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wait3(3c)
wait3(3C) Standard C Library Functions wait3(3C)
NAME
wait3, wait4 - wait for process to terminate or stop
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
pid_t wait3(int *statusp, int options, struct rusage *rusage);
pid_t wait4(pid_t pid, int *statusp, int options, struct rusage *rusage);
DESCRIPTION
The wait3() function suspends execution of the calling thread until a
signal is received, or one of its child processes terminates or stops
due to tracing, or an error occurs. If any child process has died or
stopped due to tracing and this has not already been reported, return
is immediate, returning the process ID and status of one of those chil‐
dren. If that child process has died, it is discarded. If there are no
children, −1 is returned immediately. If there are only running or
stopped but reported children, the calling process is blocked.
If statusp is not a null pointer, then on return from a successful
wait3() call, the status of the child process is stored in the integer
pointed to by statusp. *statusp indicates the cause of termination and
other information about the terminated process in the following manner:
o If the low-order 8 bits of *statusp are equal to 0177, the
child process has stopped; the 8 bits higher up from the
low-order 8 bits of *statusp contain the number of the sig‐
nal that caused the process to stop. See signal.h(3HEAD).
o If the low-order 8 bits of *statusp are non-zero and are not
equal to 0177, the child process terminated due to a signal;
the low-order 7 bits of *statusp contain the number of the
signal that terminated the process. In addition, if the low-
order seventh bit of *statusp (that is, bit 0200) is set, a
core image of the process was produced; see signal.h(3HEAD).
o Otherwise, the child process terminated due to an exit()
call; the 8 bits higher up from the low-order 8 bits of
*statusp contain the low-order 8 bits of the argument that
the child process passed to exit(); see exit(2).
The options argument is constructed from the bitwise inclusive OR of
zero or more of the following flags, defined in <sys/wait.h>:
WNOHANG Execution of the calling process is not suspended if sta‐
tus is not immediately available for any child process.
WUNTRACED The status of any child processes that are stopped, and
whose status has not yet been reported since they stopped,
are also reported to the requesting process.
If rusage is not a null pointer, a summary of the resources used by the
terminated process and all its children is returned. Only the user time
used and the system time used are currently available. They are re‐
turned in the ru_utime and ru_stime, members of the rusage structure,
respectively.
When the WNOHANG option is specified and no processes have status to
report, wait3() returns 0. The WNOHANG and WUNTRACED options may be
combined by the bitwise OR operation of the two values.
The wait4() function is an extended interface. If pid is 0, wait4() is
equivalent to wait3(). If pid has a nonzero value, wait4() returns sta‐
tus only for the indicated process ID, but not for any other child
processes. If pid has a negative value, wait4() returns status only for
child processes whose process group ID is equal to the absolute value
of pid. The status can be evaluated using the macros defined by
wait.h(3HEAD).
RETURN VALUES
If wait3() or wait4() returns due to a stopped or terminated child
process, the process ID of the child is returned to the calling
process. Otherwise, −1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the er‐
ror.
If wait3() or wait4() return due to the delivery of a signal to the
calling process, −1 is returned and errno is set to EINTR. If WNOHANG
was set in options, it has at least one child process specified by pid
for which status is not available, and status is not available for any
process specified by pid, 0 is returned. Otherwise, −1 is returned and
errno is set to indicate the error.
The wait3() and wait4() functions return 0 if WNOHANG is specified and
there are no stopped or exited children, and return the process ID of
the child process if they return due to a stopped or terminated child
process. Otherwise, they return −1 and set errno to indicate the error.
ERRORS
The wait3() and wait4() functions will fail and return immediately if:
ECHILD The calling process has no existing unwaited-for child
processes.
EFAULT The statusp or rusage arguments point to an illegal address.
EINTR The function was interrupted by a signal. The value of the
location pointed to by statusp is undefined.
EINVAL The value of options is not valid.
The wait4() function may fail if:
ECHILD The process specified by pid does not exist or is not a child
of the calling process.
The wait3() and wait4() functions will terminate prematurely, return
−1, and set errno to EINTR upon the arrival of a signal whose
SA_RESTART bit in its flags field is not set (see sigaction(2)).
USAGE
The wait3() and wait4() functions are implemented as a call to the more
general and more portable waitid(2) function.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ MT-LevelAsync-Signal-Safe
SEE ALSO
kill(1), exit(2), waitid(2), getrusage(3C), signal(3C), wait(3C), wait‐
pid(3C), signal.h(3HEAD), wait.h(3HEAD), proc(5), attributes(7)
NOTES
If a parent process terminates without waiting on its children, the
initialization process (process ID = 1) inherits the children.
The wait3() and wait4() functions are automatically restarted when a
process receives a signal while awaiting termination of a child
process, unless the SA_RESTART bit is not set in the flags for that
signal.
HISTORY
The wait3() and wait4() functions have been included in all Sun and Or‐
acle releases of Solaris.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 27 Aug 2025 wait3(3C)