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ktr(4)

The  facility  allows kernel events to be logged while the kernel
executes so that they can be examined later when debugging.   The
only  mandatory  option  to enable is The option sets the size of
the buffer of events.  The size of the buffer  in  the  currently
running  kernel can be found via the sysctl By default the buffer
contains 1024 entries.  Event levels can be enabled  or  disabled
to  trim  excessive and overly verbose logging.  First, a mask of
events is specified at compile time via the option to limit which
events are actually compiled into the kernel.  The default  value
for  this  option is for all events to be enabled.  Secondly, the
actual events logged while the kernel runs can be further  masked
via  the  run time event mask.  The option sets the default value
of the run time event mask.  The runtime event mask can  also  be
set by the via the environment variable.  It can also be examined
and  set  after  booting via the sysctl.  By default the run time
mask is set to block any tracing.  The definitions of  the  event
mask  bits can be found in Furthermore, there is a CPU event mask
whose default value can be changed via the option.  When  two  or
more  parameters  to are used, it is important they are not sepa‐
rated by whitespace.  A CPU must have the  bit  corresponding  to
its logical id set in this bitmask for events that occur on it to
be logged.  This mask can be set by the via the environment vari‐
able.   It  can  also  be  examined and set after booting via the
sysctl.  By default, only CPUs specified in will log events.  See
for more information.  By default, events are only logged to  the
internal buffer for examination later, but if the verbose flag is
set  then  they  are  dumped to the kernel console as well.  This
flag can also be set from the loader via  the  environment  vari‐
able, or it can be examined and set after booting via the sysctl.
If  the  flag  is set to zero, which is the default, then verbose
output is disabled.  If the flag is set to one, then the contents
of the log message and the CPU number are printed to  the  kernel
console.   If the flag is greater than one, then the filename and
line number of the event are output to the console in addition to
the log message and the CPU number.  The option sets the flag  to
one.  The KTR buffer can be examined from within via the command.
This  command  displays the contents of the trace buffer one page
at a time.  At the prompt, the Enter key displays one more  entry
and  prompts  again.   The  spacebar displays another page of en‐
tries.  Any other key quits.  By default the timestamp, filename,
and line number are not displayed with each log  entry.   If  the
modifier is specified, then they are displayed in addition to the
normal output.  If the modifier is specified, then just the time‐
stamp  is  displayed in addition to the normal output.  Note that
the events are displayed in reverse  chronological  order.   That
is,  the  most recent events are displayed first.  The option can
be used to log entries to disk for post analysis using the  util‐
ity.   This option depends on the option.  Due to the potentially
high volume of trace messages the trace mask should  be  selected
carefully.   This  feature  is  configured  through  a  group  of
sysctls.  displays or sets the file that will log to.  By default
its value is If the file name is changed while is enabled it will
not take effect until the next invocation.   enables  logging  of
entries to disk if it is set to one.  Setting this to 0 will ter‐
minate  logging  to  disk and revert to logging to the normal ktr
ring buffer.  Data is not sent to the ring buffer  while  logging
to  disk.  is the maximum number of entries that will be recorded
to disk, or 0 for infinite.  This is  helpful  for  limiting  the
number  of particularly high frequency entries that are recorded.
determines the number of entries in the write  buffer.   This  is
the buffer that holds entries before they are written to disk and
defaults to the value of the option.  records the number of times
we  failed to write an entry due to overflowing the write buffer.
This may happen if the frequency of the logged messages  outpaces
the  depth of the queue.  records the number of entries that have
currently been written to disk.  The KTR kernel tracing  facility
first appeared in and was imported into

































































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