svcadm(8)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 8 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
grn(1)
grn(1) General Commands Manual grn(1)
Name
grn - embed Gremlin images in groff documents
Synopsis
grn [-C] [-T dev] [-M dir] [-F dir] [file ...]
grn -?
grn --help
grn -v
grn --version
Description
grn is a preprocessor for including gremlin pictures in troff(1) input.
grn writes to standard output, processing only input lines between two
that start with .GS and .GE. Those lines must contain grn commands
(see below). These macros request a gremlin file; the picture in that
file is converted and placed in the troff input stream. .GS may be
called with a C, L, or R argument to center, left-, or right-justify
the whole gremlin picture (the default is to center). If no file is
mentioned, the standard input is read. At the end of the picture, the
position on the page is the bottom of the gremlin picture. If the grn
entry is ended with .GF instead of .GE, the position is left at the top
of the picture.
Currently only the me macro package has support for .GS, .GE, and .GF.
grn produces drawing escape sequences that use groff's color scheme ex‐
tension (\D'F ...'), and thus may not work with other troffs.
grn commands
Each input line between .GS and .GE may have one grn command. Commands
consist of one or two strings separated by white space, the first
string being the command and the second its operand. Commands may be
upper- or lowercase and abbreviated down to one character.
Commands that affect a picture's environment (those listed before
“default”, see below) are only in effect for the current picture: the
environment is reinitialized to the defaults at the start of the next
picture. The commands are as follows.
1 N
2 N
3 N
4 N Set gremlin's text size number 1 (2, 3, or 4) to N points. The
default is 12 (16, 24, and 36, respectively).
roman f
italics f
bold f
special f
Set the roman (italics, bold, or special) font to troff's font f
(either a name or number). The default is R (I, B, and S, re‐
spectively).
l f
stipple f
Set the stipple font to troff's stipple font f (name or number).
The command stipple may be abbreviated down as far as “st” (to
avoid confusion with “special”). There is no default for stip‐
ples (unless one is set by the “default” command), and it is in‐
valid to include a gremlin picture with polygons without speci‐
fying a stipple font.
x N
scale N
Magnify the picture (in addition to any default magnification)
by N, a floating-point number larger than zero. The command
scale may be abbreviated down to “sc”.
narrow N
medium N
thick N
Set the thickness of gremlin's narrow (medium and thick, respec‐
tively) lines to N times 0.15pt (this value can be changed at
compile time). The default is 1.0 (3.0 and 5.0, respectively),
which corresponds to 0.15pt (0.45pt and 0.75pt, respectively).
A thickness value of zero selects the smallest available line
thickness. Negative values cause the line thickness to be pro‐
portional to the current point size.
pointscale [off|on]
Scale text to match the picture. Gremlin text is usually
printed in the point size specified with the commands 1, 2, 3,
or 4, regardless of any scaling factors in the picture. Setting
pointscale will cause the point sizes to scale with the picture
(within troff's limitations, of course). An operand of anything
but off will turn text scaling on.
default
Reset the picture environment defaults to the settings in the
current picture. This is meant to be used as a global parameter
setting mechanism at the beginning of the troff input file, but
can be used at any time to reset the default settings.
width N
Force the picture to be N inches wide. This overrides any scal‐
ing factors present in the same picture. “width 0” is ignored.
height N
Force the picture to be N inches high, overriding other scaling
factors