screen(1) 맨 페이지 - 윈디하나의 솔라나라

개요

섹션
맨 페이지 이름
검색(S)

screen(1)

SCREEN(1)                   General Commands Manual                  SCREEN(1)



NAME
       screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation



SYNOPSIS
       screen [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]
       screen -r [[pid.]tty[.host]]
       screen -r sessionowner/[[pid.]tty[.host]]



DESCRIPTION
       Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical ter‐
       minal between several processes (typically interactive  shells).   Each
       virtual terminal provides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in
       addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429  (ECMA  48,  ANSI
       X3.64)  and ISO 2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for
       multiple character sets).  There is a  scrollback  history  buffer  for
       each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows moving
       text regions between windows.

       When screen is called, it creates a single window with a  shell  in  it
       (or  the  specified  command) and then gets out of your way so that you
       can use the program as you normally would.  Then, at any time, you  can
       create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including
       more shells), kill existing windows, view a list of windows, turn  out‐
       put  logging  on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows, view the
       scrollback history, switch between windows in whatever manner you wish,
       etc.  All  windows  run  their  programs completely independent of each
       other. Programs continue to run when their window is currently not vis‐
       ible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user's
       terminal.  When a program terminates, screen (per  default)  kills  the
       window  that  contained  it.  If this window was in the foreground, the
       display switches to the previous  window;  if  none  are  left,  screen
       exits.  Shells  usually  distinguish  between running as login-shell or
       sub-shell.  Screen runs them as sub-shells, unless told otherwise  (See
       shell .screenrc command).

       Everything  you type is sent to the program running in the current win‐
       dow.  The only exception to this is the one keystroke that is  used  to
       initiate  a  command  to  the window manager.  By default, each command
       begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is  followed
       by one other keystroke.  The command character and all the key bindings
       can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they are always
       two characters in length.

       Screen does not understand the prefix C- to mean control, although this
       notation is used in this manual for readability.  Please use the  caret
       notation (^A instead of C-a) as arguments to e.g. the escape command or
       the -e option.  Screen will also print out control characters in  caret
       notation.

       The standard way to create a new window is to type C-a c.  This creates
       a new window running a shell and switches to that  window  immediately,
       regardless  of  the state of the process running in the current window.
       Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command in  it  by
       first  binding the command to a keystroke (in your .screenrc file or at
       the C-a : command line) and then using it just like the C-a c  command.
       In addition, new windows can be created by running a command like:

              screen emacs prog.c

       from  a shell prompt within a previously created window.  This will not
       run another copy of screen, but will instead supply  the  command  name
       and its arguments to the window manager (specified in the $STY environ‐
       ment variable) who will use it to create the  new  window.   The  above
       example would start the emacs editor (editing prog.c) and switch to its
       window. - Note that you cannot transport environment variables from the
       invoking  shell  to the application (emacs in this case), because it is
       forked from the parent screen process, not from the invoking shell.

       If /etc/utmp is writable by screen, an appropriate record will be writ‐
       ten to this file for each window, and removed when the window is termi‐
       nated.  This is useful for working with talk, script, shutdown,  rsend,
       sccs and other similar programs that use the utmp file to determine who
       you are. As long as screen is active on your terminal,  the  terminal's
       own record is removed from the utmp file. See also C-a L.



GETTING STARTED
       Before  you  begin to use screen you'll need to make sure you have cor‐
       rectly selected your terminal type, just as you  would  for  any  other
       termcap/terminfo program.  (You can do this by using test for example.)

       If  you're  impatient  and want to get started without doing a lot more
       reading, you should remember this one command:  C-a  ?.   Typing  these
       two characters will display a list of the available screen commands and
       their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section DEFAULT  KEY
       BINDINGS.  The  manual section CUSTOMIZATION deals with the contents of
       your .screenrc.

       If your terminal is a true auto-margin terminal (it doesn't  allow  the
       last position on the screen to be updated without scrolling the screen)
       consider using a version of your terminal's termcap that has  automatic
       margins  turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update of
       the screen in all circumstances. Most  terminals  nowadays  have  magic
       margins  (automatic margins plus usable last column). This is the VT100
       style type and perfectly suited for screen.  If all  you've  got  is  a
       true  auto-margin terminal screen will be content to use it, but updat‐
       ing a character put into the last position on the  screen  may  not  be
       possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a safe
       position in some other way. This delay can be shortened by using a ter‐
       minal with insert-character capability.



COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
       Screen has the following command-line options:

       -a   include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each win‐
            dow's termcap, even if screen must redraw parts of the display  in
            order to implement a function.

       -A   Adapt  the  sizes of all windows to the size of the current termi‐
            nal.  By default, screen tries to restore  its  old  window  sizes
            when  attaching  to  resizable  terminals  (those  with  WS in its
            description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).

       -c file
            override the default configuration file  from  $HOME/.screenrc  to
            file.

       -d|-D [pid.tty.host]
            does  not  start screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen
            session. It has the same effect as typing C-a d from screen's con‐
            trolling  terminal.  -D is the equivalent to the power detach key.
            If no session can be detached, this option is ignored. In combina‐
            tion with the -r/-R option more powerful effects can be achieved:

       -d -r   Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.

       -d -R   Reattach  a  session  and if necessary detach or even create it
               first.

       -d -RR  Reattach a session and if necessary detach or  create  it.  Use
               the first session if more than one session is available.

       -D -r   Reattach  a  session.  If  necessary detach and logout remotely
               first.

       -D -R   Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is run‐
               ning,  then  reattach.  If necessary detach and logout remotely
               first.  If it was not running create it and  notify  the  user.
               This is the author's favorite.

       -D -RR  Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.

            Note:  It  is  always a good idea to check the status of your ses‐
            sions by means of screen -list.

       -e xy
            specifies the command character to be x and the character generat‐
            ing a literal command character to y (when typed after the command
            character).  The default is C-a and `a', which can be specified as
            -e^Aa.   When  creating  a  screen  session,  this option sets the
            default command character. In a multiuser session all users  added
            will  start off with this command character. But when attaching to
            an already running session, this option changes only  the  command
            character  of  the  attaching  user.  This option is equivalent to
            either the commands defescape or escape respectively.

       -f, -fn, and -fa
            turns flow-control on, off, or automatic switching mode.  This can
            also be defined through the defflow .screenrc command.

       -h num
            Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.

       -i   will  cause  the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interrupt the dis‐
            play  immediately  when  flow-control  is  on.   See  the  defflow
            .screenrc command for details.  The use of this option is discour‐
            aged.

       -l and -ln
            turns login mode on or off (for  /etc/utmp  updating).   This  can
            also be defined through the deflogin .screenrc command.

       -ls [match]
       -list [match]
            does  not  start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings
            identifying your screen sessions.  Sessions marked `detached'  can
            be resumed with screen -r. Those marked `attached' are running and
            have a controlling terminal. If  the  session  runs  in  multiuser
            mode,  it  is  marked  `multi'.  Sessions  marked as `unreachable'
            either live on a different host or  are  `dead'.   An  unreachable
            session  is considered dead, when its name matches either the name
            of the local host, or the specified parameter, if any.  See the -r
            flag  for a description how to construct matches.  Sessions marked
            as `dead' should be thoroughly checked and removed.  Ask your sys‐
            tem  administrator  if  you are not sure. Remove sessions with the
            -wipe option.

       -L   tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.

       -Logfile file
            By default logfile name is screenlog.0. You can  set  new  logfile
            name with the -Logfile option.

       -m   causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable. With screen
            -m creation of a  new  session  is  enforced,  regardless  whether
            screen  is  called from within another screen session or not. This
            flag has a special meaning in connection with the `-d' option:

       -d -m   Start screen in detached mode. This creates a new  session  but
               doesn't  attach  to  it.  This  is  useful  for  system startup
               scripts.

       -D -m   This also starts screen in detached mode, but  doesn't  fork  a
               new process. The command exits if the session terminates.

       -O   selects  an optimal output mode for your terminal rather than true
            VT100 emulation (only affects auto-margin terminals without `LP').
            This  can  also  be  set in your .screenrc by specifying `OP' in a
            termcap command.

       -p number_or_name|-|=|+
            Preselect a window. This is useful when you want to reattach to  a
            specific window or you want to send a command via the -X option to
            a specific window. As with screen's select command, - selects  the
            blank window. As a special case for reattach, = brings up the win‐
            dowlist on the blank window, while a + will create a  new  window.
            The command will not be executed if the specified window could not
            be found.

       -q   Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with  -ls  the
            exit  value  is  as  follows: 9 indicates a directory without ses‐
            sions. 10 indicates a directory with running  but  not  attachable
            sessions.  11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions.  In
            combination with -r the exit value is  as  follows:  10  indicates
            that  there  is  no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that
            there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and  you  should  specify
            which one to choose.  In all other cases -q has no effect.

       -Q   Some  commands now can be queried from a remote session using this
            flag, e.g. screen -Q windows. The commands will send the  response
            to  the  stdout  of the querying process. If there was an error in
            the command, then the querying process will exit with  a  non-zero
            status.

            The commands that can be queried now are:
             echo
             info
             lastmsg
             number
             select
             time
             title
             windows

       -r [pid.tty.host]
       -r sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]
            resumes  a detached screen session.  No other options (except com‐
            binations with -d/-D) may be specified, though an optional  prefix
            of  [pid.]tty.host  may  be needed to distinguish between multiple
            detached screen sessions.  The second form is used to  connect  to
            another  user's  screen session which runs in multiuser mode. This
            indicates that screen should look for sessions in  another  user's
            directory. This requires setuid-root.

       -R   resumes  screen  only  when  it's unambiguous which one to attach,
            usually when only one screen is detached. Otherwise  lists  avail‐
            able  sessions.   -RR attempts to resume the first detached screen
            session it finds.  If successful, all other  command-line  options
            are  ignored.  If no detached session exists, starts a new session
            using the specified options, just as if -R had not been specified.
            The  option  is  set  by default if screen is run as a login-shell
            (actually screen uses -xRR in that case).  For  combinations  with
            the -d/-D option see there.

       -s program
            sets  the  default  shell to the program specified, instead of the
            value in the  environment  variable  $SHELL  (or  /bin/sh  if  not
            defined).   This  can  also be defined through the shell .screenrc
            command.  See also there.

       -S sessionname
            When creating a new session, this option can be used to specify  a
            meaningful  name for the session. This name identifies the session
            for screen -list and screen -r actions. It substitutes the default
            [tty.host] suffix. This name should not be longer then 80 symbols.

       -t name
            sets  the  title  (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified pro‐
            gram.  See also the shelltitle .screenrc command.

       -T term
            Set the $TERM environment variable using  the  specified  term  as
            opposed to the default setting of screen.

       -U   Run  screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your ter‐
            minal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also sets
            the default encoding for new windows to `utf8'.

       -v   Print version number.

       -wipe [match]
            does  the  same  as  screen  -ls,  but  removes destroyed sessions
            instead of marking them as `dead'.  An unreachable session is con‐
            sidered  dead,  when its name matches either the name of the local
            host, or the explicitly given parameter, if any.  See the -r  flag
            for a description how to construct matches.

       -x   Attach  to  a  not  detached screen session. (Multi display mode).
            Screen refuses to attach from within itself.  But  when  cascading
            multiple screens, loops are not detected; take care.

       -X   Send  the  specified  command to a running screen session. You may
            use the -S option to specify the screen session if you  have  sev‐
            eral  screen  sessions running. You can use the -d or -r option to
            tell screen to look only for attached or detached screen sessions.
            Note  that  this  command  doesn't work if the session is password
            protected.


       -4   Resolve hostnames only to IPv4 addresses.

       -6   Resolve hostnames only to IPv6 addresses.

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
       As mentioned, each screen command consists of a  C-a  followed  by  one
       other  character.  For your convenience, all commands that are bound to
       lower-case letters are also bound to their control  character  counter‐
       parts  (with the exception of C-a a; see below), thus, C-a c as well as
       C-a C-c can be used to create a window. See section CUSTOMIZATION for a
       description of the command.

       The following table shows the default key bindings. The trailing commas
       in boxes with multiple keystroke entries are separators,  not  part  of
       the bindings.

       tab(;); lb l l.  _ C-a ';(select);T{ Prompt for a window name or number
       to switch to.  T} _ C-a ";(windowlist -b);T{ Present a list of all win‐
       dows  for  selection.   T} _ C-a digit;(select 0-9);T{ Switch to window
       number 0 - 9 T} _ C-a -;(select -);T{ Switch to window number 0 - 9, or
       to the blank window.  T} _ C-a tab;(focus);T{ Switch the input focus to
       the  next  region.   See  also  split,  remove,  only.   T}  _  C-a  C-
       a;(other);T{ Toggle to the window displayed previously.  Note that this
       binding defaults to the command character typed twice, unless  overrid‐
       den.   For  instance,  if you use the option -e]x, this command becomes
       ]].  T} _ C-a a  ;(meta);T{ Send the command character (C-a) to window.
       See  escape  command.   T} _ C-a A;(title);T{ Allow the user to enter a
       name for the current window.  T} _ T{ C-a b,
       C-a  C-b  T};(break);T{  Send  a   break   to   window.    T}   _   C-a
       B;(pow_break);T{ Reopen the terminal line and send a break.  T} _ T{ C-
       a c,
       C-a C-c T};(screen);T{ Create a new window with a shell and  switch  to
       that window.  T} _ C-a C;(clear);T{ Clear the screen.  T} _ T{ C-a d,
       C-a  C-d  T};(detach);T{  Detach screen from this terminal.  T} _ C-a D
       D;(pow_detach);T{ Detach and logout.  T} _ T{ C-a f,
       C-a C-f T};(flow);T{ Toggle flow on, off or auto.  T} _ C-a  F;(fit);T{
       Resize  the window to the current region size.  T} _ C-a C-g;(vbell);T{
       Toggles screen's visual bell mode.  T} _ C-a  h;(hardcopy);T{  Write  a
       hardcopy  of  the  current  window  to  the  file hardcopy.n.  T} _ C-a
       H;(log);T{ Begins/ends logging  of  the  current  window  to  the  file
       screenlog.n.  T} _ T{ C-a i,
       C-a C-i T};(info);T{ Show info about this window.  T} _ T{ C-a k,
       C-a C-k T};(kill);T{ Destroy current window.  T} _ T{ C-a l,
       C-a  C-l  T};(redisplay);T{  Fully  refresh  current  window.  T} _ C-a
       L;(login);T{ Toggle this windows login slot. Available only  if  screen
       is configured to update the utmp database.  T} _ T{ C-a m,
       C-a  C-m  T};(lastmsg);T{ Repeat the last message displayed in the mes‐
       sage line.  T} _ C-a M;(monitor);T{ Toggles monitoring of  the  current
       window.  T} _ T{ C-a space,
       C-a n,
       C-a C-n T};(next);T{ Switch to the next window.  T} _ C-a N;(number);T{
       Show the number (and title)  of  the  current  window.   T}  _  T{  C-a
       backspace,
       C-a C-h,
       C-a p,
       C-a C-p T};(prev);T{ Switch to the previous window (opposite of C-a n).
       T} _ T{ C-a q,
       C-a C-q T};(xon);T{ Send a control-q to the current window.  T}  _  C-a
       Q;(only);T{  Delete  all  regions but the current one.  See also split,
       remove, focus.  T} _ T{ C-a r,
       C-a C-r T};(wrap);T{ Toggle  the  current  window's  line-wrap  setting
       (turn  the current window's automatic margins on and off).  T} _ T{ C-a
       s,
       C-a C-s; T};(xoff);T{ Send a control-s to the current window.  T} _ C-a
       S;(split);T{  Split  the current region horizontally into two new ones.
       See also only, remove, focus.  T} _ T{ C-a t,
       C-a C-t T};(time);T{ Show system information.  T} _ C-a  v;(version);T{
       Display  the  version  and compilation date.  T} _ C-a C-v;(digraph);T{
       Enter digraph.  T} T{ C-a w,
       C-a C-w T};(windows);T{ Show a list of window.  T} _  C-a  W;(width);T{
       Toggle 80/132 columns.  T} _ C-a x or C-a C-x;(lockscreen);T{ Lock this
       terminal.  T} _ C-a X ;(remove);T{ Kill the current region.   See  also
       split, only, focus.  T} _ T{ C-a z,
       C-a  C-z T};(suspend);T{ Suspend screen.  Your system must support BSD-
       style job-control.  T} _ C-a Z;(reset);T{ Reset the virtual terminal to
       its  power-on values.  T} _ C-a .;(dumptermcap);T{ Write out a .termcap
       file.  T} _ C-a ?;(help);T{ Show key bindings.  T}  _  C-a  \;(quit);T{
       Kill  all  windows  and  terminate screen.  T} _ C-a :;(colon);T{ Enter
       command line mode.  T} _ T{ C-a [,
       C-a C-[,
       C-a esc T};(copy);T{ Enter copy/scrollback mode.  T} _ T{ C-a C-],
       C-a ] T};(paste .);T{ Write the contents of the  paste  buffer  to  the
       stdin queue of the current window.  T} _ T{ C-a {,
       C-a  }  T};(history);T{ Copy and paste a previous (command) line.  T} _
       C-a >;(writebuf);T{ Write paste buffer to a file.  T}  _  C-a  <;(read‐
       buf);T{ Reads the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer.  T} _ C-a
       =;(removebuf);T{ Removes the file used by C-a < and C-a >.   T}  _  C-a
       ,;(license);T{  Shows where screen comes from, where it went to and why
       you can use it.  T} _ C-a _;(silence);T{ Start/stop monitoring the cur‐
       rent window for inactivity.  T} _ C-a |;(split -v);T{ Split the current
       region vertically into two new ones.  T} _ C-a *;(displays);T{  Show  a
       listing of all currently attached displays.  T} _


CUSTOMIZATION
       The  socket  directory  defaults  either  to $HOME/.screen or simply to
       /tmp/screens or preferably to  /usr/local/screens  chosen  at  compile-
       time. If screen is installed setuid-root, then the administrator should
       compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket directory.  If
       screen  is  not  running setuid-root, the user can specify any mode 700
       directory in the environment variable $SCREENDIR.

