tmux(1) 맨 페이지 - 윈디하나의 솔라나라

개요

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맨 페이지 이름
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tmux(1)

is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to be
created,  accessed,  and controlled from a single screen.  may be
detached from a screen and continue running  in  the  background,
then  later reattached.  When is started, it creates a new with a
single and displays it on screen.  A status line at the bottom of
the screen shows information on the current session and  is  used
to  enter interactive commands.  A session is a single collection
of under the management of Each session has one or  more  windows
linked  to  it.   A  window occupies the entire screen and may be
split into rectangular panes, each of which is a separate  pseudo
terminal  (the  manual  page  documents  the technical details of
pseudo terminals).  Any number of instances may  connect  to  the
same  session,  and  any  number of windows may be present in the
same session.  Once all sessions are killed, exits.  Each session
is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection (such  as
connection  timeout)  or  intentional  detaching  (with  the  key
strokes).  may be reattached using: In a session is displayed  on
screen  by  a and all sessions are managed by a single The server
and each client are separate processes which communicate  through
a  socket in The options are as follows: Force to assume the ter‐
minal supports 256 colours.  This is equivalent to Start in  con‐
trol mode (see the section).  Given twice disables echo.  Execute
using  the  default  shell.   If  necessary,  the  server will be
started to retrieve the option.  This option is for compatibility
with when is used as a login shell.  Do not start the server as a
daemon.  This also turns the option off.  With may not be  speci‐
fied.   Specify  an  alternative configuration file.  By default,
loads the system configuration file from if present,  then  looks
for  a  user configuration file at or The configuration file is a
set of commands which are executed in sequence when the server is
first started.  loads configuration files once  when  the  server
process  has  started.   The  command  may be used to load a file
later.  shows any error messages from commands  in  configuration
files  in the first session created, and continues to process the
rest of the configuration file.  stores the server  socket  in  a
directory  under  or if it is unset.  The default socket is named
This option allows a different socket name to be  specified,  al‐
lowing several independent servers to be run.  Unlike a full path
is  not necessary: the sockets are all created in a directory un‐
der the directory given by or in The directory is created by  and
must  not  be  world  readable,  writable  or executable.  If the
socket is accidentally removed, the signal may  be  sent  to  the
server  process  to  recreate it (note that this will fail if any
parent directories are missing).  Behave as a login shell.   This
flag  currently has no effect and is for compatibility with other
shells when using tmux as a login shell.  Do not start the server
even if the command would normally do so (for example or  Specify
a  full  alternative path to the server socket.  If is specified,
the default socket directory is not used and any flag is ignored.
Set terminal features for the client.  This is a  comma-separated
list  of  features.   See  the option.  Write UTF-8 output to the
terminal even if the first environment variable of or that is set
does not contain or Report the version.  Request verbose logging.
Log messages will be saved into and files in the  current  direc‐
tory,  where  is  the PID of the server or client process.  If is
specified twice, an additional file is generated with a  copy  of
everything writes to the terminal.  The signal may be sent to the
server process to toggle logging between on (as if was given) and
off.   This specifies one of a set of commands used to control as
described in the following sections.  If no commands  are  speci‐
fied, the command is assumed.  may be controlled from an attached
client  by  using  a key combination of a prefix key, (Ctrl-b) by
default, followed by a command  key.   The  default  command  key
bindings  are:  Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the applica‐
tion.  Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.   Suspend
the client.  Break the current pane out of the window.  Split the
current  pane  into two, top and bottom.  List all paste buffers.
Rename the current session.  Split the  current  pane  into  two,
left  and  right.   Kill the current window.  Prompt for a window
index to select.  Switch the attached client to the previous ses‐
sion.  Switch the attached client to the  next  session.   Rename
the  current  window.   Delete the most recently copied buffer of
text.  Prompt for an index to move the  current  window.   Select
windows  0  to  9.  Enter the command prompt.  Move to the previ‐
ously active pane.  Choose which buffer  to  paste  interactively
from  a list.  List all key bindings.  Choose a client to detach.
Switch the attached client back to the last session.  Enter  copy
mode  to  copy text or view the history.  Paste the most recently
copied buffer of text.  Create a new window.  Detach the  current
client.  Prompt to search for text in open windows.  Display some
information about the current window.  Move to the previously se‐
lected window.  Mark the current pane (see Clear the marked pane.
Change  to  the next window.  Select the next pane in the current
window.  Change to the previous window.  Briefly display pane in‐
dexes.  Force redraw of the attached client.  Select a  new  ses‐
sion  for  the  attached  client  interactively.   Show the time.
Choose the current window interactively.  Kill the current  pane.
Toggle  zoom  state  of  the current pane.  Swap the current pane
with the previous pane.  Swap the  current  pane  with  the  next
pane.   Show  previous messages from if any.  Enter copy mode and
scroll one page up.  Change to the  pane  above,  below,  to  the
left,  or to the right of the current pane.  Arrange panes in one
of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal, even-vertical, main-
horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.  Arrange the current  window
in  the  next preset layout.  Move to the next window with a bell
or activity marker.  Rotate the panes in the current window back‐
wards.  Move to the previous  window  with  a  bell  or  activity
marker.   Resize  the  current pane in steps of one cell.  Resize
the current pane in steps of five cells.   Key  bindings  may  be
changed  with  the and commands.  supports a large number of com‐
mands which can be used to control its behaviour.   Each  command
is  named  and can accept zero or more flags and arguments.  They
may be bound to a key with the command  or  run  from  the  shell
prompt,  a  shell  script,  a  configuration  file or the command
prompt.  For example, the same command run from the shell prompt,
from and bound to a key may look like: $ tmux set-option -g  sta‐
tus-style bg=cyan

set-option -g status-style bg=cyan

bind-key  C  set-option -g status-style bg=cyan Here, the command
name is is a flag and and are arguments.   distinguishes  between
command  parsing  and  execution.  In order to execute a command,
needs it to be split up into its name  and  arguments.   This  is
command  parsing.   If a command is run from the shell, the shell
parses it; from inside or from a configuration file, does.  Exam‐
ples of when parses commands are: in a configuration file;  typed
at  the command prompt (see given to passed as arguments to or To
execute commands, each client has a A global  command  queue  not
attached to any client is used on startup for configuration files
like  Parsed  commands  added to the queue are executed in order.
Some commands, like and parse their argument to create a new com‐
mand which is inserted immediately after themselves.  This  means
that arguments can be parsed twice or more - once when the parent
command  (such as is parsed and again when it parses and executes
its command.  Commands like and stop execution of subsequent com‐
mands on the queue until something happens - and  until  a  shell
command  finishes  and  until a key is pressed.  For example, the
following  commands:  new-session;  new-window  if-shell   "true"
"split-window" kill-session Will execute the shell command and in
that  order.  The section lists the commands and their arguments.
This section describes the syntax of commands parsed by for exam‐
ple in a configuration file or at the command prompt.  Note  that
when  commands are entered into the shell, they are parsed by the
shell - see for example or Each command is terminated by  a  new‐
line  or  a  semicolon (;).  Commands separated by semicolons to‐
gether form a - if a command in the sequence encounters an error,
no subsequent commands are executed.  It is  recommended  that  a
semicolon used as a command separator should be written as an in‐
dividual token, for example from $ tmux neww \; splitw Or: $ tmux
neww  ';'  splitw  Or from the tmux command prompt: neww ; splitw
However, a trailing semicolon is also interpreted  as  a  command
separator,  for  example  in these commands: $ tmux neww\; splitw
Or: $ tmux 'neww;' splitw As in these examples, when running tmux
from the shell extra care must be taken to properly  quote  semi‐
colons:  Semicolons that should be interpreted as a command sepa‐
rator should be escaped according to the shell conventions.   For
this typically means quoted (such as or escaped (such as Individ‐
ual  semicolons or trailing semicolons that should be interpreted
as arguments should be escaped twice: once according to the shell
conventions and a second  time  for  for  example:  $  tmux  neww
'foo\\;' bar $ tmux neww foo\\\\; bar Semicolons that are not in‐
dividual  tokens or trailing another token should only be escaped
once according to shell conventions; for  example:  $  tmux  neww
'foo-;-bar'  $  tmux  neww foo-\\;-bar Comments are marked by the
unquoted # character - any remaining text after a comment is  ig‐
nored until the end of the line.  If the last character of a line
is  \,  the line is joined with the following line (the \ and the
newline are completely removed).  This is called  line  continua‐
tion  and  applies  both inside and outside quoted strings and in
comments, but not inside braces.  Command arguments may be speci‐
fied as strings surrounded by single (')  quotes,  double  quotes
(")  or braces ({}).  This is required when the argument contains
any special character.  Single and double quoted  strings  cannot
span  multiple  lines  except with line continuation.  Braces can
span multiple lines.  Outside of quotes and inside double quotes,
these replacements are performed: Environment variables  preceded
by  $  are  replaced with their value from the global environment
(see the section).  A leading ~ or ~user is expanded to the  home
directory of the current or specified user.  \uXXXX or \uXXXXXXXX
is  replaced  by the Unicode codepoint corresponding to the given
four or eight digit hexadecimal number.  When preceded  (escaped)
by  a  \, the following characters are replaced: \e by the escape
character; \r by a carriage return; \n by a newline; and \t by  a
tab.   \ooo  is  replaced  by a character of the octal value ooo.
Three octal digits are required, for example \001.   The  largest
valid  character is \377.  Any other characters preceded by \ are
replaced by themselves (that is, the \ is removed)  and  are  not
treated  as  having  any special meaning - so for example \; will
not mark a command sequence and \$ will not expand an environment
variable.  Braces are parsed as a configuration file  (so  condi‐
tions  such  as  are processed) and then converted into a string.
They are designed to avoid the need for additional escaping  when
passing  a group of commands as an argument (for example to These
two examples produce an identical command - note that no escaping
is needed when using {}: if-shell true {
    display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }$foo' }

