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strptime(3c)
Standard C Library Functions strptime(3C)
NAME
strptime - date and time conversion
SYNOPSIS
#include <time.h>
char *strptime(const char *restrict buf,
const char *restrict format, struct tm *restrict tm);
Non-zeroing Behavior
cc [flag...] file... -D_STRPTIME_DONTZERO [library...]
#include <time.h>
char *strptime(const char *restrict buf,
const char *restrict format, struct tm *restrict tm);
DESCRIPTION
The strptime() function converts the character string pointed to by buf
to values which are stored in the tm structure pointed to by tm, using
the format specified by format.
The format argument is composed of zero or more conversion specifica‐
tions. Each conversion specification is composed of a "%" (percent)
character followed by one or two conversion characters which specify
the replacement required. One or more white space characters (as speci‐
fied by isspace(3C)) may precede or follow a conversion specification.
There must be white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
any two conversion specifications.
A non-zeroing version of strptime(), described below under Non-zeroing
Behavior, is provided if _STRPTIME_DONTZERO is defined.
In SUSv4 conforming application, the following can appear in sequence
in each conversion specification, between % (percent) character and
conversion character. The results are unspecified if a modifier is
specified with a flag or with a minimum field width, or if a field
width is specified for any conversion specifier other than C or Y.
o An optional flag, the zero character ('0') or the plus-sign
character ('+'), which is ignored.
o An optional field width. If a field width is specified, it
is interpreted as a string of decimal digits that will
determine the maximum number of bytes converted for the con‐
version rather than the number of bytes specified below in
the description of the conversion specifiers.
Conversion Specifications
The following conversion specifications are supported:
% Same as %.
a Day of week, using the locale's weekday names; either the abbrevi‐
ated or full name may be specified.
A Same as %a.
b Month, using the locale's month names; either the abbreviated or
full name may be specified.
B Same as %b.
c Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
C
SUSv4
For SUSv4, all but the last two digits of the year. At most
two bytes are scanned, unless the optional field width is
specified. Leading zeros are permitted but are not required. A
leading '+' or '-' character is permitted before any leading
zeros but is not required.
Default and other standards
For default and other standards, century number (the year
divided by 100 and truncated to an integer as a decimal number
[1,99]); single digits are preceded by 0. If %C is used with‐
out the %y specifier, strptime() assumes the year offset is
zero in whichever century is specified. Note the behavior of
%C in the absence of %y is not specified by any of the stan‐
dards or specifications described on the standards(7) manual
page, so portable applications should not depend on it. This
behavior may change in a future release.
d Day of month [1,31]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
D Date as %m/%d/%y.
e Same as %d.
F Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601:2004 standard date in
extended format).
g Week-based year within century [00,99]; leading zero is permitted
but not required.
G Week-based year, including the century [0000,9999]; leading zero
is permitted but not required.
h Same as %b.
H Hour (24-hour clock) [0,23]; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
I Hour (12-hour clock) [1,12]; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
j Day number of the year [1,366]; leading zeros are permitted but
not required.
k Same as %H.
l Same as %I.
m Month number [1,12]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
M Minute [0-59]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
n Any white space.
p Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m.
P Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m. in case-insensitive
manner.
r Appropriate time representation in the 12-hour clock format with
%p.
R Time as %H:%M.
S
SUSv3
Seconds [0,60]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
The range of values is [00,60] rather than [00,59] to allow
for the occasional leap second.
Default and other standards
Seconds [0,61]; leading zero is permitted but not required.
The range of values is [00,61] rather than [00,59] to allow
for the occasional leap second and even more occasional double
leap second.
t Any white space.
T Time as %H:%M:%S.
u Weekday as a decimal number [1,7], with 1 representing Monday.
U Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with Sunday as
the first day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
V The ISO 8601 week number as a decimal number [01,53]. In the ISO
8601 week-based system, weeks begin on a Monday and week 1 of the
year is the week that includes both January 4th and the first
Thursday of the year. If the first Monday of January is the 2nd,
3rd, or 4th, the preceding days are part of the last week of the
preceding year.
w Weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing Sunday.
W Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with Monday as
the first day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
x Locale's appropriate date representation.
X Locale's appropriate time representation.
y
SUSv4
The last two digits of the year. When format contains neither
a C conversion specifier nor a Y conversion specifier, values
in the range [69,99] refer to years 1969 to 1999 inclusive and
values in the range [00,68] refer to years 2000 to 2068 inclu‐
sive. Leading zeros are permitted but are not required. A
leading '+' or '-' character is permitted before any leading
zeros but are not required.
It is expected that in a future release the default century
inferred from a 2-digit year will change.
Default and other standards
Year within century. When a century is not otherwise speci‐
fied, values in the range 69-99 refer to years in the twenti‐
eth century (1969 to 1999 inclusive); values in the range
00-68 refer to years in the twenty-first century (2000 to 2068
inclusive).
Y
SUSv4
The full year. At most four bytes are scanned, unless the
optional field width is specified. Leading zeros are permitted
but are not required. A leading '+' or '-' character is per‐
mitted but are not required.
Default and other standards
Year, including the century (for example, 1993).
z Offset from UTC in ISO 8601:2004 standard basic format (+hhmm or
-hhmm), or no characters if no time zone is determinable.
Z Time zone name or no characters if no time zone exists.
