svcadm(1M)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 1M 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
crontab(1)
crontab(1) User Commands crontab(1)
NAME
crontab - user crontab file
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/crontab [filename]
/usr/bin/crontab -e [username]
/usr/bin/crontab -l [username]
/usr/bin/crontab -r [username]
/usr/xpg4/bin/crontab [filename]
/usr/xpg4/bin/crontab -e [username]
/usr/xpg4/bin/crontab -l [username]
/usr/xpg4/bin/crontab -r [username]
/usr/xpg6/bin/crontab [filename]
/usr/xpg6/bin/crontab -e [username]
/usr/xpg6/bin/crontab -l [username]
/usr/xpg6/bin/crontab -r [username]
DESCRIPTION
The crontab utility manages a user's access with cron (see cron(8)) by
copying, creating, listing, and removing crontab files. If invoked
without options, crontab copies the specified file, or the standard
input if no file is specified, into a directory that holds all users'
crontabs.
If crontab is invoked with filename, this overwrites an existing
crontab entry for the user that invokes it.
crontab Access Control
Users: Access to crontab is allowed:
o if the user's name appears in /etc/cron.d/cron.allow.
o if /etc/cron.d/cron.allow does not exist and the user's name
is not in /etc/cron.d/cron.deny.
Users: Access to crontab is denied:
o if /etc/cron.d/cron.allow exists and the user's name is not
in it.
o if /etc/cron.d/cron.allow does not exist and user's name is
in /etc/cron.d/cron.deny.
o if neither file exists, only a user with the
solaris.jobs.user authorization is allowed to submit a job.
o if Solaris Auditing is enabled, the user's shell is not
audited and the user is not the crontab owner. This can
occur if the user logs in by way of a program, such as some
versions of SSH, which does not set audit parameters.
The rules for allow and deny apply to root only if the allow/deny files
exist.
The allow/deny files consist of one user name per line.
crontab Entry Format
A crontab file consists of lines of six fields each. The fields are
separated by spaces or tabs. The first five are integer patterns that
specify the following:
minute (0−59),
hour (0−23),
day of the month (1−31),
month of the year (1−12),
day of the week (0−6 with 0=Sunday).
Each of these patterns can be either an asterisk (meaning all legal
values) or a list of elements separated by commas. An element is either
a number or two numbers separated by a minus sign (meaning an inclusive
range). Time specified here is interpreted in the currently active time
zone. At the top of the crontab file this is the time zone which is set
systemwide in /etc/default/init. A user can add a line such as:
TZ=timezone
...and all subsequent entries will be interpreted using that time zone,
until a new TZ=timezone line is encountered. The specification of days
can be made by two fields (day of the month and day of the week). Both
are adhered to if specified as a list of elements. See EXAMPLES.
The sixth field of a line in a crontab file is a string that is exe‐
cuted by the shell at the specified times. A percent character in this
field (unless escaped by \) is translated to a NEWLINE character.
Only the first line (up to a '%' or end of line) of the command field
is executed by the shell. Other lines are made available to the command
as standard input. Any blank line or line beginning with a '#' is a
comment and is ignored.
The shell is invoked from your $HOME directory. As with $TZ, both
$SHELL and $HOME can be set by having a line such as:
SHELL=/usr/bin/someshell
...or:
HOME=somedirectory
...which will take precedence for all the remaining entries in the
crontab or until there is another HOME or SHELL entry. It is invoked
with an arg0 of the basename of the $SHELL that is currently in effect.
A user who wants to have their .profile or equivalent file executed
must explicitly do so in the crontab file. cron supplies a default
environment for every shell, defining HOME, LOGNAME, SHELL, TZ, and
PATH. The default PATH for user cron jobs is /usr/bin; while root cron
jobs default to /usr/sbin:/usr/bin. The default PATH can be set in
/etc/default/cron (see cron(8)). The TZ, HOME, and SHELL environment
variables are set to match those that are in effect in the crontab file
at the time.
If you do not redirect the standard output and standard error of your
commands, any generated output or errors are mailed to you.
crontab Environment Variables
The following variables are supported:
HOME
Allows the user to choose and alternative directory for cron to
change directory to prior to running the command. For example:
HOME=/var/tmp
SHELL
The name of the shell to use to run subsequent commands. For exam‐
ple:
SHELL=/usr/bin/ksh
TZ
Allows the user to choose the time zone in which the cron entries
are run. This affects both the environment of the command that is
run and the timing of the entry. For example, to have your entries
run using the time zone for Iceland, use:
TZ=Iceland
Each of these variables affects all of the lines that follow it in the
crontab file, until it is reset by a subsequent line resetting that
variable. Hence, it is possible to have multiple time zones supported
within a single crontab file.
The lines that are not setting these environment variables are the same
as crontab entries that conform to the UNIX standard and are described
elsewhere in this man page.
Setting cron Jobs Across Timezones
The default time zone of the cron daemon sets the systemwide time zone
for cron entries. This, in turn, is by set by default systemwide using
/etc/default/init.
