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socket.h(3head)
socket.h(3HEAD) Headers socket.h(3HEAD)
NAME
socket.h, socket, sockaddr - sockets API header and structures
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/socket.h>
DESCRIPTION
The <sys/socket.h> header provides definitions and declarations for the
sockets interfaces for inter-process and network communications.
Depending on the feature test macros defined, these may be either stan‐
dards-conforming or historical versions of the interfaces, as described
in the following sections.
Common Interfaces
These interfaces are always available, regardless of whether
__USE_SUNOS_SOCKETS__ is defined.
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the unsigned integral types
sa_family_t and socklen_t through typedef.
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the sockaddr structure to hold a
socket address, which includes the following members:
struct sockaddr {
sa_family_t sa_family; /* address family */
char sa_data[]; /* socket address */
};
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the sockaddr_storage structure, which
is large enough to accommodate all supported protocol-specific address
structures, and aligned at an appropriate boundary so that pointers to
it can be cast as pointers to protocol-specific address structures and
used to access the fields of those structures without alignment prob‐
lems. The sockaddr_storage structure contains a member:
struct sockaddr {
sa_family_t ss_family; /* address family */
[...]
};
which may be used to determine what type of socket address the struc‐
ture should be cast to in order to interpret the address data.
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the linger structure that includes
the following members:
struct linger {
int l_onoff; /* indicates whether linger option is enabled */
int l_linger; /* linger time, in seconds */
};
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros:
SOCK_DGRAM Datagram socket
SOCK_RAW Raw protocol interface
SOCK_STREAM Byte-stream socket
SOCK_SEQPACKET Sequenced-packet socket
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros for use as the
level argument of setsockopt() and getsockopt().
SOL_SOCKET Options to be accessed at the socket level, not the pro‐
tocol level.
SOL_ROUTE Options to be accessed at the routing socket level, not
the protocol level.
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros for use as the
option_name argument of getsockopt() or setsockopt() calls:
SO_ACCEPTCONN Socket is accepting connections.
SO_BROADCAST Transmission of broadcast messages is supported.
SO_DEBUG Debugging information is being recorded.
SO_DONTROUTE Bypass normal routing for outgoing messages
SO_ERROR Socket error status.
SO_KEEPALIVE Connections are kept alive with periodic messages.
SO_LINGER Socket lingers on close.
SO_OOBINLINE Out-of-band data is transmitted in line.
SO_RCVBUF Receive buffer size.
SO_RCVLOWAT Receive "low water mark".
SO_RCVTIMEO Receive timeout.
SO_REUSEADDR Reuse of local addresses is supported.
SO_SNDBUF Send buffer size.
SO_SNDLOWAT Send "low water mark".
SO_SNDTIMEO Send timeout.
SO_TYPE Socket type.
The <sys/socket.h> header also defines the following macros as exten‐
sions to the standard for use as the option_name argument of getsock‐
opt() or setsockopt() calls:
SO_ALLZONES
Bypass zone boundaries (privileged).
SO_DOMAIN
Get the domain used in the socket (get only)
SO_FLOW_NAME
Make the socket a flow filter of the specified MAC flow.
It is applicable to TCP/UDP PF_INET/PF_INET6 sockets. Requires
PRIV_SYS_FLOW_CONFIG privilege.
SO_FLOW_SLA
Set per socket service level properties: priority and bandwidth
limit.
It is applicable to TCP/UDP PF_INET/PF_INET6 sockets. Requires
PRIV_SYS_FLOW_CONFIG privilege.
SO_MAC_EXEMPT
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) exemption for unlabeled peers. This
option is available only if the system is configured with Trusted
Extensions.
SO_NOSIGPIPE
Control whether this specific socket only returns EPIPE on write
when the socket is disconnected, or whether a SIGPIPE signal is
also sent.
SO_PASSIVE_CONNECT
Modify connect(3C) to wait for connection request from a peer
instead of initiating a connection request to it. It is applicable
to TCP/SCTP PF_INET/PF_INET6 socket.
SO_PROTOTYPE
For socket in domains PF_INET and PF_INET6, get the underlying pro‐
tocol number used in the socket. For socket in domain PF_ROUTE, get
the address family used in the socket.
SO_RECVUCRED
Request the reception of user credential ancillary data, as
described for the SCM_UCRED value of cmsg_type below. This is a
Solaris-specific, Committed interface. This is only valid for sock‐
ets of type SOCK_DGRAM. See ucred_get(3C).
