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tmpnam(3c)
tmpnam(3C) Standard C Library Functions tmpnam(3C)
NAME
tmpnam, tmpnam_r, tmpnam_s, tempnam - create a name for a temporary
file
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>
char *tmpnam(char *s);
char *tmpnam_r(char *s);
char *tempnam(const char *dir, const char *pfx);
#define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 1
#include <stdio.h>
errno_t tmpnam_s(char *s, rsize_t maxsize);
DESCRIPTION
These functions generate file names for a temporary file. While these
functions check that no file currently exists with the generated name,
they cannot guarantee that no file will be created with that name be‐
tween the time of their check and the point at which the caller at‐
tempts to create such a file. Use of mkostemp(3C), mkstemp(3C), or tmp‐
file(3C) is thus recommended instead of these functions.
tmpnam()
The tmpnam() function always generates a file name using the path pre‐
fix defined as P_tmpdir in the <stdio.h> header. The default value for
P_tmpdir is /var/tmp. If that directory is not accessible, /tmp is
used. If s is NULL, tmpnam() leaves its result in a thread-specific
data area and returns a pointer to that area. The next call to tmpnam()
by the same thread will destroy the contents of the area. If s is not
NULL, it is assumed to be the address of an array of at least L_tmpnam
bytes, where L_tmpnam is a constant defined through inclusion of
<stdio.h>. The tmpnam() function places its result in that array and
returns s.
tmpnam_r()
The tmpnam_r() function has the same functionality as tmpnam() except
that if s is a null pointer, the function returns NULL.
tempnam()
The tempnam() function allows the user to control the choice of a di‐
rectory. The argument dir points to the name of the directory in which
the file is to be created. If dir is NULL or points to a string that is
not a name for an appropriate directory, the path prefix defined as
P_tmpdir in the <stdio.h> header is used. If that directory is not ac‐
cessible, /tmp is used. The environment variable TMPDIR, if set, will
override the path prefix value.
Many applications prefer that temporary files have certain initial
character sequences in their names. The pfx argument may be NULL or
point to a string of up to five characters to be used as the initial
characters of the temporary-file name.
Upon successful completion, tempnam() uses malloc(3C) to allocate space
for a string, puts the generated pathname in that space, and returns a
pointer to it. The pointer is suitable for use in a subsequent call to
free(). If tempnam() cannot return the expected result for any reason
(for example, malloc() failed), or if none of the above-mentioned at‐
tempts to find an appropriate directory was successful, a null pointer
is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.
tmpnam_s()
The tmpnam_s() function is part of the C11 bounds checking interfaces
specified in the C11 standard, Annex K. The tmpnam_s() function behaves
in a similar manner to the tmpnam() function with additional safety
checks on the parameters passed. See INCITS/ISO/IEC 9899:2011.
A runtime-constraint violation (see runtime_constraint_handler(3C))
will be generated if s is a null pointer, maxsize is greater than
RSIZE_MAX, or if the length of the generated temporary name including
the trailing NULL is greater than the value of maxsize. If a runtime-
constraint violation is generated, the temporary file name is not cre‐
ated.
ERRORS
The tempnam() function will fail if:
ENOMEM Insufficient storage space is available.
The tempnam_s() function will fail if:
EINVAL NULL pointer is passed
ERANGE maxsize argument is not valid, that is, greater than
RSIZE_MAX
EOVERFLOW Total length of generated string is greater than or equal
to maxsize
USAGE
These functions generate a different file name each time they are
called.
Files created using these functions and either fopen(3C), open(2), or
creat(2) are temporary only in the sense that they reside in a direc‐
tory intended for temporary use, and their names are unique. It is the
user's responsibility to remove the file when its use is ended.
If called more than TMP_MAX (defined in <stdio.h>) times in a single
process, these functions start recycling previously used names.
Between the time a file name is created and the file is opened, it is
possible for some other process to create a file with the same name. It
is recommended to use functions such as mkostemp(3C), mkstemp(3C), or
tmpfile(3C) to avoid this race condition by returning a file that has
been created and opened. If it is not possible to use one of those
functions, then the use of open(2) with O_CREAT|O_EXCL flags is recom‐
mended, followed by fdopen(3C) if a stdio stream is required.
When using the C11 Annex K functions, the tmpfile_s() function should
be used in favor of the tmpnam_s() function to avoid this race condi‐
tion. See INCITS/ISO/IEC 9899:2011.
The tmpnam() function is safe to use in multithreaded applications be‐
cause it employs thread-specific data if it is passed a NULL pointer.
However, its use is discouraged. The tempnam() function is safe in mul‐
tithreaded applications and should be used instead.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelSee below _
StandardSee below
The tmpnam(), tmpnam_r(), and tempnam() functions can be used safely in
multithreaded applications.
The tmpnam_s() function cannot be used safely in a multithreaded appli‐
cation due to the runtime constraint handler. For more information, see
the runtime_constraint_handler(3C) man page.
See standards(7) for descriptions of the following standards:
tab() box; cw(2.2i) |cw(3.3i) lw(2.2i) |lw(3.3i) INTERFACESAPPLICABLE
STANDARDS _ tempnam()T{
POSIX.1-2001 through 2008,
SUS through SUSv4,
XPG1 through XPG7
T} _ tmpnam()T{
C89 through C11
POSIX.1-1990 through 2008,
SUS through SUSv4,
XPG1 through XPG7
T} _ tmpnam_r()None _ tmpnam_s()C11 Annex K
The tempnam() and tmpnam() functions are marked obsolescent in
POSIX.1-2008 & XPG7, and may be removed in future versions.
SEE ALSO
open(2), unlink(2), fopen(3C), free(3C), malloc(3C), mktemp(3C),
mkostemp(3C), mkstemp(3C), tmpfile(3C), tmpfile_s(3C), attributes(7),
standards(7), runtime_constraint_handler(3C)
HISTORY
The tmpnam_s() function was added in Solaris 11.4.0. Solaris 11.4.0
also removed the requirement to define _REENTRANT before including the
header to expose the tempnam_r definition.
The tmpnam_r() function was added in Solaris 2.2 This definition was
only exposed in the header if _REENTRANT was defined before including
the <stdio.h> header.
The tmpnam() and tempnam() functions have been included in all Sun and
Oracle releases of Solaris.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 27 Aug 2025 tmpnam(3C)