       When screen is invoked, it executes initialization  commands  from  the
       files  /usr/local/etc/screenrc  and  defaults that can be overridden in
       the following ways: for the global screenrc file  screen  searches  for
       the  environment  variable  $SYSSCREENRC  (this override feature may be
       disabled at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is  searched
       in  $SCREENRC,  then $HOME/.screenrc.  The command line option -c takes
       precedence over the above user screenrc files.

       Commands in these files are used to  set  options,  bind  functions  to
       keys,  and to automatically establish one or more windows at the begin‐
       ning of your screen session.  Commands are listed one  per  line,  with
       empty lines being ignored.  A command's arguments are separated by tabs
       or spaces, and may be surrounded by single or  double  quotes.   A  `#'
       turns  the rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes.  Unintel‐
       ligible lines are warned about and ignored.  Commands may contain  ref‐
       erences  to environment variables. The syntax is the shell-like "$VAR "
       or "${VAR}". Note that this causes incompatibility with previous screen
       versions,  as  now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no
       variable substitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes  is
       also protected from variable substitution.

       Two  configuration  files are shipped as examples with your screen dis‐
       tribution: etc/screenrc and etc/etcscreenrc. They contain a  number  of
       useful examples for various commands.

       Customization  can  also  be  done 'on-line'. To enter the command mode
       type `C-a :'. Note that commands starting with def change default  val‐
       ues, while others change current settings.

       The following commands are available:

       acladd usernames [crypted-pw]

       addacl usernames

       Enable  users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one
       user or a comma separated list of users. This command enables to attach
       to  the screen session and performs the equivalent of `aclchg usernames
       +rwx "#?"'.  executed. To add a user with restricted  access,  use  the
       `aclchg'  command  below.  If an optional second parameter is supplied,
       it should be a crypted password for the named user(s).  `Addacl'  is  a
       synonym to `acladd'.  Multi user mode only.

       aclchg usernames permbits list

       chacl usernames permbits list

       Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission bits
       are represented as `r', `w' and `x'. Prefixing `+' grants  the  permis‐
       sion,  `-' removes it. The third parameter is a comma separated list of
       commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The spe‐
       cial  list `#' refers to all windows, `?' to all commands. if usernames
       consists of a single `*', all known users are affected.

       A command can be executed when the user has the `x' bit  for  it.   The
       user  can  type  input  to  a window when he has its `w' bit set and no
       other user obtains a writelock for this window.  Other  bits  are  cur‐
       rently  ignored.  To withdraw the writelock from another user in window
       2: `aclchg username -w+w 2'.  To allow read-only access to the session:
       `aclchg  username  -w "#"'. As soon as a user's name is known to screen
       he can attach to the session and (per default) has full permissions for
       all  command  and  windows.  Execution permission for the acl commands,
       `at' and others should also be removed or  the  user  may  be  able  to
       regain  write permission.  Rights of the special username nobody cannot
       be changed (see the su command).  `Chacl' is  a  synonym  to  `aclchg'.
       Multi user mode only.

       acldel username

       Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently attached,
       all the user's displays are detached from the session. He cannot attach
       again.  Multi user mode only.

       aclgrp username [groupname]

       Creates  groups  of  users that share common access rights. The name of
       the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of the group
       inherits  the  permissions  that  are granted to the group leader. That
       means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made  for  the
       group leader.  A user is removed from all groups the special value none
       is used for groupname.  If the second parameter is omitted  all  groups
       the user is in are listed.

       aclumask [[ users ] +bits | [ users ] -bits... ]

       umask [[ users ] +bits | [ users ] -bits... ]

       This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be cre‐
       ated by the caller of the command.  Users may be no,  one  or  a  comma
       separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of
       all currently known users is  assumed.   Bits  is  any  combination  of
       access  control  bits allowed defined with the aclchg command. The spe‐
       cial username ? predefines the access that not yet known users will  be
       granted  to  any  window initially.  The special username ?? predefines
       the access that not yet known users are granted to any command.  Rights
       of  the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the su command).
       `Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'.

       activity message

       When any activity occurs in a background window  that  is  being  moni‐
       tored, screen displays a notification in the message line.  The notifi‐
       cation message can be re-defined by  means  of  the  activity  command.
       Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of the win‐
       dow in which activity has occurred, and  each  occurrence  of  `^G'  is
       replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible
       bell).  The default message is

                   'Activity in window %n'

       Note that monitoring is off for all windows  by  default,  but  can  be
       altered by use of the monitor command (C-a M).

       allpartial [ on | off ]

       If  set  to  on,  only  the  current cursor line is refreshed on window
       change.  This affects all windows  and  is  useful  for  slow  terminal
       lines.  The previous setting of full/partial refresh for each window is
       restored with allpartial off.  This is a global flag  that  immediately
       takes  effect  on  all windows overriding the partial settings. It does
       not change the default redraw behavior of newly created windows.

       altscreen [ on | off ]

       If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in  virtual  termi‐
       nals, just like in xterm.  Initial setting is `off'.

       at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args ... ]

       Execute  a  command  at  other  displays  or  windows as if it had been
       entered there.  At changes the context (the `current window'  or  `cur‐
       rent display' setting) of the command. If the first parameter describes
       a non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple  times.  If
       the  first  parameter  is  of the form `identifier*' then identifier is
       matched against user names.  The command is executed once for each dis‐
       play  of  the  selected  user(s). If the first parameter is of the form
       `identifier%' identifier is  matched  against  displays.  Displays  are
       named  after the ttys they attach. The prefix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty' may
       be omitted from the identifier.  If identifier has  a  `#'  or  nothing
       appended  it  is matched against window numbers and titles. Omitting an
       identifier in front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all users,
       displays  or  windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on
       the affected display(s) a short message will  describe  what  happened.
       Permission is checked for initiator of the at command, not for the own‐
       ers of the affected display(s).  Note that the '#' character works as a
       comment  introducer  when  it  is  preceded  by whitespace. This can be
       escaped by prefixing a '\'.  Permission is checked for the initiator of
       the at command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).

       Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least
       once per window. Commands that change the internal arrangement of  win‐
       dows  (like  other)  may be called again. In shared windows the command
       will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle
       commands  like login!  Some commands (e.g. process) require that a dis‐
       play is associated with the target windows.   These  commands  may  not
       work correctly under at looping over windows.

       attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]

       This  command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color
       of the  text.  If  the  attribute  attrib  is  in  use,  the  specified
       attribute/color  modifier is also applied. If no modifier is given, the
       current one is deleted. See the STRING ESCAPES chapter for  the  syntax
       of the modifier. Screen understands two pseudo-attributes, i stands for
       high-intensity foreground color and  I  for  high-intensity  background
       color.

       Examples:

              attrcolor b "R"

       Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.

              attrcolor u "-u b"

       Use blue text instead of underline.

              attrcolor b ".I"

       Use  bright  colors  for  bold  text.  Most  terminal emulators do this
       already.

              attrcolor i "+b"

       Make bright colored text also bold.

       autodetach [ on | off ]

       Sets whether screen will automatically detach upon hangup, which  saves
       all  your running programs until they are resumed with a screen -r com‐
       mand.  When turned off, a hangup signal will terminate screen  and  all
       the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.

       autonuke [ on | off ]

       Sets  whether  a  clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that
       has not been written to the terminal. See also obuflimit.

       backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args...

       backtick id

       Program the backtick command with the numerical id id.  The  output  of
       such  a  command  is used for substitution of the %` string escape. The
       specified lifespan is the number of seconds the  output  is  considered
       valid.  After  this  time,  the command is run again if a corresponding
       string escape is encountered.  The autorefresh  parameter  triggers  an
       automatic  refresh  for caption and hardstatus strings after the speci‐
       fied number of seconds. Only the last line of output is used  for  sub‐
       stitution.

       If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are zero, the back‐
       tick program is expected to stay in the background and generate  output
       once  in a while.  In this case, the command is executed right away and
       screen stores the last line of output.  If  a  new  line  gets  printed
       screen will automatically refresh the hardstatus or the captions.

       The  second  form  of the command deletes the backtick command with the
       numerical id id.

       bce [ on | off ]

       Change background-color-erase setting. If bce is set to on, all charac‐
       ters  cleared  by  an  erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be dis‐
       played in the current background color.  Otherwise  the  default  back‐
       ground color is used.

       bell_msg [message]

       When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a
       notification in the message line.  The notification message can be  re-
       defined by this command.  Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced
       by the number of the window to which a bell has  been  sent,  and  each
       occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your term‐
       cap (usually an audible bell).  The default message is

                   'Bell in window %n'

       An empty message can be supplied to the bell_msg  command  to  suppress
       output of a message line (bell_msg "").  Without parameter, the current
       message is shown.

       bind [class] key [command [args]]

       Bind a command to a key.  By default, most of the commands provided  by
       screen  are  bound  to one or more keys as indicated in the DEFAULT KEY
       BINDINGS section, e.g. the command to create a new window is  bound  to
       C-c  and  c.  The bind command can be used to redefine the key bindings
       and to define new bindings.  The key argument is either a single  char‐
       acter,  a  two-character sequence of the form ^x (meaning C-x), a back‐
       slash followed by an octal number (specifying the  ASCII  code  of  the
       character),  or  a backslash followed by a second character, such as \^
       or \\.  The argument can also be quoted, if you like.   If  no  further
       argument  is  given, any previously established binding for this key is
       removed.  The command argument can be any command listed in  this  sec‐
       tion.

       If a command class is specified via the -c option, the key is bound for
       the specified class. Use the command command to activate a class.  Com‐
       mand classes can be used to create multiple command keys or multi-char‐
       acter bindings.

       Some examples:

                   bind ' ' windows
                   bind ^k
                   bind k
                   bind K kill
                   bind ^f screen telnet foobar
                   bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su

       would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of windows
       (so that the command usually invoked by C-a C-w would also be available
       as C-a space). The next three lines remove  the  default  kill  binding
       from  C-a C-k and C-a k.  C-a K is then bound to the kill command. Then
       it binds C-f to the command create a window with a TELNET connection to
       foobar, and bind escape to the command that creates an non-login window
       with a.k.a. root in slot #9, with a superuser shell  and  a  scrollback
       buffer of 1000 lines.

                   bind -c demo1 0 select 10
                   bind -c demo1 1 select 11
                   bind -c demo1 2 select 12
                   bindkey "^B" command -c demo1

       makes C-b 0 select window 10, C-b 1 window 11, etc.

                   bind -c demo2 0 select 10
                   bind -c demo2 1 select 11
                   bind -c demo2 2 select 12
                   bind - command -c demo2

       makes C-a - 0 select window 10, C-a - 1 window 11, etc.

       bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd-args]]

       This  command manages screen's input translation tables. Every entry in
       one of the tables tells screen how to react if a  certain  sequence  of
       characters is encountered. There are three tables: one that should con‐
       tain actions programmed by the user, one for the default  actions  used
       for  terminal  emulation  and  one  for screen's copy mode to do cursor
       movement. See section INPUT TRANSLATION for a list of default key bind‐
       ings.

       If  the  -d  option  is  given,  bindkey modifies the default table, -m
       changes the copy mode table and with neither option the user  table  is
       selected.   The  argument string is the sequence of characters to which
       an action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap key‐
       board capability name (selectable with the -k option).

       Some  keys  on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if applica‐
       tion mode is turned on (e.g the  cursor  keys).   Such  keys  have  two
       entries  in  the translation table. You can select the application mode
       entry by specifying the -a option.

       The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot
       turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.

       Cmd  can  be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number of args.
       If cmd is omitted the key-binding is removed from the table.

       Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:

               bindkey -d

       Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries  are
       marked with [A].

               bindkey -k k1 select 1

       Make the "F1" key switch to window one.

               bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo

       Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is disabled so
       that users can type slowly.

               bindkey "\024" mapdefault

       This key-binding makes ^T an escape character for key-bindings. If  you
       did  the above stuff barfoo binding, you can enter the word foo by typ‐
       ing ^Tfoo. If you want to insert a ^T you have to press the  key  twice
       (i.e., escape the escape binding).

               bindkey -k F1 command

       Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).

       break [duration]

       Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window.  For non-
       Posix systems the time interval may be  rounded  up  to  full  seconds.
       Most useful if a character device is attached to the window rather than
       a shell process (See also chapter WINDOW TYPES). The  maximum  duration
       of a break signal is limited to 15 seconds.

       blanker

       Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker
       program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise, the program is
       started  and  it's output is written to the screen.  The screen blanker
       is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.

       This command is normally used together with the idle command.

       blankerprg [program-args]

       Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker  program  if  an  empty
       argument  is given. Shows the currently set blanker program if no argu‐
       ments are given.

       breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]

       Choose one of the available methods of generating a  break  signal  for
       terminal  devices.  This command should affect the current window only.
       But it still behaves identical to defbreaktype. This will be changed in
       the  future.   Calling  breaktype  with no parameter displays the break
       method for the current window.

       bufferfile [exchange-file]

       Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer.
       If  the  optional  argument  to  the bufferfile command is omitted, the
       default setting (/tmp/screen-exchange) is reactivated.   The  following
       example  will  paste  the system's password file into the screen window
       (using the paste buffer, where a copy remains):

                   C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
                   C-a < C-a ]
                   C-a : bufferfile

       bumpleft

       Swaps window with previous one on window list.

       bumpright

       Swaps window with next one on window list.

       c1 [ on | off ]

       Change c1 code processing. C1 on tells screen to treat the input  char‐
       acters between 128 and 159 as control functions.  Such an 8-bit code is
       normally the same as ESC followed by the corresponding 7-bit code.  The
       default  setting  is  to  process  c1 codes and can be changed with the
       defc1 command.  Users with fonts that have usable characters in the  c1
       positions may want to turn this off.

       caption [ top | bottom ] always|splitonly[string]

       caption string [string]

       This  command  controls  the display of the window captions. Normally a
       caption is only used if more than one window is shown  on  the  display
       (split  screen  mode).  But if the type is set to always screen shows a
       caption even if only one window is displayed. The default is splitonly.

       The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use  all
       escapes  from the STRING ESCAPES chapter. Screen uses a default of `%3n
       %t'.

       You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument.

       You can have the caption displayed either at the top or bottom  of  the
       window.  The default is bottom.

       charset set

       Change  the current character set slot designation and charset mapping.
       The first four character of set  are  treated  as  charset  designators
       while the fifth and sixth character must be in range '0' to '3' and set
       the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used to indi‐
       cate  that the corresponding charset/mapping should not be changed (set
       is padded to six characters internally by appending  '.'   chars).  New
       windows  have "BBBB02" as default charset, unless a encoding command is
       active.
       The current setting can be viewed with the info command.

       chdir [directory]

       Change the current directory of screen to the specified  directory  or,
       if called without an argument, to your home directory (the value of the
       environment variable $HOME).  All windows that are created by means  of
       the  screen  command  from within .screenrc or by means of C-a : screen
       ...  or C-a c use this as their default  directory.   Without  a  chdir
       command, this would be the directory from which screen was invoked.

       Hardcopy  and  log  files  are  always  written to the window's default
       directory, not the current directory of the process running in the win‐
       dow.   You  can  use  this  command multiple times in your .screenrc to
       start various windows in different default directories,  but  the  last
       chdir value will affect all the windows you create interactively.

       cjkwidth [ on | off ]

       Treat ambiguous width characters as full/half width.

       clear

       Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer.

       collapse

       Reorders window on window list, removing number gaps between them.

       colon [prefix]

       Allows you to enter .screenrc command lines. Useful for on-the-fly mod‐
       ification of key bindings, specific window creation and  changing  set‐
       tings.  Note  that  the  set keyword no longer exists! Usually commands
       affect the current window rather than default settings for future  win‐
       dows. Change defaults with commands starting with 'def...'.

