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nm(1)
nm(1) User Commands nm(1)
NAME
nm - print name list of an object file
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/nm [-ACDhlLnpPrRsTvV] [-efox] [-g | -u]
[-t format] file...
/usr/xpg4/bin/nm [-ACDhlLnpPrRsTvV] [-efox] [-g | -u]
[-t format] file...
DESCRIPTION
The nm utility displays the symbol table of each ELF object file that
is specified by file.
If no symbolic information is available for a valid input file, the nm
utility reports that fact, but does not consider it an error condition.
OPTIONS
The output of nm can be controlled using the following options:
-A Writes the full path name or library name of an object on
each line.
-C Demangles C++ symbol names before printing them out.
-D Displays the SHT_DYNSYM symbol information. This is the
symbol table used by ld.so.1 and is present even in
stripped dynamic executables. If -D is not specified, the
default behavior is to display the SHT_SYMTAB symbol
information.
-e See NOTES below.
-f See NOTES below.
-g Writes only external (global) symbol information.
-h Does not display the output heading data.
-L Displays the SHT_SUNW_LDYNSYM symbol information. This
symbol table contains local function symbols.
SHT_SUNW_LDYNSM symbol tables are present even in stripped
dynamic executables. These symbols augment the global sym‐
bols that are found in SHT_DYNSYM symbol table. If -L is
not specified, the default behavior is to display the
SHT_SYMTAB symbol information.
-l When used with the -p or -P options, distinguishes between
WEAK and GLOBAL symbols by appending a * to the key letter
for WEAK symbols.
-n Sorts external symbols by name before they are printed.
-o Prints the value and size of a symbol in octal instead of
decimal (equivalent to -t o).
-p Produces easy to parse, terse output. Each symbol name is
preceded by its value (blanks if undefined) and one of the
letters:
A Absolute symbol.
B bss (uninitialized data space) symbol.
C COMMON symbol.
D Data object symbol.
F File symbol.
N Symbol has no type.
L Thread-Local storage symbol.
R Register symbol.
S Section symbol.
T Text symbol.
U Undefined.
If the symbol's binding attribute is:
LOCAL The key letter is lowercase.
WEAK The key letter is uppercase. If the -l modifier
is specified, the uppercase key letter is fol‐
lowed by a *
GLOBAL The key letter is uppercase.
-P Writes information in a portable output format, as speci‐
fied in Standard Output.
-r Prepends the name of the object file or archive member to
each symbol name, formatted as object:symbol.
-R When processing archives, prepends the archive and archive
member names to each symbol name, formatted as ar‐
chive:member:symbol. When processing non-archives, the -R
option is equivalent to -r. If the -r option is also spec‐
ified, this option is ignored.
-s Prints section name instead of section index.
-t format Writes each numeric value in the specified format. The
format is dependent on the single character used as the
format option-argument:
d The offset is written in decimal (default).
o The offset is written in octal.
x The offset is written in hexadecimal.
-T See NOTES.
-v Sorts external symbols by value before they are printed.
-V Print version information.
--version
-x Prints the value and size of a symbol in hexadecimal
instead of decimal (equivalent to -t x).
-? Print usage message and immediately exit.
--help
/usr/bin/nm
-u Prints undefined symbols only. If this option is specified, the
-p and -P options are ignored.
/usr/xpg4/bin/nm
-u Prints long listing for each undefined symbol. See OUTPUT below.
Options can be used in any order, either singly or in combination. When
conflicting options are specified (such as -v and -n, or -o and -x) the
first is taken and the second ignored with a warning message to the
user. See -R and the /usr/bin/nm form of -u for exceptions.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
file A path name of an object file, executable file or object-file
library.
OUTPUT
This section describes the nm utility's output options.
Standard Output
For each symbol, the following information is printed:
Index The index of the symbol. (The index appears in brack‐
ets.)
Value The value of the symbol is one of the following:
o A section offset for defined symbols in a
relocatable file.
o Alignment constraints for symbols whose sec‐
tion index is SHN_COMMON.
o A virtual address in executable and dynamic
library files.
Size The size in bytes of the associated object.
Type A symbol is of one of the following types:
NOTYPE No type was specified.
OBJECT A data object such as an array or variable.
FUNC A function or other executable code.
REGI A register symbol (SPARC only).
SECTION A section symbol.
FILE Name of the source file.
COMMON An uninitialized common block.
TLS A variable associated with Thread-Local stor‐
age.
Bind The symbol's binding attributes.
LOCAL symbols Have a scope limited to the object
file containing their definition.
GLOBAL symbols Are visible to all object files being
combined.
WEAK symbols Are essentially global symbols with a
lower precedence than GLOBAL.
Other An integer corresponding to one of the STV_ symbol visi‐
bility values defined in <sys/elf.h>.
Shndx Except for three special values, this is the section
header table index in relation to which the symbol is
defined. The following special values exist:
ABS Indicates the symbol's value does not change
through relocation.
COMMON Indicates an unallocated block and the value
provides alignment constraints.
UNDEF Indicates an undefined symbol.
Name The name of the symbol.
Object Name The name of the object or library if -A is specified.
If the -P option is specified, the previous information is displayed
using the following portable format. The three versions differ depend‐
ing on whether -t d, -t o, or -t x was specified, respectively:
"%s%s %s %d %d\n", library/object name, name, type, value, size
"%s%s %s %o %o\n", library/object name, name, type, value, size
"%s%s %s %x %x\n", library/object name, name, type, value, size
where type is formatted as described for the -p option, and
library/object name is formatted as follows:
o If -A is not specified, library/object name is an empty
string.
o If -A is specified and the corresponding file operand does
not name a library:
"%s: ", file
o If -A is specified and the corresponding file operand names
a library. In this case, object file names the object file
in the library containing the symbol being described:
"%s[%s]: ", file, object file
If -A is not specified, then if more than one file operand is specified
or if only one file operand is specified and it names a library, nm
writes a line identifying the object containing the following symbols
before the lines containing those symbols, in the form:
o If the corresponding file operand does not name a library:
"%s:\n", file
o If the corresponding file operand names a library; in this
case, object file is the name of the file in the library
containing the following symbols:
"%s[%s]:\n", file, object file
If -P is specified, but -t is not, the format is as if -t x had been
specified.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of nm: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE,
LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
/usr/bin/nm
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitydeveloper/base-developer-utilities
/usr/xpg4/bin/nm
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/xopen/xcu4 _ Interface Stability‐
Committed
SEE ALSO
ar(1), as(1), dump(1), ld(1), ld.so.1(1), ar.h(3HEAD), a.out(5),
attributes(7), environ(7), standards(7)
NOTES
The following options are obsolete because of changes to the object
file format and might be deleted in a future release.
-e Prints only external and static symbols. The symbol table now
contains only static and external symbols. Automatic symbols no
longer appear in the symbol table. They do appear in the debug‐
ging information produced by cc -g, which can be examined using
dump(1).
-f Produces full output. Redundant symbols (such as .text, .data,
and so forth), which existed previously, do not exist and produc‐
ing full output is identical to the default output.
-T By default, nm prints the entire name of the symbols listed.
Since symbol names have been moved to the last column, the prob‐
lem of overflow is removed and it is no longer necessary to trun‐
cate the symbol name.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 nm(1)