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pthread_atfork(3c)
pthread_atfork(3C) Standard C Library Functions pthread_atfork(3C)
NAME
pthread_atfork - register fork handlers
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int pthread_atfork(void (*prepare) (void), void (*parent) (void),
void (*child) (void));
DESCRIPTION
The pthread_atfork() function declares fork handlers to be called prior
to and following fork(2), within the thread that called fork(). The or‐
der of calls to pthread_atfork() is significant.
Before fork() processing begins, the prepare fork handler is called.
The prepare handler is not called if its address is NULL.
The parent fork handler is called after fork() processing finishes in
the parent process, and the child fork handler is called after fork()
processing finishes in the child process. If the address of parent or
child is NULL, then its handler is not called.
The prepare fork handler is called in LIFO (last-in first-out) order,
whereas the parent and child fork handlers are called in FIFO (first-in
first-out) order. This calling order allows applications to preserve
locking order.
Any fork() handlers registered by using the pthread_atfork() function
should attempt to minimize the work they do. They should limit them‐
selves to using Async-Signal-Safe functions or thread locking func‐
tions. They should not call library functions, since those libraries
may have registered their own pthread_atfork() handlers to acquire in‐
ternal locks (see the example below), which could in turn lead to dead‐
locks. This includes avoiding the use of any interfaces which may di‐
rectly or indirectly attempt to allocate memory.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, pthread_atfork() returns 0. Otherwise, an
error number is returned.
ERRORS
The pthread_atfork() function will fail if:
ENOMEM Insufficient table space exists to record the fork handler
addresses.
USAGE
Solaris threads do not offer pthread_atfork() functionality (there is
no thr_atfork() interface). However, a Solaris threads application can
call pthread_atfork() to ensure fork()-safety, since the two thread
APIs are interoperable. See fork(2) for information relating to fork()
in a Solaris threads environment in Solaris 10 relative to previous re‐
leases.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Make a library safe with respect to fork().
All multithreaded applications that call fork() in a POSIX threads pro‐
gram and do more than simply call exec(2) in the child of the fork need
to ensure that the child is protected from deadlock.
Since the "fork-one" model results in duplicating only the thread that
called fork(), it is possible that at the time of the call another
thread in the parent owns a lock. This thread is not duplicated in the
child, so no thread will unlock this lock in the child. Deadlock occurs
if the single thread in the child needs this lock.
The problem is more serious with locks in libraries. Since a library
writer does not know if the application using the library calls fork(),
the library must protect itself from such a deadlock scenario. If the
application that links with this library calls fork() and does not call
exec() in the child, and if it needs a library lock that may be held by
some other thread in the parent that is inside the library at the time
of the fork, the application deadlocks inside the library.
The following describes how to make a library safe with respect to
fork() by using pthread_atfork().
1. Identify all locks used by the library (for example
{L1,...Ln}). Identify also the locking order for these locks
(for example {L1...Ln}, as well.)
2. Add a call to pthread_atfork(f1, f2, f3) in the library's
.init section. f1, f2, f3 are defined as follows:
f1()
{
/* ordered in lock order */
pthread_mutex_lock(L1);
pthread_mutex_lock(...);
pthread_mutex_lock(Ln);
}
f2()
{
pthread_mutex_unlock(L1);
pthread_mutex_unlock(...);
pthread_mutex_unlock(Ln);
}
f3()
{
pthread_mutex_unlock(L1);
pthread_mutex_unlock(...);
pthread_mutex_unlock(Ln);
}
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-Safe _ Stan‐
dardSee standards(7).
SEE ALSO
exec(2), fork(2), atexit(3C), attributes(7), standards(7)
Oracle Solaris 11.4 29 Nov 2016 pthread_atfork(3C)