       If you consider this as the `Ex command mode' of screen, you may regard
       C-a esc (copy mode) as its `Vi command mode'.

       command [ -c class"]"

       This command has the same effect as typing the screen escape  character
       (^A). It is probably only useful for key bindings.  If the -c option is
       given, select the specified command class.  See also bind and bindkey.

       compacthist [ on | off ]

       This tells  screen  whether  to  suppress  trailing  blank  lines  when
       scrolling up text into the history buffer.

       console [ on | off ]

       Grabs  or un-grabs the machines console output to a window.  Note: Only
       the owner of /dev/console can grab the console output.  This command is
       only available if the machine supports the ioctl TIOCCONS.

       copy

       Enter  copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the cur‐
       rent window and its history into the paste buffer. In this mode  a  vi-
       like `full screen editor' is active:
       The editor's movement keys are:


       tab(@); l l.  _ T{ h, C-h,
       left arrow T}@move the cursor left.  _ T{ j, C-n,
       down arrow T}@move the cursor down.  _ T{ k, C-p,
       up arrow T}@move the cursor up.  _ T{ l ('el'),
       right arrow T}@move the cursor right.  _ 0 (zero) C-a@move to the left‐
       most column.  _ + and -@positions one line up and down.   _  H,  M  and
       L@T{  move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top, center or bot‐
       tom line of the window.  T} _ |@moves to the specified absolute column.
       _  g or home@moves to the beginning of the buffer.  _ G or end@T{ moves
       to the specified absolute line (default: end of buffer).  T} _  %@jumps
       to  the  specified  percentage  of the buffer.  _ ^ or $@T{ move to the
       leftmost column, to the first or last non-whitespace character  on  the
       line.   T} _ w, b, and e@move the cursor word by word.  _ B, E@move the
       cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).  _ f/F, t/T@T{  move  the  cursor  for‐
       ward/backward  to  the  next  occurrence of the target. (eg, '3fy' will
       move the cursor to the 3rd 'y' to the right.)  T} _ ; and  ,@T{  Repeat
       the  last f/F/t/T command in the same/opposite direction.  T} _ C-e and
       C-y@T{ scroll the display up/down by one line while preserving the cur‐
       sor  position.   T}  _ C-u and C-d@T{ scroll the display up/down by the
       specified  amount  of  lines  while  preserving  the  cursor  position.
       (Default:  half  screen-full).   T}  _  C-b  and C-f@scroll the display
       up/down a full screen.  _


       Note: Emacs style movement keys can be customized by a  .screenrc  com‐
       mand.  (E.g. markkeys "h=^B:l=^F:$=^E") There is no simple method for a
       full emacs-style keymap, as this involves multi-character codes.

       Some keys are defined to do mark and replace operations.

       The copy range is specified by setting  two  marks.  The  text  between
       these marks will be highlighted. Press:

              space  or enter to set the first or second mark respectively. If
              mousetrack is set to `on', marks can  also  be  set  using  left
              mouse click.

              Y  and  y  used  to mark one whole line or to mark from start of
              line.

              W marks exactly one word.

       Any of these commands can be prefixed with a  repeat  count  number  by
       pressing digits

              0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.

       Example:  C-a  C-[  H  10 j 5 Y will copy lines 11 to 15 into the paste
       buffer.

       The following search keys are defined:

              / Vi-like search forward.

              ? Vi-like search backward.

              C-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.

              C-r Emacs style reverse i-search.

              n Find next search pattern.

              N Find previous search pattern.


       There are however some keys that act differently than in vi.   Vi  does
       not  allow  one  to  yank  rectangular blocks of text, but screen does.
       Press: c or C to set the left  or  right  margin  respectively.  If  no
       repeat count is given, both default to the current cursor position.

       Example: Try this on a rather full text screen:

              C-a [ M 20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE.

       This  moves  one  to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 columns
       left, marks the beginning of the paste buffer, sets  the  left  column,
       moves  5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of
       the paste buffer. Now try:

              C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE

       and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.

       J joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a newline
       character  (012),  lines  glued  seamless,  lines separated by a single
       whitespace and comma separated lines. Note that  you  can  prepend  the
       newline  character  with a carriage return character, by issuing a crlf
       on.

       v or V is for all the vi users with :set numbers - it toggles the  left
       margin between column 9 and 1. Press

       a  before  the  final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the con‐
       tents of the paste buffer will not be overwritten, but is appended to.

       A toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark.

       > sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste buffer to
       the  screen-exchange file (/tmp/screen-exchange per default) once copy-
       mode is finished.

       This example demonstrates how to dump the whole  scrollback  buffer  to
       that file: C-A [ g SPACE G $ >.

       C-g gives information about the current line and column.

       x  or  o  exchanges the first mark and the current cursor position. You
       can use this to adjust an already placed mark.

       C-l ('el') will redraw the screen.

       @ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.

       All keys not described here exit copy mode.

       copy_reg [key]

       No longer exists, use readreg instead.

       crlf [ on | off ]

       This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a ['  command.  If
       it  is  set  to  `on',  lines  will  be  separated by the two character
       sequence `CR' - `LF'.  Otherwise (default) only `LF' is used.  When  no
       parameter is given, the state is toggled.

       debug [ on | off ]

       Turns  runtime  debugging  on  or off. If screen has been compiled with
       option -DDEBUG debugging available and is turned on per  default.  Note
       that  this  command  only affects debugging output from the main SCREEN
       process correctly. Debug output from attacher  processes  can  only  be
       turned off once and forever.

       defc1 [ on | off ]

       Same  as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `on'.

       defautonuke [ on | off ]

       Same as the autonuke command except that the default  setting  for  new
       displays  is  changed. Initial setting is `off'.  Note that you can use
       the special `AN' terminal capability if you want to have  a  dependency
       on the terminal type.

       defbce [ on | off ]

       Same as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]

       Choose one of the available methods of generating a  break  signal  for
       terminal  devices.  The preferred methods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK.
       The third, TCSBRK, blocks the complete screen session for the  duration
       of  the  break,  but  it  may  be the only way to generate long breaks.
       Tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK may or may not produce long breaks with spikes
       (e.g.  4 per second). This is not only system-dependent, this also dif‐
       fers between serial board drivers.  Calling defbreaktype with no param‐
       eter displays the current setting.

       defcharset [set]

       Like  the  charset command except that the default setting for new win‐
       dows is changed. Shows current default if called without argument.

       defdynamictitle [ on | off ]

       Set default behaviour for new windows regarding if screen should change
       window title when seeing proper escape sequence. See also "TITLES (nam‐
       ing windows)" section.

       defescape xy

       Set the default command characters. This is equivalent  to  the  escape
       except  that  it is useful multiuser sessions only. In a multiuser ses‐
       sion escape changes the command character of the  calling  user,  where
       defescape changes the default command characters for users that will be
       added later.

       defflow [ on | off | auto [ interrupt ]]

       Same as the flow command except that the default setting for  new  win‐
       dows  is  changed.  Initial setting is `auto'.  Specifying defflow auto
       interrupt is the same as the command-line options -fa and -i.

       defgr [ on | off ]

       Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new  windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defhstatus [status]

       The  hardstatus  line  that  all new windows will get is set to status.
       This command is useful to make the hardstatus of every  window  display
       the  window  number  or title or the like.  Status may contain the same
       directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape  charac‐
       ter is '^E' (octal 005) instead of '%'.  This was done to make a misin‐
       terpretation of program generated hardstatus lines impossible.  If  the
       parameter  status  is omitted, the current default string is displayed.
       Per default the hardstatus line of new windows is empty.

       defencoding enc

       Same as the encoding command except that the default  setting  for  new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is the encoding taken from the ter‐
       minal.

       deflog [ on | off ]

       Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       deflogin [ on | off ]

       Same  as the login command except that the default setting for new win‐
       dows is changed. This is initialized with `on' as distributed (see con‐
       fig.h.in).

       defmode mode

       The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode.  Mode is an
       octal number.  When no defmode command is given, mode 0622 is used.

       defmonitor [ on | off]

       Same as the monitor command except that the  default  setting  for  new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defmousetrack [ on | off ]

       Same  as the mousetrack command except that the default setting for new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defnonblock [ on | off | numsecs]

       Same as the nonblock command except that the default setting  for  dis‐
       plays is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defobuflimit limit

       Same  as  the obuflimit command except that the default setting for new
       displays is changed. Initial setting is 256 bytes.  Note that  you  can
       use  the  special 'OL' terminal capability if you want to have a depen‐
       dency on the terminal type.

       defscrollback num

       Same as the scrollback command except that the default setting for  new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is 100.

       defshell command

       Synonym to the shell .screenrc command. See there.

       defsilence [ on | off ]

       Same  as  the  silence  command except that the default setting for new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defslowpaste msec

       Same as the slowpaste command except that the default setting  for  new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off'.

       defutf8 [ on | off ]

       Same  as  the utf8 command except that the default setting for new win‐
       dows is changed. Initial setting is `on' if screen was started with -U,
       otherwise `off'.

       defwrap [ on | off ]

       Same  as  the wrap command except that the default setting for new win‐
       dows is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and can be toggled with  the
       wrap command (C-a r) or by means of "C-a : wrap on|off".

       defwritelock [ on | off | auto ]

       Same  as  the writelock command except that the default setting for new
       windows is changed. Initially writelocks will off.

       detach [-h]

       Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and  put  it
       into  the background).  This returns you to the shell where you invoked
       screen.  A detached screen can be resumed by invoking screen  with  the
       -r  option (see also section COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS). The -h option tells
       screen to immediately close the connection to the terminal (hangup).

       dinfo

       Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know
       why features like color or the alternate charset don't work.

       displays

       Shows  a  tabular  listing  of  all currently connected user front-ends
       (displays).  This is most useful for multiuser sessions.  The following
       keys can be used in displays list:

       tab(@); l l.  _ k, C-p, or up@Move up one line.  _ j, C-n, or down@Move
       down one line.  _ C-a or  home@Move  to  the  first  line.   _  C-e  or
       end@Move to the last line.  _ C-u or C-d@Move one half page up or down.
       _ C-b or C-f@Move one full page up or down.  _  mouseclick@T{  Move  to
       the  selected  line.  Available  when  mousetrack  is  set to on.  T} _
       space@Refresh the list _ d@Detach that display _  D@Power  detach  that
       display _ C-g, enter, or escape@Exit the list _

       The following is an example of what displays could look like:
              xterm 80x42 jnweiger@/dev/ttyp4     0(m11)   &rWx
              facit 80x24 mlschroe@/dev/ttyhf nb 11(tcsh)   rwx
              xterm 80x42 jnhollma@/dev/ttyp5     0(m11)   &R.x
               (A)   (B)     (C)     (D)     (E) (F)(G)   (H)(I)

       The legend is as follows:

              (A) The terminal type known by screen for this display.

              (B) Displays geometry as width x height.

              (C) Username who is logged in at the display.

              (D) Device name of the display or the attached device

              (E)  Display  is in blocking or nonblocking mode.  The available
              modes are "nb", "NB", "Z<", "Z>", and "BL".

              (F) Number of the window

              (G) Name/title of window

              (H) Whether the window is shared

              (I) Window permissions. Made up of three characters.

              allbox tab(:); csssss cs cs cs l l l l l l.  Window  permissions
              indicators   1st   character:2nd  character:3rd  character  -:no
              read:-:no write:-:no  execute  r:read:w:write:x:execute  ::W:own
              wlock::  lsssss  l  l  l  l l l.  Indicators of permissions sup‐
              pressed by a foreign wlock R:read only:.:no write::

              displays needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide  and
              5 characters high in order to display.

       digraph [preset[unicode-value]]

       This  command  prompts  the  user  for a digraph sequence. The next two
       characters typed are looked up in a builtin  table  and  the  resulting
       character  is  inserted  in  the input stream. For example, if the user
       enters 'a"', an a-umlaut will  be  inserted.  If  the  first  character
       entered  is  a 0 (zero), screen will treat the following characters (up
       to three) as an octal number instead.  The optional argument preset  is
       treated  as user input, thus one can create an umlaut key.  For example
       the command "bindkey ^K digraph '"'" enables the user to generate an a-
       umlaut by typing CTRL-K a.  When a non-zero unicode-value is specified,
       a new digraph is created with the  specified  preset.  The  digraph  is
       unset if a zero value is provided for the unicode-value.

       dumptermcap

       Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the cur‐
       rently active window to the file .termcap in the  user's  $HOME/.screen
       directory (or wherever screen stores its sockets. See the FILES section
       below).  This termcap entry is identical to the value of  the  environ‐
       ment  variable  $TERMCAP  that is set up by screen for each window. For
       terminfo based systems you will need to run a converter like  captoinfo
       and then compile the entry with tic.

       dynamictitle [ on | off ]

       Change  behaviour  for windows regarding if screen should change window
       title when seeing proper escape sequence. See also "TITLES (naming win‐
       dows)" section.

       echo [-n] message

       The  echo  command may be used to annoy screen users with a 'message of
       the day'. Typically installed in  a  global  /local/etc/screenrc.   The
       option -n may be used to suppress the line feed.  See also sleep.  Echo
       is also useful for online checking of environment variables.

       encoding enc [enc]

       Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument  sets
       the encoding of the current window. Each window can emulate a different
       encoding. The optional second parameter overwrites the encoding of  the
       connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the locale
       setting to detect the encoding.  There is also a way to select a termi‐
       nal  encoding  depending  on  the terminal type by using the KJ termcap
       entry.

       Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5,  GBK,  KOI8-R,
       KOI8-U,  CP1251,  UTF-8,  ISO8859-2,  ISO8859-3,  ISO8859-4, ISO8859-5,
       ISO8859-6, ISO8859-7,  ISO8859-8,  ISO8859-9,  ISO8859-10,  ISO8859-15,
       jis.

       See  also  defencoding, which changes the default setting of a new win‐
       dow.

       escape xy

       Set the command character to x and the character generating  a  literal
       command character (by triggering the meta command) to y (similar to the
       -e option).  Each argument is either a single character, a  two-charac‐
       ter  sequence  of the form ^x (meaning C-x), a backslash followed by an
       octal number (specifying the ASCII code of the character), or  a  back‐
       slash followed by a second character, such as \^ or \\.  The default is
       ^Aa.

       eval command1[command2 ...]

       Parses and executes each argument as separate command.

       exec [[fdpat]newcommand [args ...]]

       Run a unix subprocess (specified by an executable path  newcommand  and
       its optional arguments) in the current window. The flow of data between
       newcommands stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started in  the
       window  (let  us call it "application-process") and screen itself (win‐
       dow) is controlled by the file descriptor pattern fdpat.  This  pattern
       is  basically a three character sequence representing stdin, stdout and
       stderr of newcommand. A dot (.) connects the file descriptor to screen.
       An  exclamation  mark (!) causes the file descriptor to be connected to
       the application-process. A colon (:) combines both.  User input will go
       to  newcommand unless newcommand receives the application-process' out‐
       put (fdpats first character is `!' or `:') or  a  pipe  symbol  (|)  is
       added (as a fourth character) to the end of fdpat.

       Invoking  `exec' without arguments shows name and arguments of the cur‐
       rently running subprocess in this window. Only one  subprocess  a  time
       can be running in each window.

       When  a subprocess is running the `kill' command will affect it instead
       of the windows process.

       Refer to the postscript file `doc/fdpat.ps' for a  confusing  illustra‐
       tion  of  all  21  possible combinations. Each drawing shows the digits
       2,1,0 representing the three file descriptors of  newcommand.  The  box
       marked  `W'  is  the  usual pty that has the application-process on its
       slave side.  The box marked `P' is  the  secondary  pty  that  now  has
       screen at its master side.

       Abbreviations:  Whitespace  between  the  word `exec' and fdpat and the
       command can be omitted. Trailing dots and a fdpat  consisting  only  of
       dots can be omitted. A simple `|' is synonymous for the pattern `!..|';
       the word exec can be omitted here and can always be replaced by `!'.

       Examples:

              exec ... /bin/sh

              exec /bin/sh

              !/bin/sh

                     Creates another shell in the same window, while the orig‐
                     inal  shell  is  still  running. Output of both shells is
                     displayed and user input is sent to the new /bin/sh.

              exec !.. stty 19200

              exec ! stty 19200

              !!stty 19200

                     Set the speed of the window's tty. If your  stty  command
                     operates on stdout, then add another `!'.

              exec !..| less

              |less

                     This adds a pager to the window output. The special char‐
                     acter `|' is needed to give the  user  control  over  the
                     pager  although  it  gets  its  input  from  the window's
                     process. This works, because less listens  on  stderr  (a
                     behavior  that  screen  would not expect without the `|')
                     when its stdin is not a tty.  Less  versions  newer  than
                     177 fail miserably here; good old pg still works.

