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kstat2(8)
kstat2(8) System Administration Commands kstat2(8)
NAME
kstat2 - display kernel statistics
SYNOPSIS
kstat2 [[-j | -l | -p | -q] | [-h] [-d]] [-m] [-i N] [-c N] [-T d|u]
[-g glob_uri]... [-r re_uri]... [uri]...
DESCRIPTION
The kstat2 utility examines the available kernel statistics or kstats
on the system and reports those statistics which match the criteria
specified on the command line. Each matching statistic is printed with
its URI and its actual value.
Kernel statistics may be published by various kernel subsystems, such
as drivers or loadable modules. Each kstat is identified by a unique
URI that consists of multiple mandatory and optional path components.
kstat:/<category>/<component>/<name>/<instance>/<subinstance>/...
category
Mandatory category that each kstat belongs to. For example, cpu,
disk, network, and io.
component
Mandatory name of the kernel subsystem that publishes a particular
kstat. For example, nfs, vmem, e1000g, and zfs.
name
Mandatory identifier that names this kstat. For example, arcstats,
ip6stats, and inode_cache.
instance
Optional instance identifier if there are multiple instances of a
kstat.
subinstance(s)
Optional sub-instance identifiers that further identify kstats.
There may be multiple subinstances. For example, TCP connections
and VM partitions.
Kstats may be selected for display by providing a selector URI either
as a plain string for direct comparison with the kstat URI, or as a
shell glob pattern or Perl Compatible Regular expression (PCRE) to
match against the kstat URI. When specifying a selector URI, the URI
scheme is optional. For example, the following two selectors are equiv‐
alent.
/<category>/<component>/<name>
kstat:/<category>/<component>/<name>
Each kstat consists of an array of name-value pairs, each being a sta‐
tistic the kstat is publishing. Specific statistics may be selected for
display by specifying the name of the statistic as a path parameter in
the kstat URI. Note that as semicolon is not a shell-safe character,
colon will also be accepted.
kstat:/<category>/<component>/<name>/<instance>;<statistic>
kstat:/<category>/<component>/<name>/<instance>:<statistic>
When invoked without any operands or options, kstat2 will match all
statistics on the system.
The default output format outputs the raw value along with the scale
and unit. If the scale is 1, it is omitted from the output. A scale
larger than the base unit is expressed as a multiplier. A scale smaller
than the base unit is expressed as a fraction.
<name> <value> [*|/ <scale> ]<units>
Human readable output allows easier human interpretation of the kstat
values. This output is identical to the default readable output format,
except that the statistic values are more human readable. Values are
formatted based on their type and metadata and scaled to an appropriate
SI prefix with a maximum of 2 decimal places, where applicable. This
output is intended for a higher level view of the kstat values as some
loss of precision will occur due to scaling.
Parseable output provides tab separated output, consisting of the kstat
URI, the statistics value, and optionally the metadata.
<URI>[TAB]<value>
<URI>[TAB]<value>[TAB]<metadata>
Kstat values that are an array of integers or strings will be displayed
as a comma separated list. All string values will be surrounded by
quotes, with any quotes or backslashes in the string being backslash
escaped.
<URI>[TAB]<valueA>,<valueB>,<valueC>
<URI>[TAB]<valueA>,<valueB>,<valueC>[TAB]<metadata>
If the kstats are requested multiple times over a time period, each set
of kstats is separated with a blank line.
<URI_A>[TAB]<value>[TAB]<metadata>
<URI_B>[TAB]<value>[TAB]<metadata>
<URI_A>[TAB]<value>[TAB]<metadata>
<URI_B>[TAB]<value>[TAB]<metadata>
The parseable metadata format consists of a semicolon separated list of
fields, with each field's name or value separated by a colon. The flags
field may contain multiple values, therefore is a comma separated list.
The description will be in quotes in the same way that kstat string
values are quoted.
type:<type>;flags:<flag_a>,<flag_b>;scale:<N>;description:<desc>
JSON output provides output consisting of the kstat URI, the statistics
value, and optionally the metadata. All kstats that match the selectors
provided will be output as a single JSON result set, in the following
format. (For readability, this is formatted over multiple lines. The
result set is actually output on a single line.)