if-shell true "display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }\$foo'" Braces  may
be enclosed inside braces, for example: bind x if-shell "true" {
    if-shell "true" {
        display "true!"
    }  } Environment variables may be set by using the syntax for
example Variables set during parsing are added to the global  en‐
vironment.   A hidden variable may be set with for example: %hid‐
den MYVAR=42 Hidden variables are not passed to  the  environment
of  processes created by tmux.  See the section.  Commands may be
parsed conditionally by surrounding them with and The argument to
and is expanded as a format (see and if  it  evaluates  to  false
(zero  or empty), subsequent text is ignored until the closing or
For  example:  %if  "#{==:#{host},myhost}"  set  -g  status-style
bg=red  %elif  "#{==:#{host},myotherhost}"  set  -g  status-style
bg=green %else set -g status-style bg=blue %endif Will change the
status line to red if running on green if running on or  blue  if
running  on another host.  Conditionals may be given on one line,
for example: %if #{==:#{host},myhost} set -g status-style  bg=red
%endif This section describes the commands supported by Most com‐
mands  accept the optional (and sometimes argument with one of or
These specify the client, session, window or pane which a command
should affect.  should be the name of the client,  typically  the
file  to  which the client is connected, for example either of or
for the client attached to If no client is specified, attempts to
work out the client currently in use; if that fails, an error  is
reported.   Clients may be listed with the command.  is tried as,
in order: A session ID prefixed with a $.  An  exact  name  of  a
session (as listed by the command).  The start of a session name,
for  example  would  match  a  session  named An pattern which is
matched against the session name.  If the session  name  is  pre‐
fixed with an only an exact match is accepted (so will only match
exactly  not If a single session is found, it is used as the tar‐
get session; multiple matches produce an error.  If a session  is
omitted,  the current session is used if available; if no current
session is available, the most recently used is chosen.   (or  or
specifies  a window in the form follows the same rules as for and
is looked for in order as: A special token, listed below.  A win‐
dow index, for example is window 1 in session A window  ID,  such
as @1.  An exact window name, such as The start of a window name,
such as As an pattern matched against the window name.  Like ses‐
sions,  a  prefix  will  do an exact match only.  An empty window
name specifies the next unused index if appropriate (for  example
the and commands) otherwise the current window in is chosen.  The
following  special  tokens  are  available to indicate particular
windows.  Each has a single-character alternative form.   (or  or
may be a pane ID or takes a similar form to but with the optional
addition of a period followed by a pane index or pane ID, for ex‐
ample: If the pane index is omitted, the currently active pane in
the  specified  window is used.  The following special tokens are
available for the pane index: The tokens and may be  followed  by
an  offset,  for example: select-window -t:+2 In addition, or may
consist entirely of the token (alternative form  to  specify  the
session,  window  or  pane  where the most recent mouse event oc‐
curred (see the section) or  (alternative  form  to  specify  the
marked  pane  (see  Sessions,  window and panes are each numbered
with a unique ID; session IDs are prefixed with a windows with  a
and  panes with a These are unique and are unchanged for the life
of the session, window or pane in the server.   The  pane  ID  is
passed  to the child process of the pane in the environment vari‐
able.  IDs may be displayed using the or formats  (see  the  sec‐
tion)  and the or commands.  arguments are commands.  This may be
a single argument passed to the shell,  for  example:  new-window
'vi  ~/.tmux.conf'  Will  run: /bin/sh -c 'vi ~/.tmux.conf' Addi‐
tionally, the and commands allow to be given  as  multiple  argu‐
ments  and  executed directly (without This can avoid issues with
shell quoting.  For example: $ tmux  new-window  vi  ~/.tmux.conf
Will  run  directly without invoking the shell.  refers to a com‐
mand, either passed with the command  and  arguments  separately,
for  example:  bind-key  F1  set-option status off Or passed as a
single string argument in for example: bind-key F1  {  set-option
status   off   }   Example   commands   include:   refresh-client
-t/dev/ttyp2

rename-session -tfirst newname

set-option -wt:0 monitor-activity on

new-window ; split-window -d

bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; \          display-message
"source-file done" Or from $ tmux kill-window -t :1