              !:sed -n s/.*Error.*/\007/p

                     Sends  window  output  to both, the user and the sed com‐
                     mand. The sed inserts an additional bell character  (oct.
                     007)  to  the  window  output  seen by screen.  This will
                     cause "Bell in window x" messages,  whenever  the  string
                     "Error" appears in the window.

       fit

       Change  the window size to the size of the current region. This command
       is needed because screen doesn't adapt the window size automatically if
       the window is displayed more than once.

       flow [ on | off | auto]

       Sets  the  flow-control  mode  for  this window.  Without parameters it
       cycles the current window's flow-control setting  from  "automatic"  to
       "on"  to  "off".   See  the discussion on FLOW-CONTROL later on in this
       document for full details and note, that this is subject to  change  in
       future releases.  Default is set by `defflow'.

       focus [ next | prev | up | down | left | right | top | bottom ]

       Move  the  input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic way
       so that the top left region is selected after the bottom right one.  If
       no  option  is  given  it  defaults  to  `next'.  The next region to be
       selected is determined by how the regions are layered.   Normally,  the
       next region in the same layer would be selected.  However, if that next
       region contains one or more layers, the first  region  in  the  highest
       layer  is  selected first. If you are at the last region of the current
       layer, `next' will move the focus to the next region in the lower layer
       (if  there is a lower layer).  `Prev' cycles in the opposite order. See
       split for more information about layers.

       The rest of the options (`up',  `down',  `left',  `right',  `top',  and
       `bottom') are more indifferent to layers. The option `up' will move the
       focus upward to the region that is touching the upper  left  corner  of
       the  current  region.   `Down' will move downward to the region that is
       touching the lower left corner of the current region. The option `left'
       will  move  the focus leftward to the region that is touching the upper
       left corner of the current region, while `right' will move rightward to
       the  region  that  is  touching  the  upper right corner of the current
       region. Moving left from a left most region  or  moving  right  from  a
       right most region will result in no action.

       The  option  `top'  will move the focus to the very first region in the
       upper list corner of the screen, and `bottom' will move to  the  region
       in  the  bottom  right  corner of the screen. Moving up from a top most
       region or moving down from a bottom  most  region  will  result  in  no
       action.

       Useful bindings are (h, j, k, and l as in vi)
           bind h focus left
           bind j focus down
           bind k focus up
           bind l focus right
           bind t focus top
           bind b focus bottom
       Note that k is traditionally bound to the kill command.

       focusminsize [ ( width|max|_ ) ( height|max|_ ) ]

       This  forces  any currently selected region to be automatically resized
       at least a certain width and height. All other surrounding regions will
       be resized in order to accommodate.  This constraint follows every time
       the focus command is used. The resize command can be used  to  increase
       either  dimension  of a region, but never below what is set with focus‐
       minsize. The underscore `_' is a synonym for max. Setting a  width  and
       height  of  `0  0'  (zero zero) will undo any constraints and allow for
       manual resizing.  Without any parameters, the minimum width and  height
       is shown.

       gr [ on | off ]

       Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input charac‐
       ter with the 8th bit set, it will use the charset stored in the GR slot
       and  print  the  character  with the 8th bit stripped. The default (see
       also defgr) is not  to  process  GR  switching  because  otherwise  the
       ISO88591 charset would not work.

       group [grouptitle]

       Change  or show the group the current window belongs to. Windows can be
       moved around between different groups by specifying  the  name  of  the
       destination group. Without specifying a group, the title of the current
       group is displayed.

       hardcopy [-h] [file]

       Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file,  or,  if  no
       filename  is specified, to hardcopy.n in the default directory, where n
       is the number of the current window.  This either appends or overwrites
       the  file if it exists. See below.  If the option -h is specified, dump
       also the contents of the scrollback buffer.

       hardcopy_append [ on | off ]

       If set to "on", screen will append to the "hardcopy.n" files created by
       the  command  C-a  h,  otherwise these files are overwritten each time.
       Default is `off'.

       hardcopydir directory

       Defines a directory where hardcopy files  will  be  placed.  If  unset,
       hardcopys are dumped in screen's current working directory.

       hardstatus [ on | off ]

       hardstatus  [ always ] firstline | lastline | message | ignore [ string
       ]

       hardstatus string [ string ]

       This command configures the use and emulation of the  terminal's  hard‐
       status  line.  The first form toggles whether screen will use the hard‐
       ware status line to display messages. If the  flag  is  set  to  `off',
       these  messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display line.
       The default setting is `on'.

       The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn't have  a
       hardstatus  line  (i.e.  the  termcap/terminfo capabilities "hs", "ts",
       "fs" and "ds" are not set).  When firstline/lastline  is  used,  screen
       will  reserve  the  first/last  line of the display for the hardstatus.
       message uses screen's message mechanism and ignore tells  screen  never
       to  display the hardstatus.  If you prepend the word always to the type
       (e.g., alwayslastline), screen will use the type even if  the  terminal
       supports a hardstatus.

       The  third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line.  '%h' is
       used as default string, i.e., the stored hardstatus of the current win‐
       dow  (settable  via ESC]0;<string>^G or ESC_<string>ESC\) is displayed.
       You can customize this to any string you  like  including  the  escapes
       from  the STRING ESCAPES chapter. If you leave out the argument string,
       the current string is displayed.

       You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as  addi‐
       tional argument.

       height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]

       Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument
       is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines display. You can also spec‐
       ify  a  width  if  you want to change both values.  The -w option tells
       screen to leave the display size unchanged  and  just  set  the  window
       size, -d vice versa.

       help[class]

       Not  really  a  online help, but displays a help screen showing you all
       the key bindings.  The first pages list all the internal commands  fol‐
       lowed  by  their  current  bindings.  Subsequent pages will display the
       custom commands, one command per key.  Press  space  when  you're  done
       reading  each  page, or return to exit early.  All other characters are
       ignored. If the -c option is given, display all bound commands for  the
       specified command class.  See also DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS section.

       history

       Usually  users  work  with  a shell that allows easy access to previous
       commands.  For example csh has the command !! to repeat the  last  com‐
       mand executed.  Screen allows you to have a primitive way of re-calling
       the command that started ...: You just type the first  letter  of  that
       command, then hit `C-a {' and screen tries to find a previous line that
       matches with the `prompt character' to the left  of  the  cursor.  This
       line  is  pasted into this window's input queue.  Thus you have a crude
       command history (made up by the visible window and its scrollback  buf‐
       fer).

       hstatus status

       Change the window's hardstatus line to the string status.

       idle [timeout[cmd-args]]

       Sets  a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inac‐
       tivity is reached. This command will normally be the blanker command to
       create  a screen blanker, but it can be any screen command.  If no com‐
       mand is specified, only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero  (or  the
       special  timeout  off)  disables the timer.  If no arguments are given,
       the current settings are displayed.

       ignorecase [ on | off ]

       Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in  searches.  Default  is
       `off'. Without any options, the state of ignorecase is toggled.

       info

       Uses  the  message  line  to display some information about the current
       window: the cursor position in  the  form  (column,row)  starting  with
       (1,1),  the  terminal  width and height plus the size of the scrollback
       buffer in lines, like  in  (80,24)+50,  the  current  state  of  window
       XON/XOFF  flow  control  is shown like this (See also section FLOW CON‐
       TROL):

       allbox tab(@);  l  l.   +flow@automatic  flow  control,  currently  on.
       -flow@automatic  flow  control,  currently  off.  +(+)flow@flow control
       enabled. Agrees with automatic  control.   -(+)flow@flow  control  dis‐
       abled.   Disagrees   with  automatic  control.   +(-)flow@flow  control
       enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.  -(-)flow@flow control  dis‐
       abled. Agrees with automatic control.

       The  current line wrap setting (`+wrap' indicates enabled, `-wrap' not)
       is also shown. The flags `ins', `org', `app', `log', `mon'  or  `nored'
       are  displayed when the window is in insert mode, origin mode, applica‐
       tion-keypad mode, has output logging, activity  monitoring  or  partial
       redraw enabled.

       The  currently  active  character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square
       brackets the terminal character sets that are currently  designated  as
       G0  through  G3  is  shown.  If the window is in UTF-8 mode, the string
       UTF-8 is shown instead.

       Additional modes depending on the type of the window are  displayed  at
       the end of the status line (See also chapter WINDOW TYPES).

       If  the  state  machine  of  the  terminal emulator is in a non-default
       state, the info line is started with a string identifying  the  current
       state.

       For system information use the time command.

       ins_reg [key]

       No longer exists, use paste instead.

       kill

       Kill current window.

       If  there is an `exec' command running then it is killed. Otherwise the
       process (shell) running in the window receives a HANGUP condition,  the
       window  structure  is  removed  and  screen  (your display) switches to
       another window.  When the  last  window  is  destroyed,  screen  exits.
       After a kill screen switches to the previously displayed window.

       Note:  Emacs  users  should  keep  this command in mind, when killing a
       line.  It is recommended not to use C-a as the screen escape key or  to
       rebind kill to C-a K.

       lastmsg

       Redisplay  the  last  contents  of  the message/status line.  Useful if
       you're typing when a message appears, because  the  message  goes  away
       when you press a key (unless your terminal has a hardware status line).
       Refer to the commands msgwait and msgminwait for fine tuning.

       layout new [title]

       Create a new layout. The screen will change to one whole region and  be
       switched  to the blank window. From here, you build the regions and the
       windows they show as you desire. The new layout will be  numbered  with
       the  smallest available integer, starting with zero. You can optionally
       give a title to your new layout.  Otherwise, it  will  have  a  default
       title  of  layout.  You  can always change the title later by using the
       command layout title.

       layout remove [n|title]

       Remove, or in other words, delete the specified layout. Either the num‐
       ber or the title can be specified. Without either specification, screen
       will remove the current layout.

       Removing a layout does not affect your set windows or regions.

       layout next

       Switch to the next layout available

       layout prev

       Switch to the previous layout available

       layout select [n|title]

       Select the desired layout. Either the number or the title can be speci‐
       fied.  Without  either  specification, screen will prompt and ask which
       screen is desired. To see which layouts are available, use  the  layout
       show command.

       layout show

       List  on  the  message line the number(s) and title(s) of the available
       layout(s). The current layout is flagged.

       layout title [title]

       Change or display the title of the current layout. A string given  will
       be  used to name the layout. Without any options, the current title and
       number is displayed on the message line.

       layout number [n]

       Change or display the number of the current layout.  An  integer  given
       will  be  used  to  number the layout. Without any options, the current
       number and title is displayed on the message line.

       layout attach [title|:last]

       Change or display which layout to reattach  back  to.  The  default  is
       :last, which tells screen to reattach back to the last used layout just
       before detachment. By supplying a title, You  can  instruct  screen  to
       reattach  to  a  particular layout regardless which one was used at the
       time of detachment. Without any options, the layout to reattach to will
       be shown in the message line.

       layout save [n|title]

       Remember  the  current  arrangement  of regions. When used, screen will
       remember the arrangement of vertically and horizontally split  regions.
       This  arrangement  is  restored  when a screen session is reattached or
       switched back from a different layout.  If  the  session  ends  or  the
       screen  process dies, the layout arrangements are lost. The layout dump
       command should help in this situation. If a number  or  title  is  sup‐
       plied,  screen will remember the arrangement of that particular layout.
       Without any options, screen will remember the current layout.

       Saving your regions can be  done  automatically  by  using  the  layout
       autosave command.

       layout autosave [ on | off]

       Change  or  display  the  status  of  automatically saving layouts. The
       default is on, meaning when screen is detached or changed to a  differ‐
       ent  layout,  the arrangement of regions and windows will be remembered
       at the time of change and restored upon return.  If autosave is set  to
       off,  that arrangement will only be restored to either to the last man‐
       ual save, using layout save, or to when the layout was  first  created,
       to  a  single region with a single window. Without either an on or off,
       the current status is displayed on the message line.

       layout dump [filename]

       Write to a file the order of splits made in the current layout. This is
       useful  to recreate the order of your regions used in your current lay‐
       out. Only the current layout  is  recorded.  While  the  order  of  the
       regions are recorded, the sizes of those regions and which windows cor‐
       respond to which regions are not. If  no  filename  is  specified,  the
       default  is layout-dump, saved in the directory that the screen process
       was started in. If the file already exists, layout dump will append  to
       that file. As an example:

                   C-a : layout dump /home/user/.screenrc

       will save or append the layout to the user's .screenrc file.

       license

       Display  the  disclaimer  page. This is done whenever screen is started
       without  options,  which  should  be  often  enough.   See   also   the
       startup_message command.

       lockscreen

       Lock  this display.  Call a screenlock program.  Screen does not accept
       any command keys until this program terminates. Meanwhile processes  in
       the  windows  may continue, as the windows are in the `detached' state.
       The screenlock program may be changed through the environment  variable
       $LOCKPRG  (which must be set in the shell from which screen is started)
       and is executed with the user's uid and gid.

       Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no  password
       set  on  screen,  the  lock is void: One could easily re-attach from an
       unlocked shell. This feature should rather be called `lockterminal'.

       log [ on | off ]

       Start/stop writing output of the current window to a  file  screenlog.n
       in the window's default directory, where n is the number of the current
       window. This filename can be changed with the `logfile' command. If  no
       parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is
       appended to the previous contents of the file if it already exists. The
       current  contents  and  the  contents of the scrollback history are not
       included in the session log.  Default is `off'.

       logfile filename

       logfile flush secs

       Defines the name the log files will get. The default  is  screenlog.%n.
       The  second  form changes the number of seconds screen will wait before
       flushing the logfile buffer to the file-system. The default value is 10
       seconds.

       login [ on | off ]

       Adds  or  removes  the  entry in the utmp database file for the current
       window.  This controls if the window is `logged in'.  When no parameter
       is  given,  the  login state of the window is toggled.  Additionally to
       that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in' and a  `log  out'  key.
       E.g. `bind I login on' and `bind O login off' will map these keys to be
       C-a I and C-a O.  The default setting (in config.h.in) should be on for
       a screen that runs under suid-root.  Use the deflogin command to change
       the default login state for new windows. Both commands are only present
       when screen has been compiled with utmp support.

       logtstamp [on|off]

       logtstamp after [secs]

       logtstamp string
       [string]

       This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen.  If time-
       stamps are turned on, screen adds a string containing the current  time
       to  the logfile after two minutes of inactivity.  When output continues
       and more than another two minutes have passed, a second  time-stamp  is
       added  to document the restart of the output. You can change this time‐
       out with the second form of the command. The third  form  is  used  for
       customizing  the time-stamp string (`-- %n:%t -- time-stamp -- %M/%d/%y
       %c:%s --\n' by default).

       mapdefault

       Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked  up  in
       the default bindkey table. See also bindkey.

       mapnotnext

       Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table.

       maptimeout [timeout]

       Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout
       of timeout ms. The default timeout is 300ms. Maptimeout with  no  argu‐
       ments shows the current setting.  See also bindkey.

       markkeys string

       This  is  a  method  of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode.
       The string is made up of oldchar=newchar pairs which are  separated  by
       `:'. Example: The string B=^B:F=^F will change the keys `C-b' and `C-f'
       to the vi style binding (scroll up/down fill page).  This happens to be
       the   default   binding   for   `B'  and  `F'.   The  command  markkeys
       h=^B:l=^F:$=^E would set the mode for an emacs-style binding.  If  your
       terminal sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then this
       command may help by binding these characters to do nothing.  The  no-op
       character  is  `@'  and is used like this: markkeys @=L=H if you do not
       want to use the `H' or `L' commands any longer.  As shown in this exam‐
       ple,  multiple  keys can be assigned to one function in a single state‐
       ment.

       maxwin num

       Set the maximum  window  number  screen  will  create.  Doesn't  affect
       already  existing  windows. The number can be increased only when there
       are no existing windows.

       meta

       Insert the command  character  (C-a)  in  the  current  window's  input
       stream.

       monitor [ on | off ]

       Toggles  activity  monitoring of windows.  When monitoring is turned on
       and an affected window  is  switched  into  the  background,  you  will
       receive  the  activity  notification  message in the status line at the
       first sign of output and the window will also be marked with an `@'  in
       the  window-status  display.   Monitoring is initially off for all win‐
       dows.

       mousetrack [ on | off ]

       This command determines whether screen will  watch  for  mouse  clicks.
       When  this  command is enabled, regions that have been split in various
       ways can be selected by pointing to them with a mouse and left-clicking
       them. Without specifying on or off, the current state is displayed. The
       default state is determined by the defmousetrack command.

       msgminwait sec

       Defines the time screen delays a new message when one message  is  cur‐
       rently displayed.  The default is 1 second.

       msgwait sec

       Defines  the  time a message is displayed if screen is not disturbed by
       other activity. The default is 5 seconds.

       multiuser [ on | off ]

       Switch between singleuser and multiuser mode. Standard screen operation
       is  singleuser.  In  multiuser  mode  the  commands `acladd', `aclchg',
       `aclgrp' and `acldel' can be used to enable (and disable)  other  users
       accessing this screen session.

       nethack [ on | off ]

