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poll(2)

poll(2)                          System Calls                          poll(2)

NAME
       poll, ppoll - input/output multiplexing

SYNOPSIS
       #include <poll.h>

       int poll(struct pollfd * fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);


       int ppoll(struct pollfd *restrict fds, nfds_t nfds,
           const struct timespec *restrict timeout,
           const sigset_t *restrict sigmask);

DESCRIPTION
       The  poll()  function provides applications with a mechanism for multi‐
       plexing input/output over a set of file descriptors. For each member of
       the array pointed to by fds, poll() examines the given file  descriptor
       for  the  event(s) specified in events. The number of pollfd structures
       in the fds array is specified by nfds. The poll()  function  identifies
       those  file descriptors on which an application can read or write data,
       or on which certain events have occurred.


       The fds argument specifies the file descriptors to be examined and  the
       events  of interest for each file descriptor. It is a pointer to an ar‐
       ray with one member for each open file descriptor of interest. The  ar‐
       ray's  members  are pollfd structures, which contain the following mem‐
       bers:

         int     fd;        /* file descriptor */
         short   events;    /* requested events */
         short   revents;   /* returned events */



       The fd member specifies an open file  descriptor  and  the  events  and
       revents  members  are bitmasks constructed by a logical OR operation of
       any combination of the following event flags:

       POLLIN        Data other than high priority data may  be  read  without
                     blocking.  For  streams, this flag is set in revents even
                     if the message is of zero length.


       POLLRDNORM    Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be read  without
                     blocking.  For  streams, this flag is set in revents even
                     if the message is of zero length.


       POLLRDBAND    Data from a non-zero priority band may  be  read  without
                     blocking.  For  streams, this flag is set in revents even
                     if the message is of zero length.


       POLLPRI       High priority data may be received without blocking.  For
                     streams,  this flag is set in revents even if the message
                     is of zero length.


       POLLOUT       Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be written with‐
                     out blocking.


       POLLWRNORM    The same as POLLOUT.


       POLLWRBAND    Priority data (priority band > 0) may  be  written.  This
                     event  only  examines  bands that have been written to at
                     least once.


       POLLERR       An error has occurred on the device or stream. This  flag
                     is  only  valid in the revents bitmask; it is not used in
                     the events member.


       POLLHUP       A hangup has occurred on the stream. This event and POLL‐
                     OUT  are  mutually  exclusive;  a  stream  can  never  be
                     writable  if  a  hangup has occurred. However, this event
                     and POLLIN, POLLRDNORM, POLLRDBAND, or  POLLPRI  are  not
                     mutually  exclusive.  This  flag  is  only  valid  in the
                     revents bitmask; it is not used in the events member.


       POLLNVAL      The specified fd value does not belong to an  open  file.
                     This  flag is only valid in the revents member; it is not
                     used in the events member.



       If the value fd is less than 0, events is ignored and revents is set to
       0 in that entry on return from poll().


       The results of the poll() query are stored in the revents member in the
       pollfd structure. Bits are set in the revents bitmask to indicate which
       of the requested events are true. If none are true, none of the  speci‐
       fied  bits  are  set in revents when the poll() call returns. The event
       flags POLLHUP, POLLERR, and POLLNVAL are always set in revents  if  the
       conditions  they indicate are true; this occurs even though these flags
       were not present in events.


       If none of the defined events have occurred on any  selected  file  de‐
       scriptor,  poll()  waits  at least timeout milliseconds for an event to
       occur on any of the selected file descriptors. On a computer where mil‐
       lisecond timing accuracy is not available, timeout is rounded up to the
       nearest legal value available on that system. If the value  timeout  is
       0,  poll()  returns  immediately. If the value of timeout is −1, poll()
       blocks until a requested event occurs or until the call is interrupted.
       The poll() function is not affected  by  the  O_NDELAY  and  O_NONBLOCK
       flags.


       The  poll()  function  supports  regular  files,  sockets, terminal and
       pseudo-terminal devices, streams-based files, FIFOs and pipes. The  be‐
       havior  of  poll() on elements of fds that refer to other types of file
       is unspecified.


       A file descriptor for a socket that is listening for  connections  will
       indicate  that it is ready for reading, once connections are available.
       A file descriptor for a socket that is connecting  asynchronously  will
       indicate  that  it is ready for writing, once a connection has been es‐
       tablished.


       Regular files always poll()  TRUE for reading and writing.


       The relationship between poll() and ppoll() is analogous to  the  rela‐
       tionship  between  select(3C)  and pselect(3C): like pselect(), ppoll()
       allows an application to safely wait until either a file descriptor be‐
       comes ready or until a signal is caught.


       Other than the  difference  in  the  timeout  argument,  the  following
       ppoll() call:

         ready = ppoll(&fds, nfds, timeout, &sigmask);



       is equivalent to atomically executing the following calls:

         sigset_t origmask;

         sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, &origmask);
         ready = ppoll(&fds, nfds, timeout);
         sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &origmask, NULL);



       If  sigmask is not a null pointer, then the pselect() function replaces
       the signal mask of the process by the set of signals pointed to by sig‐
       mask before examining the descriptors, and restores the signal mask  of
       the process before returning.


       The  timeout  argument  specifies  an upper limit on the amount of time
       that ppoll() will block. This argument is a pointer to a  structure  of
       the following form:

         struct timespec {
             time_t  tv_sec;         /* seconds */
             long    tv_nsec;        /* nanoseconds */
         };



       If timeout is specified as NULL, ppoll() can block indefinitely.

RETURN VALUES
       Upon  successful  completion, a non-negative value is returned. A posi‐
       tive value indicates the total number of pollfd  structures  that  have
       been  selected  (that  is,  those  for which the revents member is non-
       zero). A value of 0 indicates that the call timed out and no  file  de‐
       scriptors have been selected. Upon failure, −1 is returned and errno is
       set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       The poll() and ppoll() functions will fail if:

       EAGAIN    Allocation  of  internal  data structures failed, but the re‐
                 quest may be attempted again.


       EFAULT    Some argument points to an illegal address.


       EINTR     A signal was caught during the function call.


       EINVAL    The argument nfds is greater than {OPEN_MAX}, or one  of  the
                 fd  members  refers to a stream or multiplexer that is linked
                 (directly or indirectly) downstream from a multiplexer.


       EINVAL    An invalid timeout interval was specified.



       The poll() and ppoll() functions may fail if:

       ENOSYS    One of the fd members is from a  filesystem  type  for  which
                 there is no poll() interface.


ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface  StabilityCommitted  _  MT-LevelAsync-Signal-
       Safe _ StandardSee below.


   Standard
       See standards(7) for descriptions of the following standards:

       tab()  box;  cw(2.2i) |cw(3.3i) lw(2.2i) |lw(3.3i) INTERFACESAPPLICABLE
       STANDARDS _ poll()T{
         POSIX.1-2001 through 2008,
         SUS through SUSv4,
         XPG4v2 through XPG7

       T} _ ppoll()None


SEE ALSO
       getmsg(2), getrlimit(2), Intro(2), putmsg(2),  read(2),  write(2),  se‐
       lect(3C), attributes(7), standards(7), chpoll(9E)


       STREAMS Programming Guide

NOTES
       Non-STREAMS  drivers  use  chpoll(9E)  to implement poll() on these de‐
       vices.

HISTORY
       The ppoll() function was added to Oracle Solaris in Solaris 11.0.0.


       The poll() function has been included in all Sun and Oracle releases of
       Solaris.

Oracle Solaris 11.4               14 May 2025                          poll(2)
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