs_attr(3X), curs_clear(3X), curs_out‐
opts(3X), curs_refresh(3X), putwc(3)curs_add_wch(3x)