       Changes the kind of error messages used by screen.  When you are famil‐
       iar with the game nethack, you may  enjoy  the  nethack-style  messages
       which will often blur the facts a little, but are much funnier to read.
       Anyway, standard messages often tend to be unclear as well.
       This option is only available if screen was compiled with  the  NETHACK
       flag defined. The default setting is then determined by the presence of
       the environment variable $NETHACKOPTIONS and the file ~/.nethackrc - if
       either one is present, the default is on.

       next

       Switch  to  the  next  window.   This command can be used repeatedly to
       cycle through the list of windows.

       nonblock [ on | off | numsecs ]

       Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that  cease  to
       accept output. This can happen if a user presses ^S or a TCP/modem con‐
       nection gets cut but no hangup is received. If nonblock is off (this is
       the default) screen waits until the display restarts to accept the out‐
       put. If nonblock is on, screen waits until the timeout is  reached  (on
       is  treated  as  1s).  If the display still doesn't receive characters,
       screen will consider it blocked and stop sending characters to  it.  If
       at  some time it restarts to accept characters, screen will unblock the
       display and redisplay the updated window contents.

       number [[+|-]n]

       Change the current window's number. If the given number  n  is  already
       used  by  another  window,  both  windows exchange their numbers. If no
       argument is specified, the current window number (and title) is  shown.
       Using `+' or `-' will change the window's number by the relative amount
       specified.

       obuflimit [limit]

       If the output buffer contains more bytes than the specified  limit,  no
       more  data  will be read from the windows. The default value is 256. If
       you have a fast display (like xterm), you can set  it  to  some  higher
       value. If no argument is specified, the current setting is displayed.

       only

       Kill all regions but the current one.

       other

       Switch  to  the  window  displayed  previously.  If this window does no
       longer exist, other has the same effect as next.

       partial [ on | off ]

       Defines whether the display should be  refreshed  (as  with  redisplay)
       after  switching  to  the current window. This command only affects the
       current window.  To immediately affect all windows use  the  allpartial
       command.  Default is `off', of course.  This default is fixed, as there
       is currently no defpartial command.

       password [crypted_pw]

       Present a crypted password in your .screenrc file and screen  will  ask
       for it, whenever someone attempts to resume a detached.  This is useful
       if you have privileged programs running under screen and  you  want  to
       protect  your session from reattach attempts by another user masquerad‐
       ing as your uid (i.e. any superuser.)  If no crypted password is speci‐
       fied, screen prompts twice for typing a password and places its encryp‐
       tion in the paste buffer.  Default is `none',  this  disables  password
       checking.

       paste [registers [dest_reg]]

       Write  the  (concatenated)  contents  of the specified registers to the
       stdin queue of the current window. The register '.' is treated  as  the
       paste  buffer. If no parameter is given the user is prompted for a sin‐
       gle register to paste.  The paste buffer can be filled with  the  copy,
       history  and  readbuf commands.  Other registers can be filled with the
       register, readreg and paste commands.  If paste is called with a second
       argument,  the  contents  of the specified registers is pasted into the
       named destination register rather than the window. If '.'  is  used  as
       the  second  argument,  the  displays  paste buffer is the destination.
       Note, that paste uses a wide variety of resources:  Whenever  a  second
       argument  is  specified  no  current  window is needed. When the source
       specification only contains registers (not the paste buffer) then there
       need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are
       a global resource. The paste buffer exists once for every user.

       pastefont [ on | off ]

       Tell screen to include  font  information  in  the  paste  buffer.  The
       default  is  not  to do so. This command is especially useful for multi
       character fonts like kanji.

       pow_break

       Reopen the window's terminal line  and  send  a  break  condition.  See
       `break'.

       pow_detach

       Power  detach.  Mainly the same as detach, but also sends a HANGUP sig‐
       nal to the parent process of screen.  CAUTION: This will  result  in  a
       logout, when screen was started from your login-shell.

       pow_detach_msg [message]

       The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach' was per‐
       formed. It may be used as a replacement for  a  logout  message  or  to
       reset baud rate, etc.  Without parameter, the current message is shown.

       prev

       Switch  to  the window with the next lower number.  This command can be
       used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.

       printcmd [cmd]

       If cmd is not an empty string, screen will not use the  terminal  capa‐
       bilities po/pf if it detects an ansi print sequence ESC [ 5 i, but pipe
       the output into cmd.  This should normally be a  command  like  lpr  or
       printcmd  without  a  command  displays  the current setting.  The ansi
       sequence ESC [ 4 i ends printing and closes the pipe.

       Warning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write  access
       to your terminal, they will be able to fire off print commands.

       process [key]

       Stuff the contents of the specified register into screen's input queue.
       If no argument is given you are prompted for a register name. The  text
       is  parsed  as  if  it had been typed in from the user's keyboard. This
       command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key.

       quit

       Kill all windows and terminate screen.  Note that on VT100-style termi‐
       nals  the keys C-4 and C-\ are identical.  This makes the default bind‐
       ings dangerous: Be careful not to type C-a C-4  when  selecting  window
       no.  4.   Use  the empty bind command (as in bind '^\') to remove a key
       binding.

       readbuf [encoding] [filename]

       Reads the contents of the specified file into the  paste  buffer.   You
       can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e option.  If no file
       is specified, the screen-exchange filename is used.  See  also  buffer‐
       file command.

       readreg [encoding] [register [filename]]

       Does  one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero or
       one arguments it duplicates the paste buffer contents into the register
       specified  or  entered  at  the prompt. With two arguments it reads the
       contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads the
       screen-exchange  file  into  the paste buffer.  You can tell screen the
       encoding of the file via the -e option.   The  following  example  will
       paste the system's password file into the screen window (using register
       p, where a copy remains):

                   C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd
                   C-a : paste p

       redisplay

       Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full  redisplay  when  in
       partial redraw mode.

       register [-eencoding]key-string

       Save  the  specified  string  to the register key.  The encoding of the
       string can be specified via the -e option.  See also the paste command.

       remove

       Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one region.

       removebuf

       Unlinks the screen-exchange file used  by  the  commands  writebuf  and
       readbuf.

       rendition [ bell | monitor | silence | so ] attr [ color ]

       Change  the  way screen renders the titles of windows that have monitor
       or bell flags set in caption  or  hardstatus  or  windowlist.  See  the
       STRING  ESCAPES  chapter  for the syntax of the modifiers.  The default
       for monitor is currently  =b   (bold,  active  colors),  for  bell  =ub
       (underline, bold and active colors), and =u for silence.

       reset

       Reset  the virtual terminal to its power-on values. Useful when strange
       settings (like scroll regions or graphics character set) are left  over
       from an application.

       resize [-h|-v|-b|-l|-p] [[+|-] n[%] |=|max|min|_|0]

       Resize  the  current region. The space will be removed from or added to
       the surrounding regions depending on the  order  of  the  splits.   The
       available  options  for  resizing are `-h'(horizontal), `-v'(vertical),
       `-b'(both), `-l'(local to layer), and  `-p'(perpendicular).  Horizontal
       resizes  will  add  or  remove  width to a region, vertical will add or
       remove height, and both will add or remove size from  both  dimensions.
       Local  and  perpendicular  are  similar to horizontal and vertical, but
       they take in account of how a region was split.   If  a  region's  last
       split  was horizontal, a local resize will work like a vertical resize.
       If a region's last split was vertical, a local resize will work like  a
       horizontal  resize.  Perpendicular  resizes  work  in opposite of local
       resizes. If no option is specified, local is the default.

       The amount of lines to add or remove can be expressed a couple of  dif‐
       ferent  ways. By specifying a number n by itself will resize the region
       by that absolute amount. You can specify a relative amount by prefixing
       a  plus  `+'  or  minus  `-'  to the amount, such as adding +n lines or
       removing -n lines. Resizing can also be expressed  as  an  absolute  or
       relative percentage by postfixing a percent sign `%'. Using zero `0' is
       a synonym for `min' and using an underscore `_' is a synonym for `max'.

       Some examples are:

       resize +N
              increase current region by N

       resize -N
              decrease current region by N

       resize  N
              set current region to N

       resize 20%
              set current region to 20% of original size

       resize +20%
              increase current region by 20%

       resize -b =
              make all windows equally

       resize  max
              maximize current region

       resize  min
              minimize current region

       Without any arguments, screen will prompt for how  you  would  like  to
       resize the current region.

       See  focusminsize if you want to restrict the minimum size a region can
       have.

       screen [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]|//group]

       Establish a new window.  The flow-control options (-f,  -fn  and  -fa),
       title  (a.k.a.) option (-t), login options (-l and -ln) , terminal type
       option (-T <term>), the all-capability-flag (-a) and scrollback  option
       (-h  <num>)  may be specified with each command.  The option (-M) turns
       monitoring on for this window.  The option (-L) turns output logging on
       for  this  window.  If an optional number n in the range 0..MAXWIN-1 is
       given, the window number n is assigned to the newly created window (or,
       if  this  number  is  already in-use, the next available number).  If a
       command is specified after screen, this command (with the  given  argu‐
       ments)  is  started  in  the window; otherwise, a shell is created.  If
       //group is supplied, a container-type window is created in which  other
       windows may be created inside it.

       Thus, if your .screenrc contains the lines

                   # example for .screenrc:
                   screen 1
                   screen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar

       screen creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a TELNET
       connection to the machine foobar (with no flow-control using the  title
       foobar in window #2) and will write a logfile (screenlog.2) of the tel‐
       net session.  Note, that unlike previous versions of  screen  no  addi‐
       tional  default  window is created when screen commands are included in
       your .screenrc file.  When  the  initialization  is  completed,  screen
       switches  to  the  last  window specified in your .screenrc file or, if
       none, opens a default window #0.

       Screen has built in some functionality of  cu  and  telnet.   See  also
       chapter WINDOW TYPES.

       scrollback num

       Set  the  size  of the scrollback buffer for the current windows to num
       lines. The default scrollback is 100 lines.  See also the defscrollback
       command and use info to view the current setting. To access and use the
       contents in the scrollback buffer, use the copy command.

       select [WindowID]

       Switch to the window identified by WindowID.  This can be a prefix of a
       window title (alphanumeric window name) or a window number.  The param‐
       eter is optional and if omitted, you get prompted  for  an  identifier.
       When  a  new  window  is  established,  the  first  available number is
       assigned to this window.  Thus, the first window can  be  activated  by
       select  0.   The  number  of windows is set by the MAXWIN configuration
       parameter (which defaults to 100), but  it  can  be  changed  by  using
       `maxwin'  command.   There  are  two  special  WindowIDs, - selects the
       internal blank window and . selects the current window. The  latter  is
       useful if used with screen's -X option.

       sessionname [name]

       Rename  the current session. Note, that for screen -list the name shows
       up with the process-id prepended. If the argument name is omitted,  the
       name  of this session is displayed. Caution: The $STY environment vari‐
       ables will still reflect the old name in pre-existing shells. This  may
       result  in confusion. Use of this command is generally discouraged. Use
       the -S command-line option if you want to  name  a  new  session.   The
       default is constructed from the tty and host names.

       setenv [var [string]]

       Set the environment variable var to value string.  If only var is spec‐
       ified, the user will be prompted to enter a value.   If  no  parameters
       are  specified,  the user will be prompted for both variable and value.
       The environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells.

       setsid [ on | off ]

       Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups for the win‐
       dows. If setsid is turned off, this is not done anymore and all windows
       will be in the same process group as the screen backend  process.  This
       also  breaks job-control, so be careful.  The default is on, of course.
       This command is probably useful only in rare circumstances.

       shell command

       Set the command to be used to create a new shell.  This  overrides  the
       value of the environment variable $SHELL.  This is useful if you'd like
       to run a tty-enhancer which is expecting to execute the program  speci‐
       fied  in $SHELL.  If the command begins with a '-' character, the shell
       will be started as a login-shell. Typical shells do only  minimal  ini‐
       tialization when not started as a login-shell.  E.g. Bash will not read
       your ~/.bash_profile unless it is a login-shell.

       shelltitle title

       Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the  C-A  C-c
       command.   For  details about what a title is, see the discussion enti‐
       tled TITLES (naming windows).

       silence [ on | off | sec ]

       Toggles silence monitoring of windows.  When silence is turned  on  and
       an  affected  window  is switched into the background, you will receive
       the silence notification message in the status line after  a  specified
       period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed with
       the `silencewait' command or by specifying a number of seconds  instead
       of `on' or `off'.  Silence is initially off for all windows.

       silencewait sec

       Define  the  time  that  all  windows monitored for silence should wait
       before displaying a message. Default 30 seconds.

       sleep num

       This command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for num  sec‐
       onds.   Keyboard  activity  will end the sleep.  It may be used to give
       users a chance to read the messages output by echo.

       slowpaste msec

       Define the speed at which text is inserted into the current  window  by
       the paste ("C-a ]") command.  If the slowpaste value is nonzero text is
       written character by character.  screen will make a pause of msec  mil‐
       liseconds after each single character write to allow the application to
       process its input. Only use slowpaste if your underlying system exposes
       flow control problems while pasting large amounts of text.

       sort

       Sort the windows in alphabetical order of the window tiles.

       source file

       Read and execute commands from file file. Source commands may be nested
       to a maximum recursion level of ten. If file is not  an  absolute  path
       and screen is already processing a source command, the parent directory
       of the running source command file is used to search for the  new  com‐
       mand file before screen's current directory.

       Note  that  termcap/terminfo/termcapinfo  commands only work at startup
       and reattach time, so they must be reached  via  the  default  screenrc
       files to have an effect.

       sorendition [attr[color]]

       This command is deprecated. See "rendition so" instead.

       split[-v]

       Split  the current region into two new ones. All regions on the display
       are resized to make room for the new region. The blank window  is  dis‐
       played  in the new region. The default is to create a horizontal split,
       putting the new regions on the top and bottom of each other. Using `-v'
       will create a vertical split, causing the new regions to appear side by
       side of each other.  Use the remove  or  the  only  command  to  delete
       regions.  Use focus to toggle between regions.

       When  a  region  is split opposite of how it was previously split (that
       is, vertical then horizontal or horizontal then vertical), a new  layer
       is  created.  The  layer is used to group together the regions that are
       split the same. Normally, as a user, you should not  see  nor  have  to
       worry  about  layers, but they will affect how some commands (focus and
       resize) behave.

       With this current implementation of screen, scrolling data will  appear
       much  slower  in  a  vertically split region than one that is not. This
       should be taken into consideration if you need to use  system  commands
       such as cat or tail -f.

       startup_message [ on | off ]

       Select  whether  you  want  to see the copyright notice during startup.
       Default is `on', as you probably noticed.

       status [ top | up | down | bottom ] [ left | right ]

       The status window by default is in bottom-left corner. This command can
       move  status  messages  to any corner of the screen. top is the same as
       up, down is the same as bottom.

       stuff [string]

       Stuff the string string in the input  buffer  of  the  current  window.
       This  is like the paste command but with much less overhead.  Without a
       parameter, screen will prompt for a string to stuff.  You cannot  paste
       large  buffers  with the stuff command. It is most useful for key bind‐
       ings. See also bindkey.

       su [username [password [password2]]]

       Substitute the user of a display. The command prompts for  all  parame‐
       ters  that  are omitted. If passwords are specified as parameters, they
       have to be specified un-crypted. The first password is matched  against
       the systems passwd database, the second password is matched against the
       screen password as set with the commands acladd or password.  Su may be
       useful for the screen administrator to test multiuser setups.  When the
       identification fails, the user has access to the commands available for
       user nobody.  These are detach, license, version, help and displays.

       suspend

       Suspend  screen.  The windows are in the `detached' state, while screen
       is suspended. This feature relies on the shell being  able  to  do  job
       control.

       term term

       In each window's environment screen opens, the $TERM variable is set to
       screen by default.  But when no description for screen is installed  in
       the  local  termcap  or  terminfo  data  base, you set $TERM to - say -
       vt100. This won't do much harm, as  screen  is  VT100/ANSI  compatible.
       The  use  of  the  term command is discouraged for non-default purpose.
       That is, one may want to specify special $TERM  settings  (e.g.  vt100)
       for the next screen rlogin othermachine command. Use the command screen
       -T vt100 rlogin othermachine rather  than  setting  and  resetting  the
       default.

       termcap term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]

       terminfo term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]

       termcapinfo term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]

       Use  this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry without going
       through all the hassles involved in creating a  custom  termcap  entry.
       Plus,  you  can optionally customize the termcap generated for the win‐
       dows.  You have to place these commands in one of the screenrc  startup
       files, as they are meaningless once the terminal emulator is booted.

       If  your  system uses the terminfo database rather than termcap, screen
       will understand the `terminfo' command, which has the same  effects  as
       the  `termcap'  command.   Two separate commands are provided, as there
       are subtle syntactic differences,  e.g.  when  parameter  interpolation
       (using  `%')  is  required. Note that termcap names of the capabilities
       have to be used with the `terminfo' command.

       In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both terminfo and term‐
       cap  syntax,  you  can  use  the command `termcapinfo', which is just a
       shorthand for a pair of `termcap' and `terminfo' commands with  identi‐
       cal arguments.