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following symbolic constant for
use as the maximum backlog queue length which may be specified by the
backlog argument to the listen() function:
SOMAXCONN The maximum backlog queue length.
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros for use as the
valid values for the msg_flags field in the msghdr structure, or the
flags parameter in recvfrom(), recvmsg(), recvmmsg(), sendto(),
sendmsg(), or sendmmsg() calls:
MSG_CTRUNC Control data truncated.
MSG_EOR Terminates a record (if supported by the protocol).
MSG_OOB Out-of-band data.
MSG_PEEK Leave received data in queue.
MSG_TRUNC Normal data truncated.
MSG_WAITALL Wait for complete message.
MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC Atomically set the FD_CLOEXEC flag on any file
descriptors created via SCM_RIGHTS during
recvmsg().
MSG_CMSG_CLOFORK Atomically set the FD_CLOFORK flag on any file
descriptors created via SCM_RIGHTS during
recvmsg().
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros:
AF_INET Internet domain sockets for use with IPv4 addresses.
AF_INET6 Internet domain sockets for use with IPv6 addresses.
AF_UNIX UNIX domain sockets.
AF_UNSPEC Unspecified socket type.
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros for use as the
how argument to the shutdown(3C) function:
SHUT_RD Disables further receive operations.
SHUT_WR Disables further send operations.
SHUT_RDWR Disables further send and receive operations.
Standard Interfaces
These interfaces are available to XPG4v2 standard-conforming applica‐
tions. See standards(7).
By default, when __USE_SUNOS_SOCKETS__ is not defined, and when POSIX
conformance is requested by defining _XOPEN_SOURCE=500 or higher, the
<sys/socket.h> header defines the msghdr structure to include the fol‐
lowing members:
struct msghdr {
void * msg_name; /* optional address */
socklen_t msg_namelen; /* size of address */
struct iovec * msg_iov; /* scatter/gather array */
int msg_iovlen; /* members in msg_iov */
void * msg_control; /* ancillary data, see below */
socklen_t msg_controllen; /* ancillary data buffer len */
int msg_flags; /* flags on received message */
};
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the cmsghdr structure to include the
following members:
struct cmsghdr {
socklen_t cmsg_len /* data byte count, including hdr */
int cmsg_level /* originating protocol */
int cmsg_type /* protocol-specific type */
};
Ancillary data consists of a sequence of pairs, each consisting of a
cmsghdr structure followed by a data array. The data array contains the
ancillary data message, and the cmsghdr structure contains descriptive
information that allows an application to correctly parse the data.
The values for cmsg_level will be legal values for the level argument
to the getsockopt() and setsockopt() functions.
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros for use as the
cmsg_type values when cmsg_level is SOL_SOCKET.
SCM_RIGHTS
Indicates that the data array contains the access rights to be sent
or received.
SCM_UCRED
Indicates that the data array contains a ucred_t to be received.
The ucred_t is the credential of the sending process at the time
the message was sent. The size is variable but never larger than
the value returned by ucred_size(3C). This is a Solaris-specific,
Committed interface. See ucred_get(3C).
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros for use as the
cmsg_type values when cmsg_level is IPPROTO_IP. The IPv4 data formats
generally use the same values for data passed back in cmsghdr as for
setsockopt() to enable the feature. The IPv4 data formats are listed
below with the associated payload for each.
IP_RECVDSTADDR ipaddr_t, IP address
IP_RECVOPTS variable-length IP options, up to 40 bytes
IP_RECVIF uint_t, ifIndex number
IP_RECVSLLA struct sockaddr_dl, link layer address
IP_RECVTTL uint8_t
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros for use as the
cmsg_type values when cmsg_level is IPPROTO_IPV6. The IPv6 data formats
use different values for enabling the option and for passing the value
back to the application. The IPv6 data formats are listed below with
the associated payload for each.
IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
in_pktinfo, cmsg_type IPV6_PKTINFO
IPV6_RECVTCLASS
uint_t, cmsg_type IPV6_TCLASS
IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
ip6_mtuinfo, cmsg_type IPV6_PATHMTU
IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
uint_t, cmsg_type IPV6_HOPLIMIT
IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS
variable-length IPv6 options, cmsg_type IPV6_HOPOPTS
IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
variable-length IPv6 options, cmsg_type IPV6_DSTOPTS
IPV6_RECVRTHDR
variable-length IPv6 options, cmsg_type IPV6_RTHDR
IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS
variable-length IPv6 options, cmsg_type IPV6_DSTOPTS
The <sys/socket.h> header defines the following macros to gain access
to the data arrays in the ancillary data associated with a message
header:
CMSG_DATA(cmsg)
If the argument is a pointer to a cmsghdr structure, this macro
returns an unsigned character pointer to the data array associated
with the cmsghdr structure.
CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cmsg)
If the first argument is a pointer to a msghdr structure and the
second argument is a pointer to a cmsghdr structure in the ancil‐
lary data, pointed to by the msg_control field of that msghdr
structure, this macro returns a pointer to the next cmsghdr struc‐
ture, or a null pointer if this structure is the last cmsghdr in
the ancillary data.
CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr)
If the argument is a pointer to a msghdr structure, this macro
returns a pointer to the first cmsghdr structure in the ancillary
data associated with this msghdr structure, or a null pointer if
there is no ancillary data associated with the msghdr structure.
CMSG_SPACE(len)
Given the length of an ancillary data object, CMSG_SPACE() returns
the space required by the object and its cmsghdr structure, includ‐
ing any padding needed to satisfy alignment requirements. This
macro can be used, for example, to allocate space dynamically for
the ancillary data. This macro should not be used to initialize the
cmsg_len member of a cmsghdr structure. Use the CMSG_LEN() macro
instead.
CMSG_LEN(len)
Given the length of an ancillary data object, CMSG_LEN() returns
the value to store in the cmsg_len member of the cmsghdr structure,
taking into account any padding needed to satisfy alignment
requirements.
Historical Interfaces
For applications that are written to use the old SunOS4.x (BSD 4.3)
style sockets, __USE_SUNOS_SOCKETS__ must be defined before including
<sys/socket.h>, as in:
cc -D__USE_SUNOS_SOCKETS__ ...
#include <sys/socket.h>
In this case, the <sys/socket.h> header defines the msghdr structure to
include the following members rather than the POSIX standard version
described above:
void *msg_name /* optional address */
socklen_t msg_namelen /* size of address */
struct iovec *msg_iov /* scatter/gather array */
int msg_iovlen /* # elements in msg_iov */
caddr_t msg_accrights /* access rights sent/received */
int msg_accrightslen /*access rights buffer len */
The msg_name and msg_namelen parameters specify the destination address
when the socket is unconnected. The msg_name can be specified as a NULL
pointer if no names are desired or required. The msg_iov and msg_iovlen
parameters describe the scatter-gather locations, as described in
read(2). The msg_accrights parameter specifies the buffer in which
access rights sent along with the message are received. The
msg_accrightslen specifies the length of the buffer.
When __USE_SUNOS_SOCKETS__ is defined before including <sys/socket.h>,
none of the CMSG_*() macros are defined.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ StandardSee stan‐
dards(7).
SEE ALSO
accept(3C), accept4(3C), bind(3C), connect(3C), getpeername(3C),
getpeerucred(3C), getsockname(3C), getsockopt(3C), listen(3C),
recv(3C), recvfrom(3C), recvmsg(3C), recvmmsg(3C), send(3C),
sendmsg(3C), sendmmsg(3C), sendto(3C), setsockopt(3C), shutdown(3C),
sockatmark(3C), socket(3C), socketpair(3C), ucred_get(3C),
attributes(7), standards(7)
Gilligan, R. RFC 3493, Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6. Net‐
work Working Group. February 2003. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3493
HISTORY
The functions declared in this header were provided in the lib‐
socket(3LIB) library in Solaris 2 through 11.3, and moved to the
libc(3LIB) library in Solaris 11.4.
The X/Open standard-conforming interfaces were also available via the
libxnet(3LIB) filter library in Solaris 2.6 through 11.3. This library
became a filter on the libc(3LIB) library in Solaris 11.4.
The Historical Functionality was the default behavior when building
applications on Solaris 11.3 and earlier releases, and use of the Stan‐
dard Functionality on those releases required defining
_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 or higher when building applications. Oracle Solaris
11.4 changed the default to the standards-conforming version, and added
the requirement to define __USE_SUNOS_SOCKETS__ before including the
<sys/socket.h> header to use the historical version instead.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 2 Feb 2021 socket.h(3HEAD)