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string_to_decimal(3c)
string_to_decimal(3C) Standard C Library Functions string_to_decimal(3C)
NAME
string_to_decimal, file_to_decimal, func_to_decimal - parse characters
into decimal record
SYNOPSIS
#include <floatingpoint.h>
void string_to_decimal(char **pc, int nmax,
int fortran_conventions, decimal_record *pd,
enum decimal_string_form *pform, char **pechar);
void func_to_decimal(char **pc, int nmax,
int fortran_conventions, decimal_record *pd,
enum decimal_string_form *pform, char **pechar,
int (*pget)(void), int *pnread, int (*punget)(int c));
#include <stdio.h>
void file_to_decimal(char **pc, int nmax,
int fortran_conventions, decimal_record *pd,
enum decimal_string_form *pform, char **pechar,
FILE *pf, int *pnread);
DESCRIPTION
These functions attempt to parse a numeric token from at most nmax
characters read from a string **pc, a file *pf, or function (*pget).
They set the decimal record *pd to reflect the value of the numeric to‐
ken recognized and set *pform and *pechar to indicate its form.
The accepted forms for the numeric token consist of an initial, possi‐
bly empty, sequence of white-space characters, as defined by is‐
space(3C), followed by a subject sequence representing a numeric value,
infinity, or NaN. The subject sequence consists of an optional plus or
minus sign followed by one of the following:
o a non-empty sequence of decimal digits optionally containing
a decimal point character, then an optional exponent part
o one of INF or INFINITY, ignoring case
o one of NAN or NAN(string), ignoring case in the NAN part;
string can be any sequence of characters not containing ')'
(right parenthesis) or '\0' (null).
The fortran_conventions argument provides additional control over the
set of accepted forms. It must be one of the following values:
0 no Fortran conventions
1 Fortran list-directed input conventions
2 Fortran formatted input conventions, blanks are ignored
3 Fortran formatted input conventions, blanks are interpreted as ze‐
roes
When fortran_conventions is zero, the decimal point character is the
current locale's decimal point character, and the exponent part con‐
sists of the letter E or e followed by an optional sign and a non-empty
string of decimal digits.
When fortran_conventions is non-zero, the decimal point character is
"." (period), and the exponent part consists of either a sign or one of
the letters E, e, D, d, Q, or q followed by an optional sign, then a
non-empty string of decimal digits.
When fortran_conventions is 2 or 3, blanks can appear in the digit
strings for the integer, fraction, and exponent parts, between the ex‐
ponent delimiter and optional exponent sign, and after an INF, INFIN‐
ITY, NAN, or NAN(string). When fortran_conventions is 2, all blanks are
ignored. When fortran_conventions is 3, blanks in digit strings are in‐
terpreted as zeros and other blanks are ignored.
The following table summarizes the accepted forms and shows the corre‐
sponding values to which *pform and pd->fpclass are set. Here digits
represents any string of decimal digits, "." (period) stands for the
decimal point character, and exponent represents the exponent part as
defined above. Numbers in brackets refer to the notes following the ta‐
ble.
tab(); lw(1.64i) lw(2.01i) lw(1.85i) lw(1.64i) lw(2.01i) lw(1.85i)
form*pformpd->fpclass _ all white space [1]whitespace_formfp_zero dig‐
itsfixed_int_formfp_normal [2] digits.fixed_intdot_formfp_normal [2]
.digitsfixed_dotfrac_formfp_normal [2] digits.digitsfixed_intdot‐
frac_formfp_normal [2] digits exponentfloating_int_formfp_normal [2]
digits. exponentfloating_intdot_formfp_normal [2] .digits exponent‐
floating_dotfrac_formfp_normal [2] digits.digits exponentfloating_int‐
dotfrac_formfp_normal [2] INFinf_formfp_infinity INFINITYinfin‐
ity_formfp_infinity NANnan_formfp_quiet
NAN(string)nanstring_formfp_quiet none of the aboveinvalid_formfp_sig‐
naling
Notes:
1. The whitespace_form is accepted only when fortran_conven‐
tions is 2 or 3 and is interpreted as zero.
2. For all numeric forms, pd->fpclass is set to fp_normal if
any non-zero digits appear in the integer or fraction parts,
and otherwise pd->fpclass is set to fp_zero.
If the accepted token has one of the numeric forms and represents a
non-zero number x, its significant digits are stored in pd->ds. Leading
and trailing zeroes and the radix point are omitted. pd->sign and
pd->exponent are set so that if m is the integer represented by pd->ds,
−1**(pd->sign) * m * 10**(pd->exponent)
approximates x to at least 511 significant digits. pd->more is set to 1
if this approximation is not exact (that is, the accepted token con‐
tains additional non-zero digits beyond those copied to pd->ds) and to
0 otherwise.
If the accepted token has the NAN(string) form, up to 511 characters
from the string part are copied to pd->ds.
pd->ds is always terminated by a null byte, and pd->ndigits is set to
the length of the string stored in pd->ds.
On entry, *pc points to the beginning of a character string buffer. The
string_to_decimal() function reads characters from this buffer until
either enough characters are read to delimit the accepted token (for
example, a null character marking the end of the string is found) or
the limit of nmax characters is reached. The file_to_decimal() function
reads characters from the file *pf and stores them in the buffer. The
func_to_decimal() function reads characters one at a time by calling
the function (*pget)() and stores them in the buffer; (*pget)() must
return integer values in the range −1 to 255, where −1 is interpreted
as EOF and 0, ..., 255 are interpreted as unsigned char values. Both
file_to_decimal() and func_to_decimal() read characters until either
enough characters are read to delimit the accepted token, EOF is en‐
countered, or the limit of nmax characters is reached. These functions,
therefore, typically read one or more additional characters beyond the
end of the accepted token and attempt to push back any excess charac‐
ters read. Provided that the punget argument is not NULL, func_to_deci‐
mal() pushes back characters one at a time by calling (*punget)(c),
where c is an integer in the range 0 to 255 corresponding to a value
previously read via (*pget)(). After pushing back as many excess char‐
acters as possible, file_to_decimal() and func_to_decimal() store a
null byte in the buffer following the last character read and not
pushed back and set *pnread to the number of characters stored in the
buffer prior to this null byte. Since these functions can read up to
nmax characters, the buffer must be large enough to hold nmax + 1.
On exit, *pc points to the next character in the buffer past the last
one that was accepted as part of the numeric token. If no valid token
is found, *pc is unchanged. If file_to_decimal() and func_to_decimal()
successfully push back all unused characters, *pc points to the null
byte stored in the buffer following the last character read and not
pushed back.
If the accepted token contains an exponent part, *pechar is set to
point to the position in the buffer where the first character of the
exponent field is stored. If the accepted token does not contain an ex‐
ponent part, *pechar is set to NULL.
USAGE
If the _IOWRT flag is set in *pf, file_to_decimal() reads characters
directly from the file buffer until a null character is found. (The
_IOWRT flag should only be set when file_to_decimal() is called from
sscanf(3C).) Otherwise, file_to_decimal() uses getc_unlocked(3C), so it
is not MT-safe unless the caller holds the stream lock.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ MT-LevelMT-Safe with exceptions
SEE ALSO
isspace(3C), ctype(3C), decimal_to_floating(3C), getc_unlocked(3C), lo‐
caleconv(3C), scanf(3C), setlocale(3C), strtod(3C), ungetc(3C), attrib‐
utes(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 1 Oct 2003 string_to_decimal(3C)