       The  first  argument  specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by
       this definition.  You can specify multiple terminal names by separating
       them  with `|'s.  Use `*' to match all terminals and `vt*' to match all
       terminals that begin with vt.

       Each tweak argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated  by
       `:'s)  to  be  inserted  at the start of the appropriate termcap entry,
       enhancing it or overriding existing values.  The first  tweak  modifies
       your  terminal's  termcap,  and contains definitions that your terminal
       uses to perform certain functions.  Specify a null string to leave this
       unchanged (e.g. '').  The second (optional) tweak modifies all the win‐
       dow termcaps, and should contain definitions  that  screen  understands
       (see the VIRTUAL TERMINAL section).

       Some examples:

              termcap xterm*  LP:hs@

       Informs  screen  that  all  terminals that begin with `xterm' have firm
       auto-margins that allow the last position on the screen to  be  updated
       (LP), but they don't really have a status line (no 'hs' - append `@' to
       turn entries off).  Note that we assume `LP'  for  all  terminal  names
       that start with vt, but only if you don't specify a termcap command for
       that terminal.
              termcap vt*  LP

       termcap vt102|vt220  Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l

       Specifies the firm-margined `LP'  capability  for  all  terminals  that
       begin with `vt', and the second line will also add the escape-sequences
       to switch into (Z0) and back out of (Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if
       this  is a VT102 or VT220.  (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap
       to use the width-changing commands.)

              termcap vt100  ""  l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4

       This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds the function  key  labels
       to each window's termcap entry.

              termcap h19|z19  am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO  dc=\E[P

       Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables
       the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei) capabilities (the `@'  in  the
       `im' string is after the `=', so it is part of the string).  Having the
       `im' and `ei' definitions put into your terminal's termcap  will  cause
       screen  to  automatically  advertise the character-insert capability in
       each window's termcap.  Each window will also get the  delete-character
       capability  (dc) added to its termcap, which screen will translate into
       a line-update for the terminal (we're  pretending  it  doesn't  support
       character deletion).

       If  you  would  like  to fully specify each window's termcap entry, you
       should instead set the $SCREENCAP variable  prior  to  running  screen.
       See  the  discussion  on  the  VIRTUAL TERMINAL in this manual, and the
       termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions.

       time   [string]

       Uses the message line to display the time of day, the  host  name,  and
       the  load  averages  over 1, 5, and 15 minutes (if this is available on
       your system).  For window specific information, use info.

       If a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like
       it is described in the STRING ESCAPES chapter. Screen uses a default of
       "%c:%s %M %d %H%? %l%?".

       title [windowtitle]

       Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no name is speci‐
       fied, screen prompts for one. This command was known as `aka' in previ‐
       ous releases.

       unbindall

       Unbind all the bindings. This can be useful when screen is used  solely
       for its detaching abilities, such as when letting a console application
       run as a daemon. If, for some reason, it is necessary to bind  commands
       after this, use 'screen -X'.

       unsetenv var

       Unset an environment variable.

       utf8 [ on | off [ on | off ]]

       Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is enabled, the
       strings sent to the window will be UTF-8 encoded and vice versa.  Omit‐
       ting the parameter toggles the setting. If a second parameter is given,
       the display's encoding is also changed (this should rather be done with
       screen's  -U option).  See also defutf8, which changes the default set‐
       ting of a new window.

       vbell [ on | off ]

       Sets the visual bell setting for this window.  Omitting  the  parameter
       toggles  the  setting.  If vbell is switched on, but your terminal does
       not support a visual bell, a `vbell-message' is displayed in the status
       line  when the bell character (^G) is received.  Visual bell support of
       a terminal is defined by the termcap variable `vb' (terminfo: 'flash').

       Per default, vbell is off, thus the audible bell  is  used.   See  also
       `bell_msg'.

       vbell_msg [message]

       Sets  the visual bell message. message is printed to the status line if
       the window receives a bell character (^G), vbell is set to on, but  the
       terminal  does not support a visual bell.  The default message is Wuff,
       Wuff!!.  Without a parameter, the current message is shown.

       vbellwait sec

       Define a delay in seconds after each display of  screen's  visual  bell
       message. The default is 1 second.

       verbose [ on | off ]

       If  verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a win‐
       dow is created (or resurrected from  zombie  state).  Default  is  off.
       Without a parameter, the current setting is shown.

       version

       Print the current version and the compile date in the status line.

       wall message

       Write  a message to all displays. The message will appear in the termi‐
       nal's status line.

       width [-w|-d] [cols [lines]]

       Toggle the window width between 80 and 132 columns or set  it  to  cols
       columns  if an argument is specified.  This requires a capable terminal
       and the termcap entries Z0 and Z1.  See the termcap  command  for  more
       information.  You  can  also specify a new height if you want to change
       both values.  The -w option tells screen  to  leave  the  display  size
       unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.

       windowlist [ -b ] [ -m ] [ -g ]

       windowlist string [string]

       windowlist title [title]

       Display  all windows in a table for visual window selection.  If screen
       was in a window group, screen will back out of the group and then  dis‐
       play the windows in that group.  If the -b option is given, screen will
       switch to the blank window before presenting the list, so that the cur‐
       rent window is also selectable.  The -m option changes the order of the
       windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen uses its  internal
       most-recently-used  list.   The  -g option will show the windows inside
       any groups in that level and downwards.

       The following keys are used to navigate in windowlist:


       tab(@); l l.  _ k, C-p, or up@Move up one line.  _ j, C-n, or down@Move
       down one line.  _ C-g or escape@Exit windowlist.  _ C-a or home@Move to
       the first line.  _ C-e or end@Move to the last line.  _ C-u or C-d@Move
       one  half page up or down.  _ C-b or C-f@Move one full page up or down.
       _  0..9@Using  the  number  keys,  move  to  the  selected   line.    _
       mouseclick@T{  Move  to the selected line. Available when mousetrack is
       set to on T} _ /@Search.  _ n@Repeat search in the  forward  direction.
       _ N@Repeat search in the backward direction.  _ m@Toggle MRU.  _ g@Tog‐
       gle group nesting.  _ a@All window view.  _ C-h or  backspace@Back  out
       the  group.   _  ,@Switch numbers with the previous window.  _ .@Switch
       numbers with the next window.   _  K@Kill  that  window.   _  space  or
       enter@Select that window.  _

       The  table  format can be changed with the string and title option, the
       title is displayed as table heading, while the lines are made by  using
       the  string  setting.  The  default  setting is Num Name%=Flags for the
       title and %3n %t%=%f for the lines.  See the STRING ESCAPES chapter for
       more codes (e.g. color settings).

       Windowlist  needs  a  region  size of at least 10 characters wide and 6
       characters high in order to display.

       windows [ string ]

       Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows.  Each  win‐
       dow  is listed by number with the name of process that has been started
       in the window (or its title); the current window is marked with a  `*';
       the  previous  window  is  marked  with a `-'; all the windows that are
       logged in are marked with a `$'; a background window that has  received
       a  bell  is  marked with a `!'; a background window that is being moni‐
       tored and has had activity occur is marked with an `@'; a window  which
       has  output logging turned on is marked with `(L)'; windows occupied by
       other users are marked with `&'; windows in the zombie state are marked
       with  `Z'.   If  this  list is too long to fit on the terminal's status
       line only the portion around the  current  window  is  displayed.   The
       optional string parameter follows the STRING ESCAPES format.  If string
       parameter is passed, the output size is unlimited.  The default command
       without any parameter is limited to a size of 1024 bytes.

       wrap [ on | off ]

       Sets  the  line-wrap setting for the current window.  When line-wrap is
       on, the second consecutive printable character output at the last  col‐
       umn  of  a  line  will  wrap to the start of the following line.  As an
       added feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to
       the  previous line.  Default is `on'. Without any options, the state of
       wrap is toggled.

       writebuf [-e encoding] [filename]

       Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file,  or  the
       public accessible screen-exchange file if no filename is given. This is
       thought of as a primitive means of communication between  screen  users
       on  the  same  host.  If  an  encoding is specified the paste buffer is
       recoded on the fly to match the encoding.  The filename can be set with
       the bufferfile command and defaults to /tmp/screen-exchange.

       writelock [ on | off | auto]

       In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to write
       to the same window at once. Per default, writelock is  in  `auto'  mode
       and  grants  exclusive input permission to the user who is the first to
       switch to the particular window. When he leaves the window, other users
       may  obtain the writelock (automatically). The writelock of the current
       window is disabled by the command writelock off. If the user issues the
       command  writelock  on  he  keeps  the exclusive write permission while
       switching to other windows.

       xoff

       xon

       Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to the stdin queue  of  the  current
       window.

       zmodem [ off | auto | catch | pass ]

       zmodem sendcmd [string]

       zmodem recvcmd [string]

       Define  zmodem  support  for  screen.  Screen understands two different
       modes when it detects a zmodem request: pass and catch.  If the mode is
       set  to  pass, screen will relay all data to the attacher until the end
       of the transmission is reached.  In catch mode screen acts as a  zmodem
       endpoint  and  starts  the corresponding rz/sz commands. If the mode is
       set to auto, screen will use catch if the  window  is  a  tty  (e.g.  a
       serial line), otherwise it will use pass.

       You  can  define the templates screen uses in catch mode via the second
       and the third form.

       Note also that this is an experimental feature.

       zombie [keys[onerror]]

       Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon  as
       the  windows  process  (e.g. shell) exits. When a string of two keys is
       specified to the zombie command, `dead'  windows  will  remain  in  the
       list.   The  kill command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing
       the first key in the dead window has the same effect. When pressing the
       second  key,  screen  will attempt to resurrect the window. The process
       that was initially running in the window will be launched again.  Call‐
       ing  zombie without parameters will clear the zombie setting, thus mak‐
       ing windows disappear when their process exits.

       As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally  for  all  windows,  this
       command should probably be called defzombie, but it isn't.

       Optionally you can put the word onerror after the keys. This will cause
       screen to monitor exit status of the process running in the window.  If
       it  exits  normally  ('0'), the window disappears. Any other exit value
       causes the window to become a zombie.

       zombie_timeout[seconds]

       Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon  as
       the  windows  process  (e.g.  shell)  exits. If zombie keys are defined
       (compare with above zombie command), it is possible to also set a time‐
       out when screen tries to automatically reconnect a dead screen window.


THE MESSAGE LINE
       Screen  displays informational messages and other diagnostics in a mes‐
       sage line.  While this line is distributed to appear at the  bottom  of
       the screen, it can be defined to appear at the top of the screen during
       compilation.  If your terminal has a status line defined in  its  term‐
       cap, screen will use this for displaying its messages, otherwise a line
       of the current screen will be temporarily overwritten and  output  will
       be  momentarily  interrupted. The message line is automatically removed
       after a few seconds delay, but it can also be removed early (on  termi‐
       nals without a status line) by beginning to type.

       The  message line facility can be used by an application running in the
       current window by means of the ANSI Privacy message  control  sequence.
       For instance, from within the shell, try something like:

              echo '<esc>^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'<esc>\\'

       where  '<esc>'  is an escape, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and '\\' turns
       into a single backslash.


WINDOW TYPES
       Screen provides three different window types. New windows  are  created
       with  screen's screen command (see also the entry in chapter CUSTOMIZA‐
       TION). The first parameter to the screen command defines which type  of
       window  is created. The different window types are all special cases of
       the normal type. They have been added in order to allow  screen  to  be
       used efficiently as a console multiplexer with 100 or more windows.


       ·  The  normal  window  contains  a  shell (default, if no parameter is
          given) or any other system command that could  be  executed  from  a
          shell (e.g.  slogin, etc...)


       ·  If  a tty (character special device) name (e.g. /dev/ttya) is speci‐
          fied as the first parameter, then the window is  directly  connected
          to  this  device.   This  window  type  is  similar  to screen cu -l
          /dev/ttya.  Read and write access is required on the device node, an
          exclusive  open is attempted on the node to mark the connection line
          as busy.  An optional parameter is allowed  consisting  of  a  comma
          separated list of flags in the notation used by stty(1):

          <baud_rate>
                 Usually  300,  1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission
                 as well as receive speed.

          cs8 or cs7
                 Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.

          cstopb or -cstopb
                 Specify two stop bits per character (one with '-')

          parenb or -parenb
                 Generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input

          parodd or -parodd
                 Set odd parity (or even parity with '-')

          ixon or -ixon
                 Enables (or disables) software  flow-control  (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q)
                 for sending data.

          ixoff or -ixoff
                 Enables  (or  disables)  software  flow-control for receiving
                 data.

          istrip or -istrip
                 Clear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte.

          You may want to specify as many  of  these  options  as  applicable.
          Unspecified options cause the terminal driver to make up the parame‐
          ter values of the connection.  These values are system dependent and
          may be in defaults or values saved from a previous connection.

          For  tty  windows,  the info command shows some of the modem control
          lines in the status line. These may  include  `RTS',  `CTS',  'DTR',
          `DSR',  `CD'  and more.  This depends on the available ioctl()'s and
          system header files as well as the on the physical  capabilities  of
          the  serial  board.   Signals  that  are logical low (inactive) have
          their name preceded by an exclamation mark (!), otherwise the signal
          is logical high (active).  Signals not supported by the hardware but
          available to the ioctl() interface are usually shown low.

          When the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of  modem  signals
          is  placed inside curly braces ({ and }).  When the CRTSCTS or TIOC‐
          SOFTCAR bit is set, the signals `CTS' or `CD' are shown in parenthe‐
          sis, respectively.

          For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line
          (TxD) to go low for a specified period of time. This is expected  to
          be  interpreted  as break signal on the other side.  No data is sent
          and no modem control line is changed when a break is issued.


       ·  If the first parameter is //telnet, the second parameter is expected
          to be a host name, and an optional third parameter may specify a TCP
          port number (default decimal 23).  Screen will connect to  a  server
          listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to communi‐
          cate with that server.

       For telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connection
       in square brackets ([ and ]) at the end of the status line.

              b      BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.

              e      ECHO. Local echo is disabled.

              c      SGA.  The  connection  is  in  `character mode' (default:
                     `line mode').

              t      TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the remote
                     host.   Screen  sends  the  name screen unless instructed
                     otherwise (see also the command `term').

              w      NAWS. The remote  site  is  notified  about  window  size
                     changes.

              f      LFLOW.  The  remote  host will send flow control informa‐
                     tion.  (Ignored at the moment.)

              Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC,  TSPEED
              and NEWENV).

              For  telnet windows, the command break sends the telnet code IAC
              BREAK (decimal 243) to the remote host.


              This window type is only available if screen was  compiled  with
              the ENABLE_TELNET option defined.



STRING ESCAPES
       Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the cur‐
       rent time into messages or file names. The escape character is '%' with
       one  exception:  inside  of  a  window's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is used
       instead.

       Here is the full list of supported escapes:

       %      the escape character itself

       E      sets %? to true if the escape character has been pressed.

       e      encoding

       f      flags of the window, see windows for  meanings  of  the  various
              flags

       F      sets %? to true if the window has the focus

       h      hardstatus of the window

       H      hostname of the system

       n      window number

       P      sets %? to true if the current region is in copy/paste mode

       S      session name

       s      window size

       t      window title

       u      all other users on this window

       w      all window numbers and names. With '-' qualifier: up to the cur‐
              rent window; with '+' qualifier: starting with the window  after
              the current one.

       W      all window numbers and names except the current one

       x      the executed command including arguments running in this windows

       X      the executed command without arguments running in this windows

       ?      the  part  to  the  next  '%?' is displayed only if a '%' escape
              inside the part expands to a non-empty string

       :      else part of '%?'

       =      pad the string to the display's width (like TeX's hfill).  If  a
              number  is  specified,  pad  to  the  percentage of the window's
              width.  A '0' qualifier tells screen  to  treat  the  number  as
              absolute  position.  You can specify to pad relative to the last
              absolute pad position by adding a '+' qualifier or to pad  rela‐
              tive to the right margin by using '-'. The padding truncates the
              string if the specified position lies before the  current  posi‐
              tion. Add the 'L' qualifier to change this.

       <      same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces

       >      mark  the  current  text  position for the next truncation. When
              screen needs to do truncation, it tries to do it in a  way  that
              the  marked  position  gets moved to the specified percentage of
              the output area. (The area starts from  the  last  absolute  pad
              position  and ends with the position specified by the truncation
              operator.) The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mark the  truncated
              parts with '...'.

       {      attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next }

       `      Substitute  with  the output of a 'backtick' command. The length
              qualifier is misused to identify one of the commands.

       The 'c' and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make  screen  use
       zero  instead  of space as fill character. The '0' qualifier also makes
       the '=' escape use absolute positions. The 'n' and '='  escapes  under‐
       stand a length qualifier (e.g. '%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed with
       'L' to generate long names, 'w' and 'W' also show the window  flags  if
       'L' is given.