$ tmux new-window \; split-window -d

$ tmux new-session -d 'vi ~/.tmux.conf' \; split-window -d \; at‐
tach  The  server  manages  clients, sessions, windows and panes.
Clients are attached to sessions to interact  with  them,  either
when  they  are  created with the command, or later with the com‐
mand.  Each session has one or more windows into it.  Windows may
be linked to multiple sessions and are made up  of  one  or  more
panes,  each  of  which contains a pseudo terminal.  Commands for
creating, linking and otherwise manipulating windows are  covered
in  the  section.  The following commands are available to manage
clients and sessions: If run from outside create a new client  in
the current terminal and attach it to If used from inside, switch
the  current client.  If is specified, any other clients attached
to the session are detached.  If is given,  send  to  the  parent
process  of the client as well as detaching the client, typically
causing it to exit.  sets a comma-separated list of client flags.
The flags are: the client has  an  independent  active  pane  the
client  does not affect the size of other clients the client does
not receive pane output in control mode output is paused once the
pane is behind in control mode the client is read-only  wait  for
an  empty  line  input  before  exiting in control mode A leading
turns a flag off if the client is already attached.  is an  alias
for  When  a  client is read-only, only keys bound to the or com‐
mands have any effect.  A client with the flag allows the  active
pane  to  be  selected  independently of the window's active pane
used by clients without the flag.  This only affects  the  cursor
position and commands issued from the client; other features such
as hooks and styles continue to use the window's active pane.  If
no  server  is  started, will attempt to start it; this will fail
unless sessions are created in the configuration file.  The rules
for are slightly adjusted: if needs to select the  most  recently
used  session,  it  will  prefer  the most recently used session.
will set the session working directory (used for new windows)  to
If  is  used, the option will not be applied.  Detach the current
client if bound to a  key,  the  client  specified  with  or  all
clients currently attached to the session specified by The option
kills all but the client given with If is given, send to the par‐
ent  process  of  the client, typically causing it to exit.  With
run to replace the client.  Report an error and exit  with  1  if
the  specified  session  does  not exist.  If it does exist, exit
with 0.  Kill the server and clients and  destroy  all  sessions.
Destroy  the  given session, closing any windows linked to it and
no other sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it.   If
is given, all sessions but the specified one is killed.  The flag
clears  alerts (bell, activity, or silence) in all windows linked
to the session.  List all clients attached to the server.  speci‐
fies the format of each line and  a  filter.   Only  clients  for
which  the  filter  is  true  are shown.  See the section.  If is
specified, list only clients connected to that session.  List the
syntax of or - if omitted - of all commands supported by List all
sessions managed by the server.  specifies  the  format  of  each
line  and  a  filter.  Only sessions for which the filter is true
are shown.  See the section.  Lock see  the  command.   Lock  all
clients  attached  to Create a new session with name The new ses‐
sion is attached to the current terminal unless  is  given.   and
are  the name of and shell command to execute in the initial win‐
dow.  With the initial size comes from the global option; and can
be used to specify a different size.  uses the size of  the  cur‐
rent  client  if  any.  If or is given, the option is set for the
session.  sets a comma-separated list of client flags (see If run
from a terminal, any special characters are saved  and  used  for
new  windows  in  the new session.  The flag makes behave like if
already exists; if is given, behaves like to and behaves like  to
If  is given, it specifies a Sessions in the same group share the
same set of windows - new windows are linked to all  sessions  in
the  group and any windows closed removed from all sessions.  The
current and previous window and any session options remain  inde‐
pendent  and any session in a group may be killed without affect‐
ing the others.  The argument may be: the  name  of  an  existing
group,  in which case the new session is added to that group; the
name of an existing session - the new session  is  added  to  the
same  group  as  that session, creating a new group if necessary;
the name for a new group containing only the  new  session.   and
are  invalid if is used.  The option prints information about the
new session after it has been created.  By default, it  uses  the
format  but  a different format may be specified with If is used,
the option will not be applied.  takes the form and sets an envi‐
ronment variable for the newly created session; it may be  speci‐
fied  multiple  times.   Refresh the current client if bound to a
key, or a single client if one is given  with  If  is  specified,
only  update  the  client's status line.  The and flags allow the
visible portion of a window which is larger than the client to be
changed.  moves the visible part up by rows  and  down,  left  by
columns and right.  returns to tracking the cursor automatically.
If  is  omitted,  1 is used.  Note that the visible position is a
property of the client not of the window,  changing  the  current
window in the attached session will reset it.  sets the width and
height of a control mode client or of a window for a control mode
client,  must  be  one of or for example or allows a control mode
client to trigger actions on a pane.  The argument is a  pane  ID
(with  leading  a  colon,  then one of or If will not send output
from the pane to the client and if all clients  have  turned  the
pane  off,  will  stop  reading from the pane.  If will return to
sending output to the pane if it was paused (manually or with the
flag).  If will pause the pane.  may be given multiple times  for
different  panes.   sets a subscription to a format for a control
mode client.  The argument is split into three items  by  colons:
is  a  name  for the subscription; is a type of item to subscribe
to; is the format.  After a subscription is added, changes to the
format are reported with the notification, at most once a second.
If only the name is given, the subscription is removed.   may  be
empty  to  check the format only for the attached session, or one
of: a pane ID such as for all panes in the  attached  session;  a
window  ID  such  as  or for all windows in the attached session.
sets a comma-separated list of client  flags,  see  requests  the
clipboard  from  the  client  using  the  escape sequence.  If is
given, the clipboard is sent (in encoded form), otherwise  it  is
stored  in  a  new paste buffer.  and move the visible portion of
the window left, right, up or down by if  the  window  is  larger
than the client.  resets so that the position follows the cursor.
See  the  option.   Rename  the  session  to Change the access or
read/write permission of The user running the server (its  owner)
and  the root user cannot be changed and are always permitted ac‐
cess.  and are used to give or revoke access  for  the  specified
user.   If  the  user  is already attached, the flag causes their
clients to be detached.  and change  the  permissions  for  makes
their  clients read-only and writable.  lists current access per‐
missions.  By default, the access list is empty and creates sock‐
ets with file system permissions preventing access  by  any  user
other  than  the  owner  (and  root).   These permissions must be
changed manually.  Great care should be taken not to allow access
to untrusted users even read-only.  Show server messages  or  in‐
formation.  Messages are stored, up to a maximum of the limit set
by  the server option.  and show debugging information about jobs
and terminals.  Execute commands from one or more files specified
by (which may be patterns).  If is present, then is expanded as a
format.  If is given, no error will be returned if does  not  ex‐
ist.   With  the  file  is  parsed  but no commands are executed.
shows the parsed commands and line numbers  if  possible.   Start
the  server,  if  not  already running, without creating any ses‐
sions.  Note that as by default the server will exit with no ses‐
sions, this is only useful if a session is created in  is  turned
off,  or  another  command is run as part of the same command se‐
quence.  For example: $ tmux start \; show -g Suspend a client by
sending (tty stop).  Switch the current session for client to  As
a special case, may refer to a pane (a target that contains or to
change  session, window and pane.  In that case, keeps the window
zoomed if it was zoomed.  If or is used, the client is  moved  to
the  last,  next  or  previous session respectively.  toggles the
client and flags (see the command).  If is used, option will  not
be  applied.   sets the client's key table; the next key from the
client will be interpreted from This may  be  used  to  configure
multiple  prefix  keys, or to bind commands to sequences of keys.
For example, to make typing run the command: bind-key -Ttable2  c
list-keys  bind-key  -Ttable1  b  switch-client -Ttable2 bind-key
-Troot   a switch-client -Ttable1 Each window displayed by may be
split into one or more each pane takes up a certain area  of  the
display  and  is a separate terminal.  A window may be split into
panes using the command.  Windows may be split horizontally (with
the flag) or vertically.  Panes may be resized with  the  command
(bound  to  and by default), the current pane may be changed with
the command and the and commands may be used to swap panes  with‐
out  changing  their position.  Panes are numbered beginning from
zero in the order they are created.  By default, a  pane  permits
direct  access to the terminal contained in the pane.  A pane may
also be put into one of several modes: Copy mode, which permits a
section of a window or its history to be copied to  a  for  later
insertion  into  another  window.   This mode is entered with the
command, bound to by default.  Copied text can be pasted with the
command, bound to View mode, which is like copy mode but  is  en‐
tered  when  a  command that produces output, such as is executed
from a key binding.  Choose mode, which allows an item to be cho‐
sen from a list.  This may be a client, a session  or  window  or
pane,  or  a buffer.  This mode is entered with the and commands.
In copy mode an indicator is displayed in the top-right corner of
the pane with the current position and the number of lines in the
history.  Commands are sent to copy mode using the  flag  to  the
command.  When a key is pressed, copy mode automatically uses one
of two key tables, depending on the option: for emacs, or for vi.
Key  tables  may  be viewed with the command.  The following com‐
mands are supported in copy mode: Append the selection to the top
paste buffer.  (vi: A) Append the  selection  to  the  top  paste
buffer  and exit copy mode.  (vi: ^) (emacs: M-m) Move the cursor
back to the indentation.  (vi: Space) (emacs: C-Space) Begin  se‐
lection.   (vi:  L) Move to the bottom line.  (vi: q) (emacs: Es‐
cape) Exit copy mode.  (vi: Escape) (emacs: C-g) Clear  the  cur‐
rent  selection.  Copy from the cursor position to the end of the
line.  is used to name the new paste buffer.  Copy from the  cur‐
sor position and exit copy mode.  Copy the entire line.  Copy the
entire  line  and  exit copy mode.  Copies the current selection.
(vi: Enter) (emacs: M-w) Copy the current selection and exit copy
mode.  (vi: j) (emacs: Down)  Move  the  cursor  down.   (vi:  h)
(emacs:  Left) Move the cursor left.  (vi: l) (emacs: Right) Move
the cursor right.  (vi: k) (emacs: Up) Move the cursor up.   (vi:
$)  (emacs: C-e) Move the cursor to the end of the line.  (vi: :)
(emacs: g) Move the cursor to a specific line.  (vi:  G)  (emacs:
M->)  Scroll  to the bottom of the history.  (vi: g) (emacs: M-<)
Scroll to the top of the history.  (vi: ;) (emacs: ;) Repeat  the
last  jump.   (vi:  F) (emacs: F) Jump backwards to the specified
text.  (vi: f) (emacs: f) Jump forward  to  the  specified  text.
(vi: M-x) (emacs: M-x) Jump to the last mark.  (vi: M) (emacs: M-
r)  Move  to the middle line.  (vi: %) (emacs: M-C-f) Move to the
next matching bracket.  (vi: }) (emacs: M-})  Move  to  the  next
paragraph.   Move  to  the next prompt.  (vi: w) Move to the next
word.  (vi: C-f) (emacs: PageDown) Scroll down by one page.  (vi:
C-b) (emacs: PageUp) Scroll up by one page.  (emacs: M-C-b)  Move
to  the  previous matching bracket.  (vi: {) (emacs: M-{) Move to
the previous paragraph.  Move to the previous  prompt.   (vi:  b)
(emacs:  M-b) Move to the previous word.  (vi: v) (emacs: R) Tog‐
gle rectangle selection mode.  (vi: r)  (emacs:  r)  Refresh  the
content  from  the  pane.   (vi:  n)  (emacs:  n) Repeat the last
search.  (vi: ?)  Search backwards for the specified text.   (vi:
/)  Search  forward  for  the specified text.  (vi: V) Select the
current line.  Select the current word.   (vi:  0)  (emacs:  C-a)
Move  the  cursor to the start of the line.  (vi: H) (emacs: M-R)
Move to the top line.  The search commands come in several  vari‐
eties:  and  search for a regular expression; the variants search
for a plain text string rather than a regular expression; perform
an incremental search and expect to be used with the flag to  the
command.   repeats the last search and does the same but reverses
the direction (forward becomes backward and backward becomes for‐
ward).  The and move between shell prompts, but require the shell
to emit an escape sequence (\033]133;A\033\\) to tell  where  the
prompts  are  located;  if the shell does not do this, these com‐
mands will do nothing.  The flag jumps to the  beginning  of  the
command  output  instead  of the shell prompt.  Copy commands may
take an optional buffer prefix argument which is used to generate
the buffer name (the default is so buffers are named and so  on).
Pipe  commands  take  a  command argument which is the command to
which the selected text is piped.  variants also copy the  selec‐
tion.   The  variants  of some commands exit copy mode after they
have completed (for copy commands) or when the cursor reaches the
bottom (for scrolling commands).  variants do not clear  the  se‐
lection.   The  next  and previous word keys skip over whitespace
and treat consecutive runs of either  word  separators  or  other
letters  as  words.   Word  separators can be customized with the
session option.  Next word moves to the start of the  next  word,
next  word  end  to the end of the next word and previous word to
the start of the previous word.   The  three  next  and  previous
space keys work similarly but use a space alone as the word sepa‐
rator.   Setting  to  the  empty  string makes next/previous word
equivalent to next/previous  space.   The  jump  commands  enable
quick  movement  within a line.  For instance, typing followed by
will move the cursor to the next character on the  current  line.
A  will  then jump to the next occurrence.  Commands in copy mode
