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link(2)
link(2) System Calls link(2)
NAME
link, linkat - link to a file
SYNOPSIS
#include <unistd.h>
int link(const char *path1, const char *path2);
int linkat(int fd1, const char *path1, int fd2, const char *path2,
int flag);
DESCRIPTION
The link() function creates a new link (directory entry) for the exist‐
ing file and increments its link count by one. The path1 argument
points to a path name naming an existing file. The path2 argument
points to a pathname naming the new directory entry to be created.
To create hard links, both files must be on the same file system. Both
the old and the new link share equal access and rights to the underly‐
ing object. No process can make a link to a directory, file named by
path1 must not be a directory.
Upon successful completion, link() marks for update the st_ctime field
of the file. Also, the st_ctime and st_mtime fields of the directory
that contains the new entry are marked for update.
If link() fails, no link is created and the link count of the file
remains unchanged.
The linkat() function is equivalent to link() except in the case where
either path1 or path2 or both are relative paths. In this case a rela‐
tive path path1 is interpreted relative to the directory associated
with the file descriptor fd1 instead of the current working directory
and similarly for path2 and the file descriptor fd2. If the file
descriptor was opened without O_SEARCH, the function checks whether
directory searches are permitted using the current permissions of the
directory underlying the file descriptor. If the file descriptor was
opened with O_SEARCH, the function does not perform the check.
Values for flag are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from
the following list, defined in <fcntl.h>.
AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW If path1 names a symbolic link, a new link for the
target of the symbolic link is created.
If linkat() is passed the special value AT_FDCWD in the fd1 or fd2
parameter, the current working directory is used for the respective
path argument. If both fd1 and fd2 have value AT_FDCWD, the behavior is
identical to a call to link().
If the AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW flag is clear in the flag argument and the
path1 argument names a symbolic link, a new link is created for the
symbolic link path1 and not its target.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, 0 is returned. Otherwise, −1 is returned,
no link is created, and errno is set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
The link() and linkat() functions will fail if:
EACCES A component of either path prefix denies search permis‐
sion, or the requested link requires writing in a
directory with a mode that denies write permission.
EDQUOT The directory where the entry for the new link is being
placed cannot be extended because the user's quota of
disk blocks on that file system has been exhausted.
EEXIST The link named by path2 exists.
EFAULT The path1 or path2 argument points to an illegal
address.
EILSEQ The path argument includes non-UTF8 characters and the
file system accepts only file names where all charac‐
ters are part of the UTF-8 character codeset.
EINTR A signal was caught during the execution of the link()
function.
ELOOP Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating
path.
EMLINK The maximum number of links to a file would be
exceeded.
ENAMETOOLONG The length of the path1 or path2 argument exceeds
PATH_MAX, or the length of a path1 or path2 component
exceeds NAME_MAX while _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in effect.
ENOENT The path1 or path2 argument is a null pathname; a com‐
ponent of either path prefix does not exist; or the
file named by path1 does not exist.
ENOLINK The path1 or path2 argument points to a remote machine
and the link to that machine is no longer active.
ENOSPC The directory that would contain the link cannot be
extended.
ENOTDIR A component of either path prefix is not a directory.
EPERM The file named by path1 is a directory; this implemen‐
tation prohibits links to directories.
The effective user ID does not match the owner of the
file and the {PRIV_FILE_LINK_ANY} privilege is not
asserted in the effective set of the calling process.
EROFS The requested link requires writing in a directory on a
read-only file system.
The file named by path1 is read-only because of the
mwac(7) policy.
EXDEV The link named by path2 and the file named by path1 are
on different logical devices (file systems).
The linkat() function will fail if:
EBADF The path1 or path2 argument does not specify an absolute path
and the fd1 or fd2 argument, respectively, is neither AT_FDCWD
nor a valid file descriptor open for reading.
The link() and linkat() functions may fail if:
ELOOP More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered
during resolution of the path1 or path2 argument.
ENAMETOOLONG The length of a pathname exceeds {PATH_MAX}, or path‐
name resolution of a symbolic link produced an interme‐
diate result with a length that exceeds {PATH_MAX}.
EXDEV The link named by path2 and the file named by path1 are
on different logical devices (file systems).
The linkat() function may fail if:
EINVAL The value of the flag argument is not valid.
ENOTDIR The path1 or path2 argument is not an absolute path and fd1
or fd2, respectively, is neither AT_FDCWD nor a file
descriptor associated with a directory.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelAsync-Signal-
Safe _ StandardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
symlink(2), unlink(2), mwac(7), attributes(7), privileges(7), stan‐
dards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 19 Mar 2014 link(2)