       An  attribute/color  modifier  is  used to change the attributes or the
       color settings. Its format is [attribute modifier] [color description].
       The  attribute  modifier must be prefixed by a change type indicator if
       it can be confused with a color description. The following change types
       are known:

       +      add the specified set to the current attributes

       -      remove the set from the current attributes

       !      invert the set in the current attributes

       =      change the current attributes to the specified set

       The  attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a
       combination of the following letters:

       d      dim
       u      underline
       b      bold
       r      reverse
       s      /standout
       B      blinking

       Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specify‐
       ing  the  desired  background and foreground color (in that order). The
       following colors are known:

       k      black
       r      red
       g      green
       y      yellow
       b      blue
       m      magenta
       c      cyan
       w      white
       d      default color
       .      leave color unchanged

       The capitalized versions of the letter specify bright colors.  You  can
       also  use the pseudo-color 'i' to set just the brightness and leave the
       color unchanged.
       A one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or  back‐
       ground  color  dependent  on the current attributes: if reverse mode is
       set, the background color is changed instead of the  foreground  color.
       If you don't like this, prefix the color with a .. If you want the same
       behavior for two-letter color descriptions, also prefix them with a ..
       As a special case, %{-} restores the attributes and  colors  that  were
       set before the last change was made (i.e., pops one level of the color-
       change stack).

       Examples:

       G      set color to bright green

       +b r   use bold red

       = yd   clear all attributes, write in default  color  on  yellow  back‐
              ground.

       %-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<
              The  available  windows centered at the current window and trun‐
              cated to the available width. The current  window  is  displayed
              white on blue.  This can be used with hardstatus alwayslastline.

       %?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?
              The  window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if one
              is set.  Also use a red background if this is the active  focus.
              Useful for caption string.

FLOW-CONTROL
       Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals
       with the XON and XOFF characters (and perhaps the interrupt character).
       When  flow-control is turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF char‐
       acters, which allows the user to send them to the  current  program  by
       simply  typing  them  (useful for the emacs editor, for instance).  The
       trade-off is that it will take longer for output from a normal  program
       to  pause in response to an XOFF.  With flow-control turned on, XON and
       XOFF characters are used to immediately pause the output of the current
       window.   You  can  still send these characters to the current program,
       but you must use the appropriate two-character screen  commands  (typi‐
       cally  C-a  q  (xon) and C-a s (xoff)).  The xon/xoff commands are also
       useful for typing C-s and C-q past a  terminal  that  intercepts  these
       characters.

       Each  window  has  an initial flow-control value set with either the -f
       option or the defflow .screenrc command. Per default  the  windows  are
       set  to  automatic  flow-switching.  It can then be toggled between the
       three states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with
       the flow command bound to "C-a f".

       The  automatic  flow-switching  mode  deals with flow control using the
       TIOCPKT mode (like rlogin does). If the tty  driver  does  not  support
       TIOCPKT,  screen  tries to find out the right mode based on the current
       setting of the application keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control is
       turned  off  and visa versa.  Of course, you can still manipulate flow-
       control manually when needed.

       If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that pressing  the
       interrupt  key  (usually  C-c)  does  not  interrupt  the display until
       another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try running screen with the  inter‐
       rupt  option  (add  the  interrupt  flag  to  the  flow command in your
       .screenrc, or use the -i command-line option).  This causes the  output
       that screen has accumulated from the interrupted program to be flushed.
       One disadvantage is that the virtual  terminal's  memory  contains  the
       non-flushed  version of the output, which in rare cases can cause minor
       inaccuracies in the output.  For example, if  you  switch  screens  and
       return,  or  update  the screen with C-a l you would see the version of
       the output you would have gotten without interrupt being on.  Also, you
       might  need  to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow mode to turn it
       off automatically) when running a program that expects you to type  the
       interrupt character as input, as it is possible to interrupt the output
       of the virtual terminal to your physical terminal when flow-control  is
       enabled.   If  this  happens, a simple refresh of the screen with C-a l
       will restore it.  Give each mode a try, and use whichever mode you find
       more comfortable.



TITLES (naming windows)
       You can customize each window's name in the window display (viewed with
       the windows command (C-a w)) by setting it with one of the  title  com‐
       mands.   Normally  the name displayed is the actual command name of the
       program created in the window.  However, it is sometimes useful to dis‐
       tinguish  various  programs  of the same name or to change the name on-
       the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.

       The default name for all shell windows can be set with  the  shelltitle
       command in the .screenrc file, while all other windows are created with
       a screen command and thus can have their name set with the  -t  option.
       Interactively,    there    is    the    title-string    escape-sequence
       (<esc>kname<esc>\) and the title command (C-a A).  The  former  can  be
       output  from an application to control the window's name under software
       control, and the latter will prompt for a name  when  typed.   You  can
       also  bind  pre-defined  names  to  keys  with the title command to set
       things  quickly  without  prompting.  Changing  title  by  this  escape
       sequence  can  be  controlled  by defdynamictitle and dynamictitle com‐
       mands.

       Finally, screen has a shell-specific heuristic that is enabled by  set‐
       ting  the  window's  name  to  search|name and arranging to have a null
       title escape-sequence output as a part of your prompt.  The search por‐
       tion  specifies  an end-of-prompt search string, while the name portion
       specifies the default shell name for the window.  If the name ends in a
       `:'  screen will add what it believes to be the current command running
       in the window to the end of the window's shell  name  (e.g.  name:cmd).
       Otherwise  the  current command name supersedes the shell name while it
       is running.

       Here's how it works:  you must modify your shell  prompt  to  output  a
       null  title-escape-sequence  (<esc>k<esc>\)  as  a part of your prompt.
       The last part of your prompt must be the same as the string you  speci‐
       fied  for the search portion of the title.  Once this is set up, screen
       will use the title-escape-sequence to clear the previous  command  name
       and  get  ready for the next command.  Then, when a newline is received
       from the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt.  If  found,
       it  will grab the first word after the matched string and use it as the
       command name.  If the command name begins with either '!', '%', or  '^'
       screen  will  use  the  first  word on the following line (if found) in
       preference to the just-found name.  This helps  csh  users  get  better
       command names when using job control or history recall commands.

       Here's some .screenrc examples:

                   screen -t top 2 nice top

       Adding  this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of the
       top command in window 2 named top rather than nice.

                   shelltitle '> |csh'
                   screen 1

       These commands would start a shell  with  the  given  shelltitle.   The
       title  specified  is an auto-title that would expect the prompt and the
       typed command to look something like the following:

                   /usr/joe/src/dir> trn

       (it looks after the '> ' for the  command  name).   The  window  status
       would  show  the  name trn while the command was running, and revert to
       csh upon completion.

                   bind R screen -t '% |root:' su

       Having this command in your .screenrc would bind the key sequence C-a R
       to  the  su  command and give it an auto-title name of root:.  For this
       auto-title to work, the screen could look something like this:

                   % !em
                   emacs file.c

       Here the user typed the csh history command !em which  ran  the  previ‐
       ously  entered  emacs command.  The window status would show root:emacs
       during the execution of the command, and revert to simply root: at  its
       completion.

                   bind o title
                   bind E title ""
                   bind u title (unknown)

       The  first  binding  doesn't have any arguments, so it would prompt you
       for a title when you type C-a o.  The second  binding  would  clear  an
       auto-title's  current setting (C-a E).  The third binding would set the
       current window's title to (unknown) (C-a u).

       One thing to keep in mind when adding a null  title-escape-sequence  to
       your  prompt  is that some shells (like the csh) count all the non-con‐
       trol characters as part of the prompt's  length.   If  these  invisible
       characters  aren't  a  multiple  of  8 then backspacing over a tab will
       result in an incorrect display.  One way to get around this is to use a
       prompt like this:

                   set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '

       The  escape-sequence  <esc>[0000m  not  only  normalizes  the character
       attributes, but all the zeros round the length of the invisible charac‐
       ters  up  to  8.   Bash  users  will  probably  want to echo the escape
       sequence in the PROMPT_COMMAND:

                   PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k\033\134"'

       (I used \134 to output a `\' because of a bug in bash v1.04).



THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL
       Each window in a screen session emulates a VT100  terminal,  with  some
       extra  functions added. The VT100 emulator is hard-coded, no other ter‐
       minal types can be emulated.
       Usually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI  standard  as
       possible.  But  if your terminal lacks certain capabilities, the emula‐
       tion may not be complete. In these cases screen has to tell the  appli‐
       cations  that  some  of the features are missing. This is no problem on
       machines using termcap, because screen can use the $TERMCAP variable to
       customize the standard screen termcap.

       But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports only
       terminfo this method fails. Because of this, screen  offers  a  way  to
       deal with these cases.  Here is how it works:

       When  screen  tries  to figure out a terminal name for itself, it first
       looks for an entry named screen.<term>, where <term> is the contents of
       your  $TERM variable.  If no such entry exists, screen tries screen (or
       screen-w if the terminal is wide (132 cols or  more)).   If  even  this
       entry cannot be found, vt100 is used as a substitute.

       The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't support an impor‐
       tant feature (e.g. delete char or clear to EOS) you  can  build  a  new
       termcap/terminfo  entry  for  screen (named screen.<dumbterm>) in which
       this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed  on  your
       machines  you  are able to do a rlogin and still keep the correct term‐
       cap/terminfo entry.  The terminal name is put in the $TERM variable  of
       all new windows.  Screen also sets the $TERMCAP variable reflecting the
       capabilities of the virtual terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on
       machines using the terminfo database this variable has no effect.  Fur‐
       thermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each win‐
       dow.

       The  actual  set  of  capabilities  supported  by  the virtual terminal
       depends on the capabilities supported by the  physical  terminal.   If,
       for  instance,  the physical terminal does not support underscore mode,
       screen does not put the `us' and `ue' capabilities  into  the  window's
       $TERMCAP variable, accordingly.  However, a minimum number of capabili‐
       ties must be supported by a terminal in order  to  run  screen;  namely
       scrolling,  clear  screen,  and  direct cursor addressing (in addition,
       screen does not run on hardcopy terminals or on  terminals  that  over-
       strike).

       Also,  you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using the
       termcap .screenrc command, or by defining the variable $SCREENCAP prior
       to  startup.  When the latter is defined, its value will be copied ver‐
       batim into each window's $TERMCAP variable.  This  can  either  be  the
       full  terminal  definition,  or  a  filename  where the terminal screen
       (and/or screen-w) is defined.

       Note that screen honors the terminfo .screenrc command  if  the  system
       uses the terminfo database rather than termcap.

       When  the  boolean  `G0' capability is present in the termcap entry for
       the terminal on which screen has been called, the terminal emulation of
       screen supports multiple character sets.  This allows an application to
       make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national
       character sets.  The following control functions from ISO 2022 are sup‐
       ported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock shift G1 (SO),  lock  shift  G2,  lock
       shift  G3, single shift G2, and single shift G3.  When a virtual termi‐
       nal is created or reset, the ASCII character set is  designated  as  G0
       through  G3.  When the `G0' capability is present, screen evaluates the
       capabilities `S0', `E0', and `C0' if present. `S0' is the sequence  the
       terminal  uses  to  enable  and start the graphics character set rather
       than SI.  `E0' is the corresponding replacement for SO.  `C0'  gives  a
       character  by  character  translation  string that is used during semi-
       graphics mode. This string is built like the `acsc'  terminfo  capabil‐
       ity.

       When the `po' and `pf' capabilities are present in the terminal's term‐
       cap entry, applications running in a screen window can send  output  to
       the printer port of the terminal.  This allows a user to have an appli‐
       cation in one window sending output to a printer connected to the  ter‐
       minal,  while  all  other windows are still active (the printer port is
       enabled and disabled again for each  chunk  of  output).   As  a  side-
       effect,  programs  running  in different windows can send output to the
       printer simultaneously.  Data sent to the printer is not  displayed  in
       the window.  The info command displays a line starting `PRIN' while the
       printer is active.

       Screen maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a  window  gets
       selected,  the  display's  hardstatus will be updated to match the win‐
       dow's hardstatus line. If the display has no hardstatus the  line  will
       be  displayed as a standard screen message.  The hardstatus line can be
       changed   with   the   ANSI   Application   Program   Command    (APC):
       ESC_<string>ESC\.  As  a  convenience  for  xterm  users  the  sequence
       ESC]0..2;<string>^G is also accepted.

       Some capabilities are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of  the  vir‐
       tual  terminal  if  they can be efficiently implemented by the physical
       terminal.  For instance, `dl' (delete line) is only put into the $TERM‐
       CAP  variable  if  the  terminal  supports either delete line itself or
       scrolling regions. Note that this may provoke confusion, when the  ses‐
       sion  is  reattached  on a different terminal, as the value of $TERMCAP
       cannot be modified by parent processes.

       The "alternate screen" capability is not enabled by default.   Set  the
       altscreen .screenrc command to enable it.

       The following is a list of control sequences recognized by screen.  (V)
       and (A) indicate VT100-specific and ANSI-  or  ISO-specific  functions,
       respectively.

       ESC E                      Next Line

       ESC D                      Index

       ESC M                      Reverse Index

       ESC H                      Horizontal Tab Set

       ESC Z                      Send VT100 Identification String

       ESC 7                 (V)  Save Cursor and Attributes

       ESC 8                 (V)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

       ESC [s                (A)  Save Cursor and Attributes

       ESC [u                (A)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

       ESC c                      Reset to Initial State

       ESC g                      Visual Bell

       ESC Pn p                   Cursor Visibility (97801)

                                  Pn = 6                     Invisible

                                  Pn = 7                     Visible

       ESC =                 (V)  Application Keypad Mode

       ESC >                 (V)  Numeric Keypad Mode

       ESC # 8               (V)  Fill Screen with E's

       ESC \                 (A)  String Terminator

       ESC ^                 (A)  Privacy Message String (Message Line)

       ESC !                      Global Message String (Message Line)

       ESC k                      A.k.a. Definition String

       ESC P                 (A)  Device  Control  String.   Outputs  a string
                                  directly to the host terminal without inter‐
                                  pretation.

       ESC _                 (A)  Application Program Command (Hardstatus)

       ESC ] 0 ; string ^G   (A)  Operating  System Command (Hardstatus, xterm
                                  title hack)

       ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G     (A)  Execute screen command. This only  works  if
                                  multi-user  support is compiled into screen.
                                  The pseudo-user :window: is  used  to  check
                                  the access control list. Use addacl :window:
                                  -rwx #? to create a user with no rights  and
                                  allow only the needed commands.

       Control-N             (A)  Lock Shift G1 (SO)

       Control-O             (A)  Lock Shift G0 (SI)

       ESC n                 (A)  Lock Shift G2

       ESC o                 (A)  Lock Shift G3

       ESC N                 (A)  Single Shift G2

       ESC O                 (A)  Single Shift G3

       ESC ( Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G0

       ESC ) Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G1

       ESC * Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G2

       ESC + Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G3

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn H            Direct Cursor Addressing

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn f            same as above

       ESC [ Pn J                 Erase in Display

                                  Pn = None or 0             From   Cursor  to
                                                             End of Screen

                                  Pn = 1                     From Beginning of
                                                             Screen to Cursor

                                  Pn = 2                     Entire Screen

       ESC [ Pn K                 Erase in Line

                                  Pn = None or 0             From   Cursor  to
                                                             End of Line

                                  Pn = 1                     From Beginning of
                                                             Line to Cursor

                                  Pn = 2                     Entire Line

       ESC [ Pn X                 Erase character

       ESC [ Pn A                 Cursor Up

       ESC [ Pn B                 Cursor Down

       ESC [ Pn C                 Cursor Right

       ESC [ Pn D                 Cursor Left

       ESC [ Pn E                 Cursor next line

       ESC [ Pn F                 Cursor previous line

       ESC [ Pn G                 Cursor horizontal position

       ESC [ Pn `                 same as above

       ESC [ Pn d                 Cursor vertical position

       ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps m        Select Graphic Rendition

                                  Ps = None or 0             Default Rendition

                                  Ps = 1                     Bold

                                  Ps = 2                (A)  Faint

                                  Ps = 3                (A)  Standout     Mode
                                                             (ANSI:     Itali‐
                                                             cized)

                                  Ps = 4                     Underlined

                                  Ps = 5                     Blinking

                                  Ps = 7                     Negative Image

                                  Ps = 22               (A)  Normal Intensity

                                  Ps = 23               (A)  Standout Mode off
                                                             (ANSI: Italicized
                                                             off)

                                  Ps = 24               (A)  Not Underlined

                                  Ps = 25               (A)  Not Blinking

                                  Ps = 27               (A)  Positive Image

                                  Ps = 30               (A)  Foreground Black

                                  Ps = 31               (A)  Foreground Red

                                  Ps = 32               (A)  Foreground Green

                                  Ps = 33               (A)  Foreground Yellow

                                  Ps = 34               (A)  Foreground Blue

                                  Ps = 35               (A)  Foreground
                                                             Magenta

                                  Ps = 36               (A)  Foreground Cyan

                                  Ps = 37               (A)  Foreground White

                                  Ps = 39               (A)  Foreground
                                                             Default

                                  Ps = 40               (A)  Background Black

                                  Ps = ...