may be prefaced by an optional repeat count.  With vi  key  bind‐
ings,  a prefix is entered using the number keys; with emacs, the
Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix  entry.   The  synopsis
for the command is: Enter copy mode.  The option scrolls one page
up.   begins  a  mouse  drag  (only valid if bound to a mouse key
binding, see hides the position indicator in the top right.  can‐
cels copy mode and any other modes.  copies from instead of spec‐
ifies that scrolling to the bottom of the history (to the visible
screen) should exit copy mode.  While in copy  mode,  pressing  a
key  other than those used for scrolling will disable this behav‐
iour.  This is intended to allow fast scrolling through a  pane's
history,  for example with: bind PageUp copy-mode -eu A number of
preset arrangements of panes are available, these are called lay‐
outs.  These may be selected with  the  command  or  cycled  with
(bound  to  by default); once a layout is chosen, panes within it
may be moved and resized as normal.  The  following  layouts  are
supported:  Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across
the window.  Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.  A large
(main) pane is shown at the top of the window and  the  remaining
panes  are spread from left to right in the leftover space at the
bottom.  Use the window option to specify the height of  the  top
pane.   Similar  to  but the large pane is placed on the left and
the others spread from top to bottom along the  right.   See  the
window  option.   Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over
the window in both rows and columns.  In addition, may be used to
apply a previously used layout - the command displays the  layout
of  each  window  in  a form suitable for use with For example: $
tmux list-windows 0: ksh [159x48]
    layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0} $ tmux  select-
layout  'bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}' automatically ad‐
justs the size of the layout for the current window  size.   Note
that  a layout cannot be applied to a window with more panes than
that from which the layout was originally defined.  Commands  re‐
lated  to  windows  and  panes are as follows: Break off from its
containing window to make it the only pane in With or the  window
is  moved to the next index after or before (existing windows are
moved if necessary).  If is given, the new window does not become
the current window.  The option prints information about the  new
window after it has been created.  By default, it uses the format
but a different format may be specified with Capture the contents
of  a pane.  If is given, the output goes to stdout, otherwise to
the buffer specified with or a new  buffer  if  omitted.   If  is
given,  the  alternate screen is used, and the history is not ac‐
cessible.  If no alternate screen exists, an error  will  be  re‐
turned  unless is given.  If is given, the output includes escape
sequences for text and background attributes.  also escapes  non-
printable  characters  as octal \xxx.  ignores trailing positions
that do not contain a character.  preserves  trailing  spaces  at
each  line's  end  and  preserves  trailing  spaces and joins any
wrapped lines; implies captures only any output that the pane has
received that is the beginning of an as-yet incomplete escape se‐
quence.  and specify the starting and ending line  numbers,  zero
is  the  first  line of the visible pane and negative numbers are
lines in the history.  to is the start of the history and to  the
end of the visible pane.  The default is to capture only the vis‐
ible contents of the pane.  Put a pane into client mode, allowing
a  client  to be selected interactively from a list.  Each client
is shown on one line.  A shortcut key is shown  on  the  left  in
brackets  allowing for immediate choice, or the list may be navi‐
gated and an item chosen or otherwise manipulated using the  keys
below.  zooms the pane.  The following keys may be used in client
mode: After a client is chosen, is replaced by the client name in
and  the result executed as a command.  If is not given, "detach-
client -t '%%'" is used.  specifies the initial sort  field:  one
of  (time),  or  (time).   reverses the sort order.  specifies an
initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero,
the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.   If  a
filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.  specifies the
format  for  each item in the list and a format for each shortcut
key; both are evaluated once for each line.  starts  without  the
preview.   This  command works only if at least one client is at‐
tached.  Put a pane into tree mode, where a  session,  window  or
pane may be chosen interactively from a tree.  Each session, win‐
dow or pane is shown on one line.  A shortcut key is shown on the
left  in  brackets allowing for immediate choice, or the tree may
be navigated and an item chosen or  otherwise  manipulated  using
the  keys below.  starts with sessions collapsed and with windows
collapsed.  zooms the pane.  The following keys may  be  used  in
tree  mode:  After a session, window or pane is chosen, the first
instance of and all instances of are replaced by  the  target  in
and  the result executed as a command.  If is not given, "switch-
client -t '%%'" is used.  specifies the initial sort  field:  one
of or (activity).  reverses the sort order.  specifies an initial
filter:  the  filter  is  a format - if it evaluates to zero, the
item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a  fil‐
ter  would  lead  to an empty list, it is ignored.  specifies the
format for each item in the tree and a format for  each  shortcut
key;  both  are evaluated once for each line.  starts without the
preview.  includes all sessions in any session groups in the tree
rather than only the first.  This command works only if at  least
one  client  is  attached.  Put a pane into customize mode, where
options and key bindings may be browsed and modified from a list.
Option values in the list are shown for the active  pane  in  the
current  window.  zooms the pane.  The following keys may be used
in customize mode: specifies an initial filter: the filter  is  a
format  -  if  it  evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not
shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a filter would lead to an empty
list, it is ignored.  specifies the format for each item  in  the
tree.  starts without the option information.  This command works
only if at least one client is attached.  Display a visible indi‐
cator of each pane shown by See the and session options.  The in‐
dicator is closed when a key is pressed (unless is given) or mil‐
liseconds  have passed.  If is not given, is used.  A duration of
zero means the indicator stays until a key is pressed.  While the
indicator is on screen, a pane may be chosen with  the  to  keys,
which  will cause to be executed as a command with substituted by
the pane ID.  The default is "select-pane -t '%%'".   With  other
commands  are  not  blocked  from  running until the indicator is
closed.  Search for a pattern or, with regular expression in win‐
dow names, titles, and visible content (but  not  history).   The
flags control matching behavior: matches only visible window con‐
tents,  matches  only the window name and matches only the window
title.  makes the search ignore case.  The default is  zooms  the
pane.   This  command  works  only  if at least one client is at‐
tached.  Like but instead of splitting and creating a  new  pane,
split  it  and  move into the space.  This can be used to reverse
The option causes to be joined to left of or above If is  omitted
and  a marked pane is present (see the marked pane is used rather
than the current pane.  Destroy the given pane.  If no panes  re‐
main  in the containing window, it is also destroyed.  The option
kills all but the pane given with Kill the current window or  the
window  at  removing  it from any sessions to which it is linked.
The option kills all but the window given with  Select  the  last
(previously  selected)  pane.   keeps the window zoomed if it was
zoomed.  enables or disables input to the pane.  Select the  last
(previously  selected)  window.   If  no is specified, select the
last window of the current session.  Link the window  at  to  the
specified  If  is  specified  and  no  such window exists, the is
linked there.  With or the window is moved to the next index  af‐
ter  or  before (existing windows are moved if necessary).  If is
given and exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is  generated.
If  is  given,  the  newly  linked window is not selected.  If is
given, is ignored and all panes on the server are listed.  If  is
given,  is  a  session  (or  the current session).  If neither is
given, is a window (or the current window).  specifies the format
of each line and a filter.  Only panes for which  the  filter  is
true  are shown.  See the section.  If is given, list all windows
on the server.  Otherwise, list windows in the current session or
in specifies the format of each line and a filter.  Only  windows
for  which  the filter is true are shown.  See the section.  Does
the same as This is similar to except the window at is  moved  to
With  all windows in the session are renumbered in sequential or‐
der, respecting the option.  Create a new window.   With  or  the
new  window  is  inserted  at  the next index after or before the
specified moving windows up if necessary; otherwise  is  the  new
window  location.  If is given, the session does not make the new
window the current window.  represents the window to be  created;
if  the  target already exists an error is shown, unless the flag
is used, in which case it is destroyed.  If is given and a window
named already exists, it is selected (unless  is  also  given  in
which case the command does nothing).  is the command to execute.
If  is not specified, the value of the option is used.  specifies
the working directory in which the new window is  created.   When
the  shell  command completes, the window closes.  See the option
to change this behaviour.  takes the form and sets an environment
variable for the newly created window; it may be specified multi‐
ple times.  The environment variable must be set to  or  for  all
programs  running  New  windows  will automatically have added to
their environment, but care must be taken not to  reset  this  in
shell  start-up files or by the option.  The option prints infor‐
mation about the new window after it has been  created.   By  de‐
fault, it uses the format but a different format may be specified
with  Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to
fit.  Move to the next window in the session.  If is  used,  move
to  the  next window with an alert.  Pipe output sent by the pro‐
gram in to a shell command or vice versa.  A  pane  may  only  be
connected  to  one command at a time, any existing pipe is closed
before is executed.  The string may contain the special character
sequences supported by the option.  If no is given,  the  current
pipe (if any) is closed.  and specify which of the output streams
are  connected to the pane: with stdout is connected (so anything
prints is written to the pane as if it were typed); with stdin is
connected (so any output in the pane is piped to Both may be used
together and if neither are specified, is used.  The option  only
opens  a  new pipe if no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to
be toggled with a single key, for example: bind-key C-p pipe-pane
-o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P' Move to the previous layout in the ses‐
sion.  Move to the previous window in the session.  With move  to
the previous window with an alert.  Rename the current window, or
the  window  at if specified, to Resize a pane, up, down, left or
right by with or or to an absolute size with or The is  given  in
lines or columns (the default is 1); and may be a given as a num‐
ber  of  lines  or columns or followed by for a percentage of the
window size (for example With the active pane is toggled  between
zoomed (occupying the whole of the window) and unzoomed (its nor‐
mal  position  in the layout).  begins mouse resizing (only valid
if bound to a mouse key binding, see trims all  lines  below  the
current cursor position and moves lines out of the history to re‐
place  them.  Resize a window, up, down, left or right by with or
or to an absolute size with or The is given  in  lines  or  cells
(the  default  is  1).  sets the size of the largest session con‐
taining the window; the size of the smallest.  This command  will
automatically  set to manual in the window options.  Reactivate a
pane in which the command has exited (see the window option).  If
is not given, the command used when the pane was created or  last
respawned is executed.  The pane must be already inactive, unless
is  given,  in which case any existing command is killed.  speci‐
fies a new working directory for the pane.  The  option  has  the
same  meaning  as  for the command.  Reactivate a window in which
the command has exited (see the window option).  If is not given,
the command used when the window was created or last respawned is
executed.  The window must be already inactive, unless is  given,
in  which  case  any existing command is killed.  specifies a new
working directory for the window.  The option has the same  mean‐
ing as for the command.  Rotate the positions of the panes within
a window, either upward (numerically lower) with or downward (nu‐
merically  higher).   keeps  the  window zoomed if it was zoomed.
Choose a specific layout for a window.  If is not given, the last
preset layout used (if any) is reapplied.  and are equivalent  to
the  and  commands.  applies the last set layout if possible (un‐
does the most recent layout change).  spreads  the  current  pane
and  any  panes next to it out evenly.  Make pane the active pane
in its window.  If one of or is used, respectively the  pane  be‐
low, to the left, to the right, or above the target pane is used.
keeps  the  window zoomed if it was zoomed.  is the same as using
the command.  enables or disables input to the  pane.   sets  the
pane  title.   and  are  used  to  set and clear the There is one
marked pane at a time, setting a new marked pane clears the last.
The marked pane is the default target for to and Select the  win‐
dow  at  and are equivalent to the and commands.  If is given and
the selected window is already the current  window,  the  command
behaves  like  Create  a  new pane by splitting does a horizontal
split and a vertical split; if neither is specified, is  assumed.
The  option specifies the size of the new pane in lines (for ver‐
tical split) or in columns (for horizontal split);  may  be  fol‐
lowed by to specify a percentage of the available space.  The op‐
tion  causes  the  new pane to be created to the left of or above
The option creates a new pane spanning  the  full  window  height
(with  or full window width (with instead of splitting the active
pane.  zooms if the window is not zoomed, or keeps it  zoomed  if
already zoomed.  An empty ('') will create a pane with no command
running  in  it.  Output can be sent to such a pane with the com‐