If some form of daylight savings or summer/winter time is in effect,
then jobs scheduled during the switchover period could be executed
once, twice, or not at all.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-e Edits a copy of the current user's crontab file, or creates an
empty file to edit if crontab does not exist. When editing is
complete, the file is installed as the user's crontab file.
The environment variable EDITOR determines which editor is
invoked with the -e option. All crontab jobs should be submitted
using crontab. Do not add jobs by just editing the crontab file,
because cron is not aware of changes made this way.
If all lines in the crontab file are deleted, the old crontab
file is restored. The correct way to delete all lines is to
remove the crontab file using the -r option.
If username is specified, the specified user's crontab file is
edited, rather than the current user's crontab file. This can
only be done by root or by a user with the solaris.jobs.admin
authorization.
-l Lists the crontab file for the invoking user. Only root or a user
with the solaris.jobs.admin authorization can specify a username
following the -l option to list the crontab file of the specified
user.
-r Removes a user's crontab from the crontab directory. Only root or
a user with the solaris.jobs.admin authorization can specify a
username following the -r option to remove the crontab file of
the specified user.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Cleaning up Core Files
This example cleans up core files every weekday morning at 3:15 am:
15 3 * * 1-5 find $HOME -name core 2>/dev/null | xargs rm -f
Example 2 Mailing a Birthday Greeting
This example mails a birthday greeting:
0 12 14 2 * mailx john%Happy Birthday!%Time for lunch.
Example 3 Specifying Days of the Month and Week
This example runs a command on the first and fifteenth of each month,
as well as on every Monday:
0 0 1,15 * 1
To specify days by only one field, the other field should be set to *.
For example:
0 0 * * 1
would run a command only on Mondays.
Example 4 Using Environment Variables
The following entries take advantage of crontab support for certain
environment variables.
TZ=GMT
HOME=/local/home/user
SHELL=/usr/bin/ksh
0 0 * * * echo $(date) > midnight.GMT
TZ=US/Pacific
0 0 * * * echo $(date) > midnight.PST
TZ=US/Eastern
HOME=/local/home/myuser
SHELL=/bin/csh
The preceding entries allow two jobs to run. The first one would run at
midnight in the GMT time zone and the second would run at midnight in
the PST time zone. Both would be run in the directory /local/home/user
using the Korn shell. The file concludes with TZ, HOME, and SHELL
entries that return those variable to their default values.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables
that affect the execution of crontab: LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_MES‐
SAGES, and NLSPATH.
/usr/bin/crontab
EDITOR Determine the editor to be invoked when the -e option is
specified. This is overridden by the VISUAL environmental
variable. The default editor is vi(1).
PATH The PATH in crontab's environment specifies the search path
used to find the editor.
VISUAL Determine the visual editor to be invoked when the -e option
is specified. If VISUAL is not specified, then the environ‐
ment variable EDITOR is used. If that is not set, the default
is vi(1).
/usr/xpg4/bin/crontab
EDITOR Determine the editor to be invoked when the -e option is
specified. The default editor is /usr/xpg4/bin/vi.
/usr/xpg6/bin/crontab
EDITOR Determine the editor to be invoked when the -e option is
specified. The default editor is /usr/xpg6/bin/vi.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
FILES
/etc/cron.d main cron directory
/etc/cron.d/cron.allow list of allowed users
/etc/default/cron contains cron default settings
/etc/cron.d/cron.deny list of denied users
/var/cron/log accounting information
/var/spool/cron/crontabs spool area for crontab
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
/usr/bin/crontab
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os _ Interface StabilityCommit‐
ted _ StandardSee standards(7).
/usr/xpg4/bin/crontab
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/xopen/xcu4 _ Interface StabilityS‐
tandard
/usr/xpg6/bin/crontab
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/xopen/xcu6 _ Interface StabilityS‐
tandard
SEE ALSO
atq(1), atrm(1), auths(1), ed(1), sh(1), vi(1), auth_attr(5),
attributes(7), environ(7), standards(7), cron(8), su(8)
NOTES
If you inadvertently enter the crontab command with no arguments, do
not attempt to get out with Control-d. This removes all entries in your
crontab file. Instead, exit with Control-c.
When updating cron, check first for existing crontab entries that can
be scheduled close to the time of the update. Such entries can be lost
if the update process completes after the scheduled event. This can
happen because, when cron is notified by crontab to update the internal
view of a user's crontab file, it first removes the user's existing
internal crontab and any internal scheduled events. Then it reads the
new crontab file and rebuilds the internal crontab and events. This
last step takes time, especially with a large crontab file, and can
complete after an existing crontab entry is scheduled to run if it is
scheduled too close to the update. To be safe, start a new job at least
60 seconds after the current date and time.
Simultaneous modifications of the same crontab file may lead to unex‐
pected results.
Care should be taken when adding TZ, SHELL and HOME variables to the
crontab file when the crontab file could be shared with applications
that do not expect those variables to be changed from the default.
Resetting the values to their defaults at the bottom of the file will
minimize the risk of problems.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 crontab(1)