                                  Ps = 49               (A)  Background
                                                             Default

       ESC [ Pn g                 Tab Clear

                                  Pn = None or 0             Clear Tab at Cur‐
                                                             rent Position

                                  Pn = 3                     Clear All Tabs

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn r       (V)  Set Scrolling Region

       ESC [ Pn I            (A)  Horizontal Tab

       ESC [ Pn Z            (A)  Backward Tab

       ESC [ Pn L            (A)  Insert Line

       ESC [ Pn M            (A)  Delete Line

       ESC [ Pn @            (A)  Insert Character

       ESC [ Pn P            (A)  Delete Character

       ESC [ Pn S                 Scroll Scrolling Region Up

       ESC [ Pn T                 Scroll Scrolling Region Down

       ESC [ Pn ^                 same as above

       ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps h        Set Mode

       ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps l        Reset Mode

                                  Ps = 4                (A)  Insert Mode

                                  Ps = 20               (A)  Automatic   Line‐
                                                             feed Mode

                                  Ps = 34                    Normal     Cursor
                                                             Visibility

                                  Ps = ?1               (V)  Application  Cur‐
                                                             sor Keys

                                  Ps = ?3               (V)  Change   Terminal
                                                             Width to 132 col‐
                                                             umns

                                  Ps = ?5               (V)  Reverse Video

                                  Ps = ?6               (V)  Origin Mode

                                  Ps = ?7               (V)  Wrap Mode

                                  Ps = ?9                    X10 mouse  track‐
                                                             ing

                                  Ps = ?25              (V)  Visible Cursor

                                  Ps = ?47                   Alternate  Screen
                                                             (old xterm code)

                                  Ps = ?1000            (V)  VT200       mouse
                                                             tracking

                                  Ps = ?1047                 Alternate  Screen
                                                             (new xterm code)

                                  Ps = ?1049                 Alternate  Screen
                                                             (new xterm code)

       ESC [ 5 i             (A)  Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

       ESC [ 4 i             (A)  Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

       ESC [ 8 ; Ph ; Pw t        Resize  the  window  to  `Ph' lines and `Pw'
                                  columns (SunView special)

       ESC [ c                    Send VT100 Identification String

       ESC [ x                    Send Terminal Parameter Report

       ESC [ > c                  Send  VT220  Secondary   Device   Attributes
                                  String

       ESC [ 6 n                  Send Cursor Position Report



INPUT TRANSLATION
       In  order  to  do  a  full  VT100 emulation screen has to detect that a
       sequence of characters in the input stream was generated by a  keypress
       on  the  user's  keyboard  and  insert the VT100 style escape sequence.
       Screen has a very flexible way of doing this by making it  possible  to
       map  arbitrary commands on arbitrary sequences of characters. For stan‐
       dard VT100 emulation the command will always insert  a  string  in  the
       input  buffer  of the window (see also command stuff in the command ta‐
       ble).  Because the sequences generated by a keypress can change after a
       reattach  from  a  different terminal type, it is possible to bind com‐
       mands to the termcap name of the keys.  Screen will insert the  correct
       binding  after  each  reattach.  See  the  bindkey  command for further
       details on the syntax and examples.

       Here is the table of the default key bindings. The fourth is what  com‐
       mand is executed if the keyboard is switched into application mode.

       allbox;  l  l  l  l.  Key name              Termcap nameCommandApp mode
       Cursor up          ku\033[A\033OA Cursor  down           kd\033[B\033OB
       Cursor               right          kr\033[C\033OC               Cursor
       left           kl\033[D\033OD Function key 0        k0\033[10~ Function
       key  1         k1\033OP  Function  key  2        k2\033OQ  Function key
       3        k3\033OR   Function   key   4        k4\033OS   Function   key
       5        k5\033[15~   Function  key  6        k6\033[17~  Function  key
       7        k7\033[18~  Function  key  8        k8\033[19~  Function   key
       9        k9\033[20~   Function  key  10       k;\033[21~  Function  key
       11       F1\033[23~       Function       key        12       F2\033[24~
       Home                  kh\033[1~         End                   kH\033[4~
       Insert                kI\033[2~  Delete                kD\033[3~   Page
       up               kP\033[5~   Page   down             kN\033[6~   Keypad
       0              f00\033Op   Keypad    1              f11\033Oq    Keypad
       2              f22\033Or    Keypad    3              f33\033Os   Keypad
       4              f44\033Ot   Keypad    5              f55\033Ou    Keypad
       6              f66\033Ov    Keypad    7              f77\033Ow   Keypad
       8              f88\033Ox   Keypad    9              f99\033Oy    Keypad
       +              f++\033Ok    Keypad    -              f--\033Om   Keypad
       *              f**\033Oj   Keypad    /              f//\033Oo    Keypad
       =              fq=\033OX    Keypad    .              f..\033On   Keypad
       ,              f,,\033Ol Keypad enter          fe\015\033OM


SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES
       The following table describes all terminal capabilities that are recog‐
       nized  by  screen  and are not in the termcap(5) manual.  You can place
       these capabilities in your termcap entries (in `/etc/termcap')  or  use
       them  with the commands `termcap', `terminfo' and `termcapinfo' in your
       screenrc files. It is often not possible to place these capabilities in
       the terminfo database.

       LP   (bool)  Terminal  has  VT100 style margins (`magic margins'). Note
                    that this capability is obsolete because screen  uses  the
                    standard 'xn' instead.

       Z0   (str)   Change width to 132 columns.

       Z1   (str)   Change width to 80 columns.

       WS   (str)   Resize  display. This capability has the desired width and
                    height as arguments. SunView(tm) example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.

       NF   (bool)  Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q  direct
                    to  the  application.  Same as 'flow off'. The opposite of
                    this capability is 'nx'.

       G0   (bool)  Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.

       S0   (str)   Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset.  Default  is
                    '\E(%.'.

       E0   (str)   Switch  charset  'G0' back to standard charset. Default is
                    '\E(B'.

       C0   (str)   Use the string as a conversion table for font '0'. See the
                    'ac' capability for more details.

       CS   (str)   Switch cursor-keys to application mode.

       CE   (str)   Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.

       AN   (bool)  Turn  on  autonuke.  See  the  'autonuke' command for more
                    details.

       OL   (num)   Set the output buffer limit. See the  'obuflimit'  command
                    for more details.

       KJ   (str)   Set  the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' com‐
                    mand for valid encodings.

       AF   (str)   Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform  way.
                    This  capability  will  almost  always be set to '\E[3%dm'
                    ('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo machines).

       AB   (str)   Same as 'AF', but change background color.

       AX   (bool)  Does understand ANSI set default  fg/bg  color  (\E[39m  /
                    \E[49m).

       XC   (str)   Describe  a translation of characters to strings depending
                    on the current font. More details follow in the next  sec‐
                    tion.

       XT   (bool)  Terminal  understands  special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse
                    tracking).

       C8   (bool)  Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g.
                    Eterm).

       TF   (bool)  Add  missing  capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set
                    by default).


CHARACTER TRANSLATION
       Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate  characters  to  arbitrary
       strings depending on the current font and terminal type.  Use this fea‐
       ture if you want to work with a  common  standard  character  set  (say
       ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual charac‐
       ters over several national language font pages.

       Syntax:
           XC=<charset-mapping>{,,<charset-mapping>}
           <charset-mapping> := <designator><template>{,<mapping>}
           <mapping> := <char-to-be-mapped><template-arg>

       The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.

       A <charset-mapping> tells screen how to map characters in font  <desig‐
       nator>  ('B':  Ascii,  'A':  UK,  'K': German, etc.)  to strings. Every
       <mapping> describes to what string a single character  will  be  trans‐
       lated. A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes have
       a lot in common (for example strings to  switch  to  and  from  another
       charset).  Each  occurrence  of '%' in <template> gets substituted with
       the <template-arg> specified  together  with  the  character.  If  your
       strings  are  not  similar at all, then use '%' as a template and place
       the full string in <template-arg>. A quoting  mechanism  was  added  to
       make  it  possible to use a real '%'. The '\' character quotes the spe‐
       cial characters '\', '%', and ','.

       Here is an example:

           termcap hp700 'XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]'

       This tells screen how to translate ISOlatin1 (charset 'B')  upper  case
       umlaut characters on a hp700 terminal that has a German charset. '\304'
       gets translated to '\E(K[\E(B' and so on.  Note  that  this  line  gets
       parsed  *three* times before the internal lookup table is built, there‐
       fore a lot of quoting is needed to create a single '\'.

       Another extension was added to  allow  more  emulation:  If  a  mapping
       translates the unquoted '%' char, it will be sent to the terminal when‐
       ever screen switches to the corresponding <designator>. In this special
       case  the template is assumed to be just '%' because the charset switch
       sequence and the character mappings normally haven't much in common.

       This example shows one use of the extension:

           termcap xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334'

       Here, a part of the German ('K') charset is emulated on an  xterm.   If
       screen  has  to  change  to the 'K' charset, '\E(B' will be sent to the
       terminal, i.e. the ASCII charset is used instead. The template is  just
       '%',  so  the mapping is straightforward: '[' to '\304', '\' to '\326',
       and ']' to '\334'.


ENVIRONMENT
       COLUMNS        Number of columns on  the  terminal  (overrides  termcap
                      entry).
       HOME           Directory in which to look for .screenrc.
       LINES          Number  of  lines  on  the  terminal  (overrides termcap
                      entry).
       LOCKPRG        Screen lock program.
       NETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.
       PATH           Used for locating programs to run.
       SCREENCAP      For customizing a terminal's TERMCAP value.
       SCREENDIR      Alternate socket directory.
       SCREENRC       Alternate user screenrc file.
       SHELL          Default  shell  program  for  opening  windows  (default
                      /bin/sh).  See also shell .screenrc command.
       STY            Alternate socket name.
       SYSSCREENRC    Alternate system screenrc file.
       TERM           Terminal name.
       TERMCAP        Terminal description.
       WINDOW         Window number of a window (at creation time).

FILES
       .../screen-4.?.??/etc/screenrc
       .../screen-4.?.??/etc/etcscreenrc Examples  in  the screen distribution
                                         package for private and  global  ini‐
                                         tialization files.
       $SYSSCREENRC
       /usr/local/etc/screenrc           screen initialization commands
       $SCREENRC
       $HOME/.screenrc                   Read in after /usr/local/etc/screenrc
       $SCREENDIR/S-<login>
       /local/screens/S-<login>          Socket directories (default)
       /usr/tmp/screens/S-<login>        Alternate socket directories.
       <socket directory>/.termcap       Written by the "termcap" output func‐
                                         tion
       /usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange  or
       /tmp/screen-exchange              screen  `interprocess   communication
                                         buffer'
       hardcopy.[0-9]                    Screen images created by the hardcopy
                                         function
       screenlog.[0-9]                   Output log files created by  the  log
                                         function
       /usr/lib/terminfo/?/*             or
       /etc/termcap                      Terminal capability databases
       /etc/utmp                         Login records
       $LOCKPRG                          Program that locks a terminal.

AUTHORS
       Originally  created  by  Oliver Laumann. For a long time maintained and
       developed by Juergen Weigert, Michael Schroeder, Micah Cowan and Sadrul
       Habib  Chowdhury. Since 2015 maintained and developed by Amadeusz Slaw‐
       inski <amade@asmblr.net> and Alexander  Naumov  <alexander_naumov@open‐
       suse.org>.

COPYLEFT
       Copyright (c) 2018-2023
            Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.org>
            Amadeusz Slawinski <amade@asmblr.net>
       Copyright (c) 2015-2017
            Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
            Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.org>
            Amadeusz Slawinski <amade@asmblr.net>
       Copyright (c) 2010-2015
            Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
            Sadrul Habib Chowdhury <sadrul@users.sourceforge.net>
       Copyright (c) 2008, 2009
            Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
            Michael Schroeder <mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
            Micah Cowan <micah@cowan.name>
            Sadrul Habib Chowdhury <sadrul@users.sourceforge.net>
       Copyright (C) 1993-2003
            Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
            Michael Schroeder <mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
       Copyright (C) 1987 Oliver Laumann

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published  by  the
       Free  Software  Foundation;  either  version 3, or (at your option) any
       later version.
       This program is distributed in the hope that it  will  be  useful,  but
       WITHOUT  ANY  WARRANTY;  without  even  the  implied  warranty  of MER‐
       CHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU  General
       Public License for more details.
       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
       with this program (see the file COPYING); if not,  write  to  the  Free
       Software  Foundation,  Inc.,  59  Temple  Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
       02111-1307, USA

CONTRIBUTORS
       Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>,
       Carl Drougge <bearded@longhaired.org>,
       Maarten ter Huurne <maarten@treewalker.org>,
       Jussi Kukkonen <jussi.kukkonen@intel.com>,
       Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>,
       Thomas Renninger <treen@suse.com>,
       Axel Beckert <abe@deuxchevaux.org>,
       Ken Beal <kbeal@amber.ssd.csd.harris.com>,
       Rudolf Koenig <rfkoenig@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>,
       Toerless Eckert <eckert@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>,
       Wayne Davison <davison@borland.com>,
       Patrick Wolfe <pat@kai.com, kailand!pat>,
       Bart Schaefer <schaefer@cse.ogi.edu>,
       Nathan Glasser <nathan@brokaw.lcs.mit.edu>,
       Larry W. Virden <lvirden@cas.org>,
       Howard Chu <hyc@hanauma.jpl.nasa.gov>,
       Tim MacKenzie <tym@dibbler.cs.monash.edu.au>,
       Markku Jarvinen <mta@{cc,cs,ee}.tut.fi>,
       Marc Boucher <marc@CAM.ORG>,
       Doug Siebert <dsiebert@isca.uiowa.edu>,
       Ken Stillson <stillson@tsfsrv.mitre.org>,
       Ian Frechett <frechett@spot.Colorado.EDU>,
       Brian Koehmstedt <bpk@gnu.ai.mit.edu>,
       Don Smith <djs6015@ultb.isc.rit.edu>,
       Frank van der Linden <vdlinden@fwi.uva.nl>,
       Martin Schweikert <schweik@cpp.ob.open.de>,
       David Vrona <dave@sashimi.lcu.com>,
       E. Tye McQueen <tye%spillman.UUCP@uunet.uu.net>,
       Matthew Green <mrg@eterna.com.au>,
       Christopher Williams <cgw@pobox.com>,
       Matt Mosley <mattm@access.digex.net>,
       Gregory Neil Shapiro <gshapiro@wpi.WPI.EDU>,
       Johannes Zellner <johannes@zellner.org>,
       Pablo Averbuj <pablo@averbuj.com>.

AVAILABILITY
       The latest official release of screen available via anonymous ftp  from
       ftp.gnu.org/gnu/screen/  or  any  other GNU distribution site. The home
       page of screen is https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/screen/ and the git
       repo  is  https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/screen.git.  If you want to
       help, send a note to screen-devel@gnu.org.

BUGS
       ·  `dm' (delete mode) and `xs' are  not  handled  correctly  (they  are
          ignored). `xn' is treated as a magic-margin indicator.

       ·  Screen has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters.  But
          this is the only area where vttest is allowed to fail.

       ·  It is not possible to change the environment variable $TERMCAP  when
          reattaching under a different terminal type.

       ·  The  support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding extra
          capabilities to $TERMCAP may not have any effects.

       ·  Screen does not make use of hardware tabs.

       ·  Screen must be installed as set-uid with owner root on most  systems
          in  order to be able to correctly change the owner of the tty device
          file for each window.  Special permission may also  be  required  to
          write the file /etc/utmp.

       ·  Entries  in  /etc/utmp  are  not  removed when screen is killed with
          SIGKILL.  This will cause some programs  (like  "w"  or  "rwho")  to
          advertise that a user is logged on who really isn't.

       ·  Screen may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp entry.

       ·  When the modem line was hung up, screen may not automatically detach
          (or quit) unless the device driver is configured to  send  a  HANGUP
          signal.   To  detach  a screen session use the -D or -d command line
          option.

       ·  If a password is set, the command  line  options  -d  and  -D  still
          detach a session without asking.

       ·  Both  breaktype  and defbreaktype change the break generating method
          used by all terminal devices. The first should change a window  spe‐
          cific  setting,  where the latter should change only the default for
          new windows.

       ·  When attaching to a multiuser session, the user's .screenrc file  is
          not  sourced.  Each  user's personal settings have to be included in
          the .screenrc file from which the session is booted, or have  to  be
          changed manually.

       ·  A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the
          features.

       Send bug-reports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza to
       screen-devel@gnu.org.


SEE ALSO
       termcap(5), utmp(5), vi(1), captoinfo(1), tic(1), tty(4), pty(7)



GNU Screen 4.9.1                  2023 Aug 20                        SCREEN(1)
맨 페이지 내용의 저작권은 맨 페이지 작성자에게 있습니다.
RSS ATOM XHTML 5 CSS3