{
"<URI_A>": {
"metadata": {
"type": "<metadata_type>",
"flags": "<flag_a>,<flag_b>",
"description": "<desc>"
},
"values": {
"<value_1>": {
"value": <value>,
"flags": "<flag_a>,<flag_b>",
"metadata": {
"type": "<metadata_type>",
"flags": "<flag_a>,<flag_b>",
"scale": <scale>,
"description": "<desc>"
}
},
"<value_2>": {
"value": <value>,
"flags": "<flag_a>,<flag_b>",
"metadata": {
"type": "<metadata_type>",
"flags": "<flag_a>,<flag_b>",
"scale": <scale>,
"description": "<desc>"
}
},
...
}
},
...
}
If the kstats are requested multiple times over a time period, each set
of kstats is prepended with an ASCII record separator character (0x1E)
and line feed (0x1A) and will be terminated by a line feed (0x1A), as
defined in RFC 7464.
OPTIONS
The URIs specified by the following options/operands are logically
ANDed, and all matching kstats will be selected. A regular expression
containing shell metacharacters must be protected from the shell by en‐
closing it with the appropriate quotes.
The following options are supported:
-c N, --count=N
The number of reports to be printed.
-d, --desc
Includes the statistic description in the output.
-g glob_uri, --glob=glob_uri
Displays only kstats where the kstat URI matches the given shell
glob pattern.
-h, --human-readable
Displays output in a human readable format. This differs from the
default output format in that kstat values are scaled and formatted
to make them more human readable.
-i N, --interval=N
The number of seconds between reports.
-j, --json
Displays output in JSON output format.
-l, --list
Lists matching kstat URIs without displaying values.
-m, --metadata
Includes metadata for the kstat or statistic in the displayed out‐
put.
-p, --parseable
Displays output in parseable format.
-q, --quiet
Displays no output, but returns appropriate exit status for matches
against given criteria.
-r re_uri, --regex=re_uri
Displays only kstats where the kstat URI matches the given Perl
Compatible Regular Expression (PCRE).
-T d | u, --timestamp d | u
Displays a time stamp before each statistics block, either in
date(1) format (d) or as an alphanumeric representation of the
value returned by time(2) (u).
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
uri
Displays only kstats where the kstat URI is equal to the specified
URI, or if a pattern is specified, matches the pattern.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 One or more statistics were matched.
1 No statistics were matched.
2 Invalid command line options were specified.
3 A fatal error occurred.
EXAMPLES
In the following examples, all the command lines in a block produce the
same output, as shown. The exact statistics and values will vary from
machine to machine.
Example 1 Displaying a Specific Statistic
example$ kstat2 -p /system/cpu/0/sys:syscall
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 123476655
Example 2 Using Globs and PCREs
example$ kstat2 -p -g kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys\;sys*
example$ kstat2 -p -g /system/cpu/0/sys\:sys*
example$ kstat2 -p -r 'kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys:(^sys[a-z]+)'
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 123032271
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;sysexec 1397
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;sysfork 1087
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;sysread 18300125
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;sysvfork 415
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syswrite 17901110
Example 3 Specifying Multiple URI Selectors
example$ kstat2 -p -g kstat:/system/cpu/*/*:state \
-r '/misc/unix/system_misc/\d+:avenrun_\d+min'
kstat:/system/cpu/0/info;state "on-line"
kstat:/system/cpu/1/info;state "on-line"
kstat:/system/cpu/2/info;state "on-line"
kstat:/system/cpu/3/info;state "on-line"
kstat:/misc/unix/system_misc/0;avenrun_15min 37
kstat:/misc/unix/system_misc/0;avenrun_1min 39
kstat:/misc/unix/system_misc/0;avenrun_5min 34
Example 4 Displaying a kstat and all sub-kstats
example$ kstat2 -p -g kstat:/misc/sd/fm/*
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/0;acc_err 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/0;crtime 1396300378030300
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/0;dma_err 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/0;erpt_dropped 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/0;fm_cache_full 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/0;fm_cache_miss 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/0;snaptime 1729929193573329
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/1;acc_err 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/1;crtime 1396300452673900