mand.  The flag (if is not specified or  empty)  will  create  an
empty pane and forward any output from stdin to it.  For example:
$  make  2>&1|tmux  splitw  -dI & All other options have the same
meaning as for the command.  Swap two panes.  If is used  and  no
source  pane  is specified with is swapped with the previous pane
(before it numerically); swaps with the next pane (after  it  nu‐
merically).   instructs  not  to change the active pane and keeps
the window zoomed if it was zoomed.  If is omitted and  a  marked
pane is present (see the marked pane is used rather than the cur‐
rent  pane.  This is similar to except the source and destination
windows are swapped.  It is an error if no window exists at If is
given, the new window does not become the current window.  If  is
omitted  and  a marked pane is present (see the window containing
the marked pane is used rather than the current  window.   Unlink
Unless is given, a window may be unlinked only if it is linked to
multiple  sessions - windows may not be linked to no sessions; if
is specified and the window is linked to only one session, it  is
unlinked  and  destroyed.   allows  a command to be bound to most
keys, with or without a prefix key.  When specifying  keys,  most
represent  themselves  (for  example to Ctrl keys may be prefixed
with or Shift keys with and Alt (meta) with In addition, the fol‐
lowing special key names are accepted: (Delete), to (Insert), and
Note that to bind the or keys, quotation marks are necessary, for
example: bind-key '"' split-window bind-key "'" new-window A com‐
mand bound to the key will execute for all keys which do not have
a more specific binding.  Commands related to key bindings are as
follows: Bind key to Keys are bound in a key table.   By  default
(without  -T),  the key is bound in the key table.  This table is
used for keys pressed after the prefix key (for example,  by  de‐
fault  is  bound  to in the table, so creates a new window).  The
table is used for keys pressed without the prefix key: binding to
in the table (not recommended) means a plain will  create  a  new
window.  is an alias for Keys may also be bound in custom key ta‐
bles  and  the command used to switch to them from a key binding.
The flag indicates this key may repeat, see the option.  attaches
a note to the key (shown with To view the  default  bindings  and
possible  commands,  see  the command.  List key bindings.  There
are two forms: the default lists keys  as  commands;  lists  only
keys with attached notes and shows only the key and note for each
key.   With  the  default  form, all key tables are listed by de‐
fault.  lists only keys in With the form, only keys  in  the  and
key  tables are listed by default; also lists only keys in speci‐
fies a prefix to print before each key and lists only  the  first
matching key.  lists the command for keys that do not have a note
rather  than  skipping  them.   Send a key or keys to a window or
client.  Each argument is the name of the  key  (such  as  or  to
send;  if  the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a
series of characters.  If is given, keys are sent to so they  are
looked up in the client's key table, rather than to All arguments
are  sent  sequentially from first to last.  If no keys are given
and the command is bound to a key, then that key  is  used.   The
flag  disables  key name lookup and processes the keys as literal
UTF-8 characters.  The flag expects each key to be a  hexadecimal
number  for  an  ASCII  character.   The flag causes the terminal
state to be reset.  passes through a mouse event (only  valid  if
bound  to a mouse key binding, see is used to send a command into
copy mode - see the section.  specifies a repeat  count  and  ex‐
pands  formats  in  arguments where appropriate.  Send the prefix
key, or with the secondary prefix key, to a window as if  it  was
pressed.   Unbind the command bound to and are the same as for If
is present, all key bindings are removed.   The  option  prevents
errors  being  returned.   The appearance and behaviour of may be
modified by changing the value of  various  options.   There  are
four  types  of option: and The server has a set of global server
options which do not apply to any particular window or session or
pane.  These are altered with the command, or displayed with  the
command.   In addition, each individual session may have a set of
session options, and there is a separate set  of  global  session
options.   Sessions which do not have a particular option config‐
ured inherit the value from the global session options.   Session
options  are set or unset with the command and may be listed with
the command.  The available server and session options are listed
under the command.  Similarly, a set of  window  options  is  at‐
tached  to  each  window  and a set of pane options to each pane.
Pane options inherit from window options.  This  means  any  pane
option  may  be set as a window option to apply the option to all
panes in the window without the option  set,  for  example  these
commands  will set the background colour to red for all panes ex‐
cept pane 0: set -w window-style bg=red set  -pt:.0  window-style
bg=blue  There  is also a set of global window options from which
any unset window or pane options are inherited.  Window and  pane
options are altered with and commands and displayed with and also
supports  user options which are prefixed with a User options may
have any name, so long as they are prefixed with and  be  set  to
any  string.   For  example:  $ tmux set -wq @foo "abc123" $ tmux
show -wv @foo abc123 Commands which set options are  as  follows:
Set  a pane option with a window option with a server option with
otherwise a session option.  If the option is not a user  option,
or may be unnecessary - will infer the type from the option name,
assuming  for  pane  options.  If is given, the global session or
window option is set.  expands formats in the option value.   The
flag  unsets an option, so a session inherits the option from the
global options (or with restores a global option to the default).
unsets an option (like but if the option is a  pane  option  also
unsets the option on any panes in the window.  depends on the op‐
tion  and may be a number, a string, or a flag (on, off, or omit‐
ted to toggle).  The flag prevents setting an option that is  al‐
ready set and the flag suppresses errors about unknown or ambigu‐
ous options.  With and if the option expects a string or a style,
is appended to the existing setting.  For example: set -g status-
left  "foo"  set -ag status-left "bar" Will result in And: set -g
status-style "bg=red" set -ag status-style "fg=blue" Will  result
in a red background blue foreground.  Without the result would be
the  default background and a blue foreground.  Show the pane op‐
tions (or a single option if is provided) with the window options
with the server options with otherwise the session  options.   If
the option is not a user option, or may be unnecessary - will in‐
fer  the  type  from  the option name, assuming for pane options.
Global session or window options are listed if  is  used.   shows
only the option value, not the name.  If is set, no error will be
returned  if is unset.  includes hooks (omitted by default).  in‐
cludes options inherited from a parent set of options,  such  op‐
tions are marked with an asterisk.  Available server options are:
Set the key sent by for backspace.  Set the number of buffers; as
new  buffers  are added to the top of the stack, old ones are re‐
moved from the bottom  if  necessary  to  maintain  this  maximum
length.   This is an array of custom aliases for commands.  If an
unknown command matches it is replaced with For  example,  after:
Using:  Is  equivalent  to: Note that aliases are expanded when a
command is parsed rather than when it is executed, so binding  an
alias with will bind the expanded form.  Set the default terminal
for  new  windows  created in this session - the default value of
the environment variable.  For to work correctly, this be set  to
or a derivative of them.  Give the command to pipe to if the copy
mode  command  is  used  without arguments.  Set the time in mil‐
liseconds for which waits after an escape is input  to  determine
if  it  is part of a function or meta key sequences.  The default
is 500 milliseconds.  Set the command used when runs  an  editor.
If  enabled (the default), the server will exit when there are no
active sessions.  If enabled, the server will exit when there are
no attached clients.  When or the escape sequence to  enable  ex‐
tended  keys  is  sent  to the terminal, if knows that it is sup‐
ported.  always recognises extended keys itself.  If this  option
is  will only forward extended keys to applications when they re‐
quest them; if will always forward the keys.  When enabled, focus
events are requested from the terminal if  supported  and  passed
through to applications running in Attached clients should be de‐
tached  and  attached  again  after changing this option.  If not
empty, a file to which will write command prompt history on  exit
and  load  it from on start.  Set the number of error or informa‐
tion messages to save in the message log for  each  client.   Set
the  number of history items to save in the history file for each
type of command prompt.  Attempt to set  the  terminal  clipboard
content  using  the  escape sequence, if there is an entry in the
description (see the section).  If set to will  both  accept  the
escape  sequence to create a buffer and attempt to set the termi‐
nal clipboard.  If set to will attempt to set the terminal  clip‐
board  but  ignore  attempts  by applications to set buffers.  If
will neither accept the clipboard escape sequence nor attempt  to
set the clipboard.  Note that this feature needs to be enabled in
by  setting  the resource: disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop Or
changing this property from the interactive menu  when  required.
Set  terminal  features for terminal types read from has a set of
named terminal features.  Each will apply appropriate changes  to
the  entry  in  use.  can detect features for a few common termi‐
nals; this option can be used to easily tell tmux about  features
supported by terminals it cannot detect.  The option allows indi‐
vidual capabilities to be set instead, is intended for classes of
functionality  supported  in  a  standard way but not reported by
Care must be taken to configure this only with features the  ter‐
minal  actually supports.  This is an array option where each en‐
try is a colon-separated string made up of a terminal  type  pat‐
tern (matched using followed by a list of terminal features.  The
available  features are: Supports 256 colours with the SGR escape
sequences.  Allows setting the system clipboard.  Allows  setting
the  cursor  colour.   Allows setting the cursor style.  Supports
extended keys.  Supports focus reporting.  Supports OSC 8  hyper‐
links.   Ignore function keys from and use the internal set only.
Supports DECSLRM margins.  Supports  mouse  sequences.   Supports
the OSC 7 working directory extension.  Supports the overline SGR
attribute.   Supports  the DECFRA rectangle fill escape sequence.
Supports RGB colour with  the  SGR  escape  sequences.   Supports
SIXEL  graphics.  Supports the strikethrough SGR escape sequence.
Supports synchronized updates.  Supports title  setting.   Allows
underscore  style  and colour to be set.  Allow terminal descrip‐
tions read using to be overridden.  Each entry is  a  colon-sepa‐
rated  string  made  up of a terminal type pattern (matched using
and a set of entries.  For example, to set the entry to  for  all
terminal  types  matching  The  terminal  entry  value  is passed
through before interpretation.  Set list of user-defined key  es‐
cape  sequences.  Each item is associated with a key named and so
on.  For example: set -s user-keys[0]  "\e[5;30012~"  bind  User0
resize-pane  -L  3  Available  session options are: Set action on
window activity when is on.  means activity in any window  linked
to  a  session causes a bell or message (depending on in the cur‐
rent window of  that  session,  means  all  activity  is  ignored
(equivalent  to  being off), means only activity in windows other
than the current window are ignored and  means  activity  in  the
current  window  is  ignored  but not those in other windows.  If
keys are entered faster than one in they are assumed to have been
pasted rather than typed and key bindings are not processed.  The
default is one millisecond and zero disables.  Set the base index
from which an unused index should be searched when a  new  window
is created.  The default is zero.  Set action on a bell in a win‐
dow  when  is  on.   The values are the same as those for Set the
command used for new windows (if not specified when the window is
created) to which may be any command.  The default  is  an  empty
string,  which  instructs to create a login shell using the value
of the option.  Specify the default shell.  This is used  as  the
login  shell for new windows when the option is set to empty, and
must be the full path of the executable.  When started  tries  to
set  a  default  value from the first suitable of the environment
variable, the shell returned by or This option should be  config‐
ured  when is used as a login shell.  Set the default size of new
windows when the option is set to manual or  when  a  session  is
created  with  The  value is the width and height separated by an
character.  The default is 80x24.  If destroy the  session  after
the  last  client has detached.  If (the default), leave the ses‐
sion orphaned.  If destroy the session only if it is in  a  group
and has other sessions in that group.  If destroy the session un‐
less  it is in a group and is the only session in that group.  If
(the default), the client is detached when the session it is  at‐
tached  to  is  destroyed.  If the client is switched to the most
recently active of the remaining sessions.  If the client is  de‐
tached  only  if there are no detached sessions; if detached ses‐
sions exist, the client is switched to the most recently  active.
If  or  the client is switched to the previous or next session in
alphabetical order.  Set the colour used by the command  to  show
the  indicator  for  the active pane.  Set the colour used by the
command to show the indicators for inactive panes.  Set the  time
in milliseconds for which the indicators shown by the command ap‐
pear.   Set the amount of time for which status line messages and
other on-screen indicators are displayed.  If set to 0,  messages
and  indicators are displayed until a key is pressed.  is in mil‐
liseconds.  Set the maximum number of lines held in  window  his‐
tory.  This setting applies only to new windows - existing window
histories  are not resized and retain the limit at the point they
were created.  Set the default key table to instead of  Lock  the
session  (like the command) after seconds of inactivity.  The de‐
fault is not to lock (set to 0).  Command  to  run  when  locking
each client.  The default is to run with Set the menu style.  See
the  section  on  how to specify Attributes are ignored.  Set the
selected menu item style.  See the section on how to specify  At‐
tributes  are  ignored.  Set the menu border style.  See the sec‐