Modified Conversion Specifiers
Some conversion specifications can be modified by the E and O modifier
characters to indicate that an alternate format or specification should
be used rather than the one normally used by the unmodified specifica‐
tion. If the alternate format or specification does not exist in the
current locale, the behavior will be as if the unmodified conversion
specification were used.
%Ec Locale's alternate appropriate date and time representation.
%EC Name of the base year (era) in the locale's alternate represen‐
tation.
%Ex Locale's alternate date representation.
%EX Locale's alternate time representation.
%Ey Offset from %EC (year only) in the locale's alternate represen‐
tation.
%EY Full alternate year representation.
%Od Day of the month using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%Oe Same as %Od.
%OH Hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternate numeric sym‐
bols.
%OI Hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternate numeric sym‐
bols.
%Om Month using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%OM Minutes using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%OS Seconds using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%OU Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week)
using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%Ow Number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's alternate
numeric symbols.
%OW Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week)
using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%Oy Year (offset from %C) in the locale's alternate representation
and using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
General Specifications
A conversion specification that is an ordinary character is executed by
scanning the next character from the buffer. If the character scanned
from the buffer differs from the one comprising the specification, the
specification fails, and the differing and subsequent characters remain
unscanned.
A series of specifications composed of %n, %t, white-space characters
or any combination is executed by scanning up to the first character
that is not white space (which remains unscanned), or until no more
characters can be scanned. White space is defined by isspace(3C).
Any other conversion specification is executed by scanning characters
until a character matching the next specification is scanned, or until
no more characters can be scanned. These characters, except the one
matching the next specification, are then compared to the locale values
associated with the conversion specifier. If a match is found, values
for the appropriate tm structure members are set to values correspond‐
ing to the locale information. If no match is found, strptime() fails
and no more characters are scanned.
The month names, weekday names, era names, and alternate numeric sym‐
bols can consist of any combination of upper and lowercase letters. The
user can request that the input date or time specification be in a spe‐
cific language by setting the LC_TIME category using setlocale(3C).
Non-zeroing Behavior
In addition to the behavior described above by various standards, the
Solaris implementation of strptime() provides the following extensions.
These may change at any time in the future. Portable applications
should not depend on these extended features:
o If _STRPTIME_DONTZERO is not defined, the tm struct is
zeroed on entry and strptime() updates the fields of the tm
struct associated with the specifiers in the format string.
o If _STRPTIME_DONTZERO is defined, strptime() does not zero
the tm struct on entry. Additionally, for some specifiers,
strptime() will use some values in the input tm struct to
recalculate the date and re-assign the appropriate members
of the tm struct.
The following describes extended features regardless of whether _STRP‐
TIME_DONTZERO is defined or not defined:
o If %j is specified, tm_yday is set; if year is given, and if
month and day are not given, strptime() calculates and sets
tm_mon, tm_mday, and tm_year.
o If %U, %V, or %W is specified and if weekday and year are
given and month and day of month are not given, strptime()
calculates and sets tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_wday, and tm_year.
The following describes extended features when _STRPTIME_DONTZERO is
not defined:
o If %C is specified and neither %g nor %y is specified, strp‐
time() assumes 0 as the year offset, then calculates the
year and assigns tm_year.
The following describes extended features when _STRPTIME_DONTZERO is
defined:
o If %C is specified and neither %g nor %y is specified, strp‐
time() assumes the year offset of the year value of the
tm_year member of the input tm struct, then calculates the
year and assigns tm_year.
o If %j is specified and neither %C, %g, %G, %y, nor %Y is
specified, and neither month nor day of month is specified,
strptime() assumes the year value given by the value of the
tm_year field of the input tm struct. Then, in addition to
setting tm_yday, strptime() uses day-of-year and year values
to calculate the month and day-of-month, and assigns
tm_month and tm_mday.
o If %U, %V, or %W is specified, and if weekday and/or year
are not given, and month and day of month are not given,
strptime() will assume the weekday value and/or the year
value as the value of the tm_wday field and/or tm_year field
of the input tm struct. Then, strptime() will calculate the
month and day-of-month and assign tm_month, tm_mday, and/or
tm_year.
o If %p or %P is specified and if hour is not specified, strp‐
time() will reference, and if needed, update the tm_hour
member. If the am_pm input is p.m. and the input tm_hour
value is between 0 - 11, strptime() will add 12 hours and
update tm_hour. If the am_pm input is a.m. and input tm_hour
value is between 12 - 23, strptime() will subtract 12 hours
and update tm_hour.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, strptime() returns a pointer to the charac‐
ter following the last character parsed. Otherwise, a null pointer is
returned.
USAGE
Several "same as" formats, and the special processing of white-space
characters are provided in order to ease the use of identical format
strings for strftime(3C) and strptime().
The strptime() function tries to calculate tm_year, tm_mon, and tm_mday
when given incomplete input. This allows the struct tm created by strp‐
time() to be passed to mktime(3C) to produce a time_t value for dates
and times that are representable by a time_t. As an example, since
mktime() ignores tm_yday, strptime() calculates tm_mon and tm_mday as
well as filling in tm_yday when %j is specified without otherwise spec‐
ifying a month and day within month.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ CSIEnabled _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-
Safe _ StandardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
ctime(3C), duplocale(3C), freelocale(3C), getdate(3C), isspace(3C),
mktime(3C), newlocale(3C), setlocale(3C), strftime(3C), uselocale(3C),
attributes(7), environ(7), standards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 strptime(3C)