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/1;dma_err 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/1;erpt_dropped 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/1;fm_cache_full 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/1;fm_cache_miss 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/1;snaptime 1729929193778581
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/2;acc_err 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/2;crtime 1396300537414196
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/2;dma_err 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/2;erpt_dropped 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/2;fm_cache_full 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/2;fm_cache_miss 0
kstat:/misc/sd/fm/2;snaptime 1729929193897329
Example 5 Displaying Statistics Over a Time Period
example$ kstat2 -p -i1 -c3 kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys:syscall
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 123868937
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 123868992
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 123869051
Example 6 Displaying date Timestamp With Statistics
example$ kstat2 -p -T d -i5 -c2 kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys:syscall
Tuesday, March 10, 2015 04:48:57 PM GMT
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 124200181
Tuesday, March 10, 2015 04:49:02 PM GMT
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 124204228
Example 7 Displaying time Timestamp With Statistics
example$ kstat2 -p -T u -i5 -c2 kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys:syscall
1426006184
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 124305293
1426006189
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys;syscall 124308113
Example 8 Display Readable Statistics
example$ kstat2 kstat:/vm/unix/vminfo:swap_free \
kstat:/vm/unix/vminfo:snaptime
snaptime 2193622143290103 / 1000000000 seconds
swap_free 1262611263678 * 4096 bytes
Example 9 Displaying Readable Statistic Metadata
example$ kstat2 -m kstat:/vm/unix/vminfo:swap_free \
kstat:/vm/unix/vminfo:snaptime
snaptime 2193622143290103 / 1000000000 seconds
type: Relative time
flags: KSTAT2_NVMF_FRACT
scale: 1000000000
description: "kstat snapshot time"
swap_free 1262611263678 * 4096 bytes
type: Byte count
flags: KSTAT2_NVMF_NONE
scale: 4096
description: "Unallocated swap space"
Example 10 Displaying kstat Arrays
example$ kstat2 -p -g /misc/foo/bar:*arr
kstat:/misc/foo/bar;strarr "foo","bar","quo\"te"
kstat:/misc/foo/bar;intarr 0,1,2,3,4,5
Example 11 Displaying Quoted Strings
example$ kstat2 -mp /misc/foo/bar:str
kstat:/misc/foo/bar;str "quote \"me\"" type:KSTAT2_MT_UNK;flags:KSTAT2_MF_NONE;description:
"Shows \"quoted\" value"
Example 12 Display Human Readable Values
example$ kstat2 -h -r "/system/cpu/0/sys:crtime|readch|syscall"
kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys
crtime 2DT14H50M49S from boot
readch 467.16 GiB
syscall 2.97 G
Example 13 Display JSON Values
example$ kstat2 -j -r "/system/cpu/0/sys:crtime|readch|syscall"
{"kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys":{"values":{"crtime":{"value":226249412205913,
"flags":"KSTAT2_NVF_NONE"},"readch":{"value":503096314603,
"flags":"KSTAT2_NVF_NONE"},"syscall":{"value":2996723957,
"flags":"KSTAT2_NVF_NONE"}}}}
Example 14 Display JSON Over a Time Period
example$ kstat2 -Tu -j -c2 "/system/cpu/0/sys:syscall"
<0x1E>
{"kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys":{"values":{"syscall":{"value":1509153472,
"flags":"KSTAT2_NVF_NONE"}}},"timestamp_u":1439887046}
<0x1E>
{"kstat:/system/cpu/0/sys":{"values":{"syscall":{"value":1509153472,
"flags":"KSTAT2_NVF_NONE"}}},"timestamp_u":1439887047}
FILES
/dev/kstat
kernel statistics driver
/usr/share/kstats/schema.json
kstat JSON schema
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitysystem/core-os
SEE ALSO
date(1), sh(1), time(2), gmatch(3GEN), kstat2(3KSTAT2), kstat(4D), at‐
tributes(7), kstat2(9S)
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Text Sequences, Williams, N., RFC
7464, DOI 10.17487/RFC7464, February 2015.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7464
JSON Schema: core definitions and terminology, Francis Galiegue, Kris
Zyp and Gary Court, January 2013. Internet Draft.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-zyp-json-schema-04
JSON Schema project home page
https://json-schema.org/
NOTES
If the pattern argument contains glob or Perl RE metacharacters which
are also shell metacharacters, it will be necessary to enclose the pat‐
tern with appropriate shell quotes.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 23 Jun 2025 kstat2(8)