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strtoul(3c)
strtoul(3C) Standard C Library Functions strtoul(3C)
NAME
strtoul, strtoull - convert string to unsigned long
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict str,
char **restrict endptr, int base);
unsigned long long strtoull(const char *restrict str,
char **restrict endptr, int base);
DESCRIPTION
The strtoul() function converts the initial portion of the string
pointed to by str to a type unsigned long int representation. First it
decomposes the input string into three parts: an initial, possibly
empty, sequence of white-space characters (as specified by is‐
space(3C)); a subject sequence interpreted as an integer represented in
some radix determined by the value of base; and a final string of one
or more unrecognised characters, including the terminating null byte of
the input string. Then it attempts to convert the subject sequence to
an unsigned integer, and returns the result.
If the value of base is 0, the expected form of the subject sequence is
that of a decimal constant, octal constant or hexadecimal constant, any
of which may be preceded by a + or − sign. A decimal constant begins
with a non-zero digit, and consists of a sequence of decimal digits. An
octal constant consists of the prefix 0 optionally followed by a se‐
quence of the digits 0 to 7 only. A hexadecimal constant consists of
the prefix 0x or 0X followed by a sequence of the decimal digits and
letters a (or A) to f (or F) with values 10 to 15 respectively.
If the value of base is between 2 and 36, the expected form of the sub‐
ject sequence is a sequence of letters and digits representing an inte‐
ger with the radix specified by base, optionally preceded by a + or −
sign. The letters from a (or A) to z (or Z) inclusive are ascribed the
values 10 to 35; only letters whose ascribed values are less than that
of base are permitted. If the value of base is 16, the characters 0x or
0X may optionally precede the sequence of letters and digits, following
the sign if present.
The subject sequence is defined as the longest initial subsequence of
the input string, starting with the first non-white-space character,
that is of the expected form. The subject sequence contains no charac‐
ters if the input string is empty or consists entirely of white-space
characters, or if the first non-white-space character is other than a
sign or a permissible letter or digit.
If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of base is
0, the sequence of characters starting with the first digit is inter‐
preted as an integer constant. If the subject sequence has the expected
form and the value of base is between 2 and 36, it is used as the base
for conversion, ascribing to each letter its value as given above. If
the subject sequence begins with a minus sign, the value resulting from
the conversion is negated. A pointer to the final string is stored in
the object pointed to by endptr, provided that endptr is not a null
pointer.
In other than the POSIX locale, additional implementation-dependent
subject sequence forms may be accepted.
If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form, no
conversion is performed; the value of str is stored in the object
pointed to by endptr, provided that endptr is not a null pointer.
The strtoull() function is identical to strtoul() except that it re‐
turns the value represented by str as an unsigned long long.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion strtoul() returns the converted value, if
any. If no conversion could be performed, 0 is returned and errno may
be set to EINVAL. If the correct value is outside the range of repre‐
sentable values, ULONG_MAX is returned and errno is set to ERANGE.
ERRORS
The strtoul() function will fail if:
EINVAL The value of base is not supported.
ERANGE The value to be returned is not representable.
The strtoul() function may fail if:
EINVAL No conversion could be performed.
USAGE
Because 0 and ULONG_MAX are returned on error and are also valid re‐
turns on success, an application wishing to check for error situations
should set errno to 0, then call strtoul(), then check errno and if it
is non-zero, assume an error has occurred.
Unlike strtod(3C) and strtol(3C), strtoul() must always return a non-
negative number; so, using the return value of strtoul() for out-of-
range numbers with strtoul() could cause more severe problems than just
loss of precision if those numbers can ever be negative.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-Safe _ Stan‐
dardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
isalpha(3C), isspace(3C), scanf(3C), strtod(3C), strtol(3C), attrib‐
utes(7), standards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 1 Nov 2003 strtoul(3C)