tion on how to specify Attributes are ignored.  Set the  type  of
characters  used for drawing menu borders.  See for possible val‐
ues for Set status line message command style.  This is used  for
the  command  prompt  with keys when in command mode.  For how to
specify see the section.  Set line on which status line  messages
and the command prompt are shown.  Set status line message style.
This is used for messages and for the command prompt.  For how to
specify  see  the  section.  If on, captures the mouse and allows
mouse events to be bound as key bindings.  See  the  section  for
details.   Set  the key accepted as a prefix key.  In addition to
the standard keys described under can be set to the  special  key
to  set no prefix.  Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key.
Like can be set to If on, when a window is closed in  a  session,
automatically  renumber  the  other  windows  in numerical order.
This respects the option if it has been  set.   If  off,  do  not
renumber  the  windows.   Allow  multiple  commands to be entered
without pressing the prefix-key again in the specified  millisec‐
onds (the default is 500).  Whether a key repeats may be set when
it  is  bound using the flag to Repeat is enabled for the default
keys bound to the command.  Attempt to set  the  client  terminal
title  using  the  and entries if they exist.  automatically sets
these to the \e]0;...\007 sequence if the terminal appears to  be
This  option  is  off  by default.  String used to set the client
terminal title if is on.  Formats are expanded, see the  section.
Set action on window silence when is on.  The values are the same
as  those  for  Show or hide the status line or specify its size.
Using gives a status line one row in height; or more rows.  Spec‐
ify the format to be used for each line of the status line.   The
default  builds  the  top status line from the various individual
status options below.  Update the status line every seconds.   By
default,  updates will occur every 15 seconds.  A setting of zero
disables redrawing at interval.  Set the position of  the  window
list  in the status line: left, centre or right.  centre puts the
window list in the relative centre of the available  free  space;
absolute-centre  uses  the centre of the entire horizontal space.
Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in the status line, for  exam‐
ple  at  the command prompt.  The default is emacs, unless the or
environment variables are set and contain the string Display  (by
default  the  session name) to the left of the status line.  will
be passed through Also see the and sections.  For details on  how
the  names  and titles can be set see the section.  Examples are:
#(sysctl vm.loadavg) #[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default]  [#S]
The  default is Set the maximum of the left component of the sta‐
tus line.  The default is 10.  Set the style of the left part  of
the  status  line.   For how to specify see the section.  Set the
position of the status line.  Display to the right of the  status
line.   By  default, the current pane title in double quotes, the
date and the time are shown.  As with will be passed to and char‐
acter pairs are replaced.  Set the maximum of the right component
of the status line.  The default is 40.  Set  the  style  of  the
right  part  of the status line.  For how to specify see the sec‐
tion.  Set status line style.  For how to specify  see  the  sec‐
tion.   Set  list  of environment variables to be copied into the
session environment when a new session is created or an  existing
session  is  attached.   Any  variables  that do not exist in the
source environment are set to be removed from the  session  envi‐
ronment  (as if was given to the command).  If on, display a mes‐
sage instead of sending a bell when activity occurs in  a  window
for  which  the window option is enabled.  If set to both, a bell
and a message are produced.  If on, a message is shown on a  bell
in  a window for which the window option is enabled instead of it
being passed through to the  terminal  (which  normally  makes  a
sound).  If set to both, a bell and a message are produced.  Also
see the option.  If is enabled, prints a message after the inter‐
val  has expired on a given window instead of sending a bell.  If
set to both, a bell and a message are produced.   Sets  the  ses‐
sion's  conception of what characters are considered word separa‐
tors, for the purposes of the next and previous word commands  in
copy mode.  Available window options are: Aggressively resize the
chosen  window.   This  means  that will resize the window to the
size of the smallest or largest  session  (see  the  option)  for
which  it is the current window, rather than the session to which
it is attached.  The window may resize when the current window is
changed on another session; this option is good  for  full-screen
programs  which support and poor for interactive programs such as
shells.  Control automatic window renaming.  When this setting is
enabled, will rename the window automatically  using  the  format
specified  by This flag is automatically disabled for an individ‐
ual window when a name is specified at creation with or or  later
with  or with a terminal escape sequence.  It may be switched off
globally with: set-option -wg  automatic-rename  off  The  format
(see  used  when  the  option is enabled.  Set clock colour.  Set
clock hour format.  Set the character used to fill areas  of  the
terminal unused by a window.  Set the width or height of the main
(left  or  top) pane in the or layouts.  If suffixed by this is a
percentage of the window size.  Set the style of  search  matches
in copy mode.  For how to specify see the section.  Set the style
of the line containing the mark in copy mode.  For how to specify
see  the  section.   Set the style of the current search match in
copy mode.  For how to specify see the section.  Use vi or emacs-
style key bindings in copy mode.  The default is emacs, unless or
contains Set window modes style.  For how to specify see the sec‐
tion.  Monitor for activity in the window.  Windows with activity
are highlighted in the status line.  Monitor for a  bell  in  the
window.   Windows with a bell are highlighted in the status line.
Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window  within  seconds.
Windows that have been silent for the interval are highlighted in
the  status  line.   An interval of zero disables the monitoring.
Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in the lay‐
out.  If this option is set to 0 (the default), it will  have  no
effect.  If both the and options are set, the main pane will grow
taller  to  make  the  other panes the specified height, but will
never shrink to do so.  If suffixed by this is  a  percentage  of
the  window  size.   Like but set the width of other panes in the
layout.  Set the pane border style for the currently active pane.
For how to specify see  the  section.   Attributes  are  ignored.
Like  but  set the starting index for pane numbers.  Set the text
shown in pane border  status  lines.   Indicate  active  pane  by
colouring  only  half  of  the border in windows with exactly two
panes, by displaying arrow markers, by drawing both  or  neither.
Set the type of characters used for drawing pane borders.  may be
one  of:  single lines using ACS or UTF-8 characters double lines
using UTF-8 characters heavy lines using UTF-8 characters  simple
ASCII  characters  the pane number and will fall back to standard
ACS line drawing when UTF-8 is not supported.  Turn  pane  border
status  lines  off  or  set  their position.  Set the pane border
style for panes aside from the active pane.  For how  to  specify
see  the  section.  Attributes are ignored.  Set the popup style.
See the section on how to specify Attributes  are  ignored.   Set
the  popup  border  style.  See the section on how to specify At‐
tributes are ignored.  Set the type of characters used for  draw‐
ing  popup  borders.   may  be  one of: single lines using ACS or
UTF-8 characters (default) variation of single with rounded  cor‐
ners  using  UTF-8 characters double lines using UTF-8 characters
heavy lines using UTF-8 characters simple ASCII characters simple
ASCII space character no border and will fall  back  to  standard
ACS  line  drawing  when UTF-8 is not supported.  Set status line
style for windows with an activity alert.  For how to specify see
the section.  Set status line  style  for  windows  with  a  bell
alert.  For how to specify see the section.  Like but is the for‐
mat  used when the window is the current window.  Set status line
style for the currently active window.  For how  to  specify  see
the  section.  Set the format in which the window is displayed in
the status line window list.  See the and sections.   Set  status
line  style  for  the last active window.  For how to specify see
the section.  Sets the separator drawn  between  windows  in  the
status  line.  The default is a single space character.  Set sta‐
tus line style for a single window.  For how to specify  see  the
section.   Configure  how  determines the window size.  If set to
the size of the largest attached session is used; if the size  of
the smallest.  If the size of a new window is set from the option
and windows are resized automatically.  With uses the size of the
client  that  had the most recent activity.  See also the command
and the option.  If this option is set, searches will wrap around
the end of the pane contents.  The default is on.  Available pane
options are: Allow programs in the pane to bypass using a  termi‐
nal escape sequence (\ePtmux;...\e\\).  If set to passthrough se‐
quences  will  be allowed only if the pane is visible.  If set to
they will be allowed even if the pane is invisible.   Allow  pro‐
grams  in the pane to change the window name using a terminal es‐
cape sequence (\ek...\e\\).  This option configures whether  pro‐
grams  running  inside  the  pane  may use the terminal alternate
screen feature, which allows the and capabilities.  The alternate
screen feature preserves the contents of the window when  an  in‐
teractive application starts and restores it on exit, so that any
output  visible before the application starts reappears unchanged
after it exits.  Set the  colour  of  the  cursor.   The  default
colour  palette.  Each entry in the array defines the colour uses
when the colour with that index is requested.  The index  may  be
from zero to 255.  Set the style of the cursor.  Available styles
are:  A pane with this flag set is not destroyed when the program
running in it exits.  If set to then only when the  program  exit
status  is  not  zero.  The pane may be reactivated with the com‐
mand.  Set the text shown at the bottom of exited panes  when  is
enabled.   When  the  entire screen is cleared and this option is
on, scroll the contents of the screen into history before  clear‐
ing  it.   Duplicate  input to all other panes in the same window
where this option is also on (only for panes that are not in  any
mode).   Set  the pane style when it is the active pane.  For how
to specify see the section.  Set the  pane  style.   For  how  to
specify see the section.  allows commands to run on various trig‐
gers, called Most commands have an hook and there are a number of
hooks  not  associated  with commands.  Hooks are stored as array
options, members of the array are executed in order when the hook
is triggered.  Like options different hooks may be global or  be‐
long  to a session, window or pane.  Hooks may be configured with
the or commands and displayed with or The following two  commands
are equivalent: set-hook -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-
left-style  bg=red'  set-option  -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g
status-left-style bg=red' Setting a hook  without  specifying  an
array  index clears the hook and sets the first member of the ar‐
ray.  A command's after hook is run after  it  completes,  except
when the command is run as part of a hook itself.  They are named
with  an  prefix.  For example, the following command adds a hook
to select the even-vertical layout after every set-hook -g after-
split-window "selectl even-vertical" All the notifications listed
in the section are hooks (without any arguments), except The fol‐
lowing additional hooks are available: Run when a window has  ac‐
tivity.  See Run when a window has received a bell.  See Run when
a window has been silent.  See Run when a client becomes the lat‐
est active client of its session.  Run when a client is attached.
Run  when a client is detached Run when focus enters a client Run
when focus exits a client Run when a client is resized.  Run when
a client's attached session is changed.   Run  when  the  program
running  in  a  pane exits, but is on so the pane has not closed.
Run when the program running in a pane exits.  Run when the focus
enters a pane, if the option is on.  Run when the focus  exits  a
pane,  if  the  option is on.  Run when the terminal clipboard is
set using the escape sequence.  Run when a new  session  created.
Run  when  a session closed.  Run when a session is renamed.  Run
when a window is linked into a session.  Run when a window is re‐
named.  Run when a window is resized.  This may be after the hook
is run.  Run when a window is unlinked from a session.  Hooks are
managed with these commands: Without sets (or with  unsets)  hook
to  The  flags  are  the same as for With run immediately.  Shows
hooks.  The flags are the same as for If the option  is  on  (the
default  is  off),  allows mouse events to be bound as keys.  The
name of each key is made up of a mouse event (such as and a loca‐
tion suffix, one of the following: The following mouse events are
available: The events are fired for the second click of a  double
click, even if there may be a third click which will fire instead
of  Each should be suffixed with a location, for example The spe‐
cial token or may be used as or in commands bound  to  mouse  key
bindings.  It resolves to the window or pane over which the mouse
event took place (for example, the window in the status line over
which button 1 was released for a binding, or the pane over which
the  wheel  was scrolled for a binding).  The flag may be used to
forward a mouse event to a pane.  The default key bindings  allow
the mouse to be used to select and resize panes, to copy text and
to change window using the status line.  These take effect if the
option is turned on.  Certain commands accept the flag with a ar‐
gument.  This is a string which controls the output format of the
command.   Format  variables  are enclosed in and for example The
possible variables are listed in the table below, or the name  of
a  option may be used for an option's value.  Some variables have
a shorter alias such as is replaced by a single by  a  and  by  a
Conditionals  are  available by prefixing with and separating two
alternatives with a comma; if the specified variable  exists  and
is  not zero, the first alternative is chosen, otherwise the sec‐
ond is used.  For example will include the string if the  session
is  attached  and the string if it is unattached, or will include
if is enabled, or if not.  Conditionals can be  nested  arbitrar‐
ily.   Inside  a  conditional,  and must be escaped as and unless
they   are    part    of    a    replacement.     For    example:
#{?pane_in_mode,#[fg=white#,bg=red],#[fg=red#,bg=white]}#W      .
String comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two  comma-sepa‐
rated  alternatives  by  or and a colon.  For example will be re‐
placed by if running on otherwise by and evaluate to true if  ei‐
ther  or  both  of two comma-separated alternatives are true, for
example An specifies an or regular  expression  comparison.   The
first  argument  is the pattern and the second the string to com‐
pare.  An optional argument specifies flags: means the pattern is
a regular expression instead of the default pattern, and means to
ignore case.  For example: or A performs a search for an  pattern
or  regular  expression in the pane content and evaluates to zero
if not found, or a line number if  found.   Like  an  flag  means
search  for  a regular expression and ignores case.  For example:
Numeric operators may be performed by prefixing  two  comma-sepa‐
rated alternatives with an and an operator.  An optional flag may
be given after the operator to use floating point numbers, other‐
wise  integers are used.  This may be followed by a number giving
the number of decimal places to use for the result.   The  avail‐
able  operators are: addition subtraction multiplication division
modulus or (note that must be escaped as  in  formats  which  are
also  expanded  by and numeric comparison operators and For exam‐
ple, multiplies 5.5 by 3 for a result with  four  decimal  places
and  returns the modulus of 7 and 3.  replaces a numeric argument
by its ASCII equivalent, so results in replaces a colour  by  its
six-digit  hexadecimal  RGB  value.  A limit may be placed on the
length of the resultant string by prefixing it by an a number and
a colon.  Positive numbers count from the start of the string and
negative from the end, so will include at  most  the  first  five
characters  of  the  pane  title, or the last five characters.  A
suffix or prefix may be given as a second argument - if  provided
then  it is appended or prepended to the string if the length has
been trimmed, for example will append if the pane title  is  more
than  five  characters.   Similarly,  pads  the string to a given
width, for example will result in a width of at least 10  charac‐
ters.   A  positive  width  pads  on  the left, a negative on the
right.  expands to the length of the variable and  to  its  width
when  displayed,  for example Prefixing a time variable with will
convert it to a string, so if gives gives Adding will use shorter
but less accurate time format for times in the  past.   A  custom
format may be given using an suffix (note that must be escaped as
if  the  format is separately being passed through for example in
the option): see The and prefixes are and of the variable respec‐
tively.  will escape special characters or with a suffix,  escape
hash characters (so becomes will expand the format twice, for ex‐
ample is the result of expanding the content of the option rather
than the option itself.  is like but also expands specifiers.  or
will  loop  over  each session, window, pane or client and insert
the format once for each.  For windows and panes, two comma-sepa‐
rated formats may be given: the second is used  for  the  current
window  or  active  pane.   For example, to get a list of windows
formatted like  the  status  line:  #{W:#{E:window-status-format}
,#{E:window-status-current-format}  } checks if a window (without
any suffix or with the suffix) or a  session  (with  the  suffix)
name exists, for example is replaced with 1 if a window named ex‐
ists.  A prefix of the form will substitute with throughout.  The
first  argument may be an extended regular expression and a final
argument may be to ignore case, for example would change  into  A
different  delimiter  character may also be used, to avoid colli‐
sions with literal slashes in the  pattern.   For  example,  will
substitute  with  throughout.   In  addition,  the last line of a
shell command's output may be inserted using  For  example,  will
insert  the system's uptime.  When constructing formats, does not
wait for commands to finish; instead, the  previous  result  from
running the same command is used, or a placeholder if the command
has  not been run before.  If the command hasn't exited, the most
recent line of output will be used, but the status line will  not
be  updated more than once a second.  Commands are executed using
and with the global environment set (see the section).  An speci‐
fies that a string should be interpreted literally  and  not  ex‐
panded.   For example will be replaced by The following variables
are available, where appropriate: offers various options to spec‐
ify the colour and attributes of aspects of  the  interface,  for
example for the status line.  In addition, embedded styles may be
specified  in  format options, such as by enclosing them in and A
style may be the single term to specify the default style  (which
may  come  from  an  option, for example in the status line) or a
space or comma separated list of the  following:  Set  the  fore‐
ground  colour.   The  colour  is one of: if supported the bright
variants to from the 256-colour set; for the default colour;  for
the  terminal default colour; or a hexadecimal RGB string such as
Set the background colour.  Set the underscore  colour.   Set  no
attributes  (turn  off  any  active  attributes).  (or Set an at‐
tribute.  Any of the attributes may be prefixed  with  to  unset.
is  the  terminal alternate character set.  (or Align text to the
left, centre or right of  the  available  space  if  appropriate.
Fill the available space with a background colour if appropriate.
Mark  the  position  of the various window list components in the
option: marks the start of the list; is the part of the list that
should be kept in focus if the  entire  list  won't  fit  in  the
available space (typically the current window); and mark the text
to  be  used  to mark that text has been trimmed from the left or
right of the list if there is not enough space.  Store  the  cur‐
rent colours and attributes as the default or reset to the previ‐
ous  default.   A  affects any subsequent use of the term until a
Only one default may be pushed (each replaces the previous  saved
default).   Mark  a range for mouse events in the option.  When a
mouse event occurs in the or range,  the  and  key  bindings  are
triggered.   and are ranges for a session, window or pane.  These
trigger the mouse key with the target  session,  window  or  pane
given by the argument.  is a session ID, window index in the cur‐
rent  session  or a pane ID.  For these, the format variable will
be set to or is a user-defined range; it triggers the mouse  key.
The  argument  will be available in the format variable.  must be
at most 15 bytes in length.  Examples are: fg=yellow bold  under‐
score  blink  bg=black,fg=default,noreverse distinguishes between
names and titles.  Windows and sessions have names, which may  be
used  to  specify them in targets and are displayed in the status
line and various lists: the name is the identifier for  a  window
or session.  Only panes have titles.  A pane's title is typically
set  by  the  program running inside the pane using an escape se‐
quence (like it would set the window title in Windows  themselves
do  not have titles - a window's title is the title of its active
pane.  itself may set the title of  the  terminal  in  which  the
client  is running, see the option.  A session's name is set with
the and commands.  A window's name is set with one of: A  command
argument  (such  as  for  or An escape sequence (if the option is
turned on): $ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\' Automatic renaming,
which sets the name to the active command in the window's  active
pane.   See  the option.  When a pane is first created, its title
is the hostname.  A pane's title can be set via the title setting
escape sequence, for example: $ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\' It
can also be modified  with  the  command.   When  the  server  is
started,  copies  the environment into the in addition, each ses‐
sion has a When a window is created, the session and global envi‐
ronments are merged.  If a variable exists  in  both,  the  value
from  the session environment is used.  The result is the initial
environment passed to the new process.  The session option may be
used to update the session environment from the client when a new
session is created or an old reattached.   also  initialises  the
variable  with  some internal information to allow commands to be
executed from inside, and the variable with the correct  terminal
setting  of Variables in both session and global environments may
be marked as hidden.  Hidden variables are not  passed  into  the
environment of new processes and instead can only be used by tmux
itself  (for  example  in formats, see the section).  Commands to
alter and view the environment are: Set or unset  an  environment
variable.   If is used, the change is made in the global environ‐
ment; otherwise, it is applied to the session environment for  If
is  present,  then  is  expanded  as a format.  The flag unsets a
variable.  indicates the variable is to be removed from the envi‐
ronment before starting a new process.   marks  the  variable  as
hidden.   Display  the  environment for or the global environment
with If is omitted, all variables are shown.   Variables  removed
from  the environment are prefixed with If is used, the output is
formatted as a set of Bourne shell commands.  shows hidden  vari‐
ables  (omitted  by  default).   includes an optional status line
which is displayed in the bottom line of each terminal.   By  de‐
fault,  the status line is enabled and one line in height (it may
be disabled or made multiple lines with the session  option)  and
contains,  from left-to-right: the name of the current session in
square brackets; the window list; the title of the active pane in
double quotes; and the time and date.  Each line  of  the  status
line is configured with the option.  The default is made of three
parts:  configurable  left  and right sections (which may contain
dynamic content such as the time or output from a shell  command,
see  the  and  options below), and a central window list.  By de‐
fault, the window list shows the index, name and (if any) flag of
the windows present in the current session in ascending numerical
order.  It may be customised with the and options.  The  flag  is
one  of  the following symbols appended to the window name: The #
symbol relates to the window option.  The window name is  printed
in  inverted  colours  if an alert (bell, activity or silence) is
present.  The colour and attributes of the  status  line  may  be
configured,  the  entire status line using the session option and
individual windows using the window option.  The status  line  is
automatically refreshed at interval if it has changed, the inter‐
val  may be controlled with the session option.  Commands related
to the status line are as follows: Clear  status  prompt  history
for  prompt type If is omitted, then clear history for all types.
See for possible values for Open the command prompt in a  client.
This  may  be used from inside to execute commands interactively.
If is specified, it is used as the command.  With is expanded  as
a  format.   If present, is a comma-separated list of the initial
text for each prompt.  If is given, is a comma-separated list  of
prompts  which  are displayed in order; otherwise a single prompt
is displayed, constructed from if it is present, or if not.   Be‐
fore  the command is executed, the first occurrence of the string
and all occurrences of are replaced by the response to the  first
prompt,  all are replaced with the response to the second prompt,
and so on for further prompts.  Up to nine prompt  responses  may
be  replaced  to  is  like  but  any quotation marks are escaped.
makes the prompt only accept one key press, in this case the  re‐
sulting  input  is a single character.  is like but the key press
is translated to a key name.  makes the prompt  only  accept  nu‐
meric  key  presses.   executes the command every time the prompt
input changes instead of when the user exits the command  prompt.
tells the prompt type.  This affects what completions are offered
when  is  pressed.   Available  types are: and The following keys
have a special meaning in the command prompt,  depending  on  the
value  of  the option: With the prompt is shown in the background
and the invoking client does not exit until it is dismissed.  Ask
for confirmation before executing If is given, is the  prompt  to
display;  otherwise  a  prompt is constructed from It may contain
the special character sequences supported by  the  option.   With
the  prompt  is  shown  in the background and the invoking client
does not exit until it is dismissed.  changes the default  behav‐
iour  (if  Enter  alone is pressed) of the prompt to run the com‐
mand.  changes the confirmation key to the default is  Display  a
menu  on  gives the target for any commands run from the menu.  A
menu is passed as a series of  arguments:  first  the  menu  item
name,  second  the key shortcut (or empty for none) and third the
command to run when the menu item is chosen.  The name  and  com‐
mand  are formats, see the and sections.  If the name begins with
a hyphen (-), then the item is disabled (shown dim) and  may  not
be  chosen.  The name may be empty for a separator line, in which
case both the key and command should be omitted.  sets  the  type
of  characters  used  for drawing menu borders.  See for possible
values for sets the style for the selected menu  item  (see  sets
the  style  for  the  menu and sets the style for the menu border
(see is a format for the menu title (see sets the menu  item  se‐
lected  by default, if the menu is not bound to a mouse key bind‐
ing.  and give the position of the menu.  Both may be  a  row  or
column  number, or one of the following special values: Or a for‐
mat, which is expanded including the following  additional  vari‐
ables:  Each  menu  consists  of items followed by a key shortcut
shown in brackets.  If the menu is too large to fit on the termi‐
nal, it is not displayed.  Pressing the key shortcut chooses  the
corresponding  item.   If  the  mouse  is enabled and the menu is
opened from a mouse key binding, releasing the mouse button  with
an item selected chooses that item and releasing the mouse button
without an item selected closes the menu.  changes this behaviour
so that the menu does not close when the mouse button is released
without  an item selected the menu is not closed and a mouse but‐
ton must be clicked to choose an item.  The  following  keys  are
also  available:  Display  a message.  If is given, the output is
printed to stdout, otherwise it is displayed in the  status  line
for  up  to milliseconds.  If is not given, the option is used; a
delay of zero waits for a key press.   ignores  key  presses  and
closes only after the delay expires.  If is given, is printed un‐
changed.   Otherwise,  the format of is described in the section;
information is taken from if is given, otherwise the active pane.
prints verbose logging as the format is parsed and lists the for‐
mat variables and their values.  forwards  any  input  read  from
stdin  to  the  empty  pane given by Display a popup running on A
popup is a rectangular box drawn  over  the  top  of  any  panes.
Panes are not updated while a popup is present.  closes the popup
automatically  when  exits.   Two closes the popup only if exited
with success.  and give the position of the popup, they have  the
same meaning as for the command.  and give the width and height -
both  may  be  a  percentage (followed by If omitted, half of the
terminal size is used.  does not surround the popup by a  border.
sets the type of characters used for drawing popup borders.  When
is specified, the option is ignored.  See for possible values for
sets  the  style  for  the popup and sets the style for the popup
border (see takes the form and sets an environment  variable  for
the  popup;  it may be specified multiple times.  is a format for
the popup title (see The flag closes any  popup  on  the  client.
Display status prompt history for prompt type If is omitted, then
show  history  for  all types.  See for possible values for main‐
tains a set of named Each buffer may be either explicitly or  au‐
tomatically  named.  Explicitly named buffers are named when cre‐
ated with the or commands, or by renaming an automatically  named
buffer  with Automatically named buffers are given a name such as
and so on.  When the option is reached, the oldest  automatically
named  buffer  is deleted.  Explicitly named buffers are not sub‐
ject to and may be deleted with  the  command.   Buffers  may  be
added  using  or the and commands, and pasted into a window using
the command.  If a buffer command is used and no buffer is speci‐
fied, the most recently added automatically named buffer  is  as‐
sumed.  A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each
window.   By  default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be al‐
tered with the option (see the command above).  The  buffer  com‐
mands are as follows: Put a pane into buffer mode, where a buffer
may be chosen interactively from a list.  Each buffer is shown on
one line.  A shortcut key is shown on the left in brackets allow‐
ing  for  immediate  choice,  or the list may be navigated and an
item chosen or otherwise manipulated using the keys below.  zooms
the pane.  The following keys may be used in buffer mode: After a
buffer is chosen, is replaced by the buffer name in and  the  re‐
sult  executed  as  a command.  If is not given, "paste-buffer -b
'%%'" is used.  specifies the initial sort field:  one  of  (cre‐
ation), or reverses the sort order.  specifies an initial filter:
the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the
list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a filter would lead
to  an  empty list, it is ignored.  specifies the format for each
item in the list and a format for each  shortcut  key;  both  are
evaluated  once for each line.  starts without the preview.  This
command works only if at least one client  is  attached.   Remove
and  free  the  history for the specified pane.  also removes all
hyperlinks.  Delete the buffer named or the most  recently  added
automatically  named  buffer  if  not specified.  List the global
buffers.  specifies the format of each line and a  filter.   Only
buffers for which the filter is true are shown.  See the section.
Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from If is given,
the buffer is also sent to the clipboard for using the escape se‐
quence,  if possible.  Insert the contents of a paste buffer into
the specified pane.  If not specified,  paste  into  the  current
one.   With also delete the paste buffer.  When output, any line‐
feed (LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with a sep‐
arator, by default carriage return (CR).  A custom separator  may
be specified using the flag.  The flag means to do no replacement
(equivalent  to  a  separator  of  LF).   If  is specified, paste
bracket control codes are inserted around the buffer if  the  ap‐
plication  has requested bracketed paste mode.  Save the contents
of the specified paste buffer to The  option  appends  to  rather
than  overwriting  the  file.   Set the contents of the specified
buffer to If is given, the buffer is also sent to  the  clipboard
for  using  the escape sequence, if possible.  The option appends
to rather than overwriting the buffer.  The  option  renames  the
buffer  to Display the contents of the specified buffer.  Miscel‐
laneous commands are as follows: Display a large clock.   Execute
the  first  if (run with returns success or the second otherwise.
Before being executed, is expanded using the rules  specified  in
the section, including those relevant to With is run in the back‐
ground.   If  is given, is not executed but considered success if
neither empty nor zero (after formats are expanded).   Lock  each
client  individually  by running the command specified by the op‐
tion.  Execute using or (with a command in the background without
creating a window.  Before being executed, is expanded using  the
rules  specified  in the section.  With the command is run in the
background.  waits for seconds before starting the  command.   If
is  given,  the  current  working  directory  is set to If is not
given, any output to stdout is displayed in  view  mode  (in  the
pane  specified by or the current pane if omitted) after the com‐
mand finishes.  If the command fails, the  exit  status  is  also
displayed.   When  used without options, prevents the client from
exiting until woken using with the same channel.  When  is  used,
the  channel  is locked and any clients that try to lock the same
channel are made to wait until the channel is unlocked with  When
a  client detaches, it prints a message.  This may be one of: The
client was detached normally.  The client was  detached  and  its
parent  sent the signal (for example with The client's or was un‐
expectedly destroyed.  The client was killed with The  client  is
in  control  mode and became unable to keep up with the data from
The server exited when it had no  sessions.   The  server  exited
when  it  received The server crashed or otherwise exited without
telling the client the reason.  understands some  unofficial  ex‐
tensions  to  It is not normally necessary to set these manually,
instead the option should be used.  An  existing  extension  that
tells  the terminal supports default colours.  Tell that the ter‐
minal supports the VTE bidirectional text  extensions.   Set  the
cursor  colour.   The first takes a single string argument and is
used to set the colour; the second takes  no  arguments  and  re‐
stores  the  default  cursor  colour.  If set, a sequence such as
this may be used to change the cursor colour from inside $ printf
'\033]12;red\033\\' The colour is an colour, see Set, clear, dis‐
able or enable DECSLRM margins.  These are set  automatically  if
the terminal reports it is compatible.  Disable and enable brack‐
eted  paste.   These  are  set automatically if the capability is
present.  Disable and enable extended keys.  Disable  and  enable
focus  reporting.   These are set automatically if the capability
is present.  Set or clear a hyperlink annotation.  Tell that  the
terminal  does not use bright colors for bold display.  Tell that
the terminal supports rectangle operations.  Enable the  overline
attribute.  Set a styled underscore.  The single parameter is one
of:  0  for  no underscore, 1 for normal underscore, 2 for double
underscore, 3 for curly underscore, 4 for dotted underscore and 5
for dashed underscore.  Set the underscore colour or reset to the
default.  is for RGB colours and for ANSI or  256  colours.   The
argument  is  (red  * 65536) + (green * 256) + blue where each is
between 0 and 255.  Set or reset the cursor style.  If set, a se‐
quence such as this may be used to change the cursor to an under‐
line: $ printf '\033[4 q' If is not set, Ss with argument 0  will
be  used  to reset the cursor style instead.  Set the opening se‐
quence for the working directory notification.  The  sequence  is
terminated  using  the  standard  capability.  Indicates that the
terminal supports SIXEL.  Start (parameter is 1) or end  (parame‐
ter is 2) a synchronized update.  Indicate that the terminal sup‐
ports     the     RGB     escape     sequence    (for    example,
\e[38;2;255;255;255m).  If supported, this is used for  the  ini‐
tialize  colour  escape  sequence (which may be enabled by adding
the and capabilities to the entry).  This is  equivalent  to  the
capability.   Store the current buffer in the host terminal's se‐
lection (clipboard).  See the option  above  and  the  man  page.
This  is  an existing extension capability that tmux uses to mean
that the terminal supports the title set sequences and  to  auto‐
matically  set  some of the capabilities above.  offers a textual
interface called This allows applications to communicate with us‐
ing a simple text-only protocol.  In control mode, a client sends
commands or command sequences terminated by newlines on  standard
input.  Each command will produce one block of output on standard
output.   An output block consists of a line followed by the out‐
put (which may be empty).  The output block ends with  a  or  and
matching  or  have  three  arguments: an integer time (as seconds
from epoch), command number and flags (currently not used).   For
example:  %begin 1363006971 2 1 0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout
b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active) %end 1363006971 2 1 The command may
be used to set the size of a client in control mode.  In  control
mode, outputs notifications.  A notification will never occur in‐
side  an  output block.  The following notifications are defined:
The client has detached.  The client is now attached to the  ses‐
sion with ID which is named An error has happened in a configura‐
tion  file.   The  pane has been continued after being paused (if
the flag is set, see The client is  exiting  immediately,  either
because  it  is not attached to any session or an error occurred.
If present, describes why the client exited.  New  form  of  sent
when the flag is set.  is the time in milliseconds for which tmux
had buffered the output before it was sent.  Any subsequent argu‐
ments up until a single are for future use and should be ignored.
The  layout  of  a window with ID changed.  The new layout is The
window's visible layout is and the window  flags  are  A  message
sent  with  the command.  A window pane produced output.  escapes
non-printable characters and backslash as octal \xxx.   The  pane
with  ID has changed mode.  Paste buffer has been changed.  Paste
buffer has been deleted.  The pane has been paused (if  the  flag
is set).  The client is now attached to the session with ID which
is  named  The current session was renamed to The session with ID
changed its active window to the window with  ID  A  session  was
created  or  destroyed.   The value of the format associated with
subscription has changed to See Any arguments after  up  until  a
single are for future use and should be ignored.  The window with
ID  was  created  but  is not linked to the current session.  The
window with ID which is not linked to the  current  session,  was
closed.   The  window  with ID which is not linked to the current
session, was renamed.  The window with ID was linked to the  cur‐
rent session.  The window with ID closed.  The active pane in the
window with ID changed to the pane with ID The window with ID was
renamed to When is started, it inspects the following environment
variables: If the command specified in this variable contains the
string  and  is  unset, use vi-style key bindings.  Overridden by
the and options.  The user's  login  directory.   If  unset,  the
database is consulted.  The character encoding It is used for two
separate  purposes.  For output to the terminal, UTF-8 is used if
the option is given or if contains or Otherwise, only ASCII char‐
acters are written and non-ASCII characters are replaced with un‐
derscores For  input,  always  runs  with  a  UTF-8  locale.   If
en_US.UTF-8  is  provided by the operating system, it is used and
is ignored for input.  Otherwise, tells what the UTF-8 locale  is
called  on the current system.  If the locale specified by is not
available or is not a UTF-8 locale, exits with an error  message.
The  date  and time format It is used for locale-dependent format
specifiers.  The current working  directory  to  be  set  in  the
global  environment.   This may be useful if it contains symbolic
links.  If the value of the variable does not match  the  current
working  directory,  the variable is ignored and the result of is
used instead.  The absolute path to the  default  shell  for  new
windows.   See  the  option for details.  The parent directory of
the directory containing the server sockets.  See the option  for
details.   If the command specified in this variable contains the
string use vi-style key bindings.  Overridden by the and options.
Default configuration file.  System-wide configuration file.   To
create  a  new session running Most commands have a shorter form,
known as an alias.  For new-session, this is  Alternatively,  the
shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted.  If there are
several  options, they are listed: $ tmux n ambiguous command: n,
could be: new-session, new-window, next-window Within  an  active
session,  a new window may be created by typing (Ctrl followed by
the key followed by the key).  Windows may be navigated with: (to
select window 0), (to select window 1), and so on; to select  the
next window; and to select the previous window.  A session may be
detached  using  (or  by an external event such as disconnection)
and reattached with: Typing lists the current key bindings in the
current window; up and down may be used to navigate the  list  or
to  exit  from it.  Commands to be run when the server is started
may be placed in the configuration  file.   Common  examples  in‐
clude:  Changing the default prefix key: set-option -g prefix C-a
unbind-key C-b bind-key C-a send-prefix Turning the  status  line
off,  or changing its colour: set-option -g status off set-option
-g status-style bg=blue Setting other options, such  as  the  de‐
fault command, or locking after 30 minutes of inactivity: set-op‐
tion -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh" set-option -g lock-after-
time 1800 Creating new key bindings: bind-key b set-option status
bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'" bind-key S
command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"

See for descriptions of the following attributes:

box;  cbp-1  |  cbp-1  l | l .  ATTRIBUTE TYPE  ATTRIBUTE VALUE =
Availability    terminal/tmux = Stability       Uncommitted



Source code for open source software components in Oracle Solaris
can be found  at  https://www.oracle.com/downloads/opensource/so‐
laris-source-code-downloads.html.

This software was built from source available at:
https://github.com/oracle/solaris-userland

The original community source was downloaded from:
https://github.com/tmux/tmux/releases/down‐
load/3.4/tmux-3.4.tar.gz

Further  information about this software can be found on the open
source community website at https://tmux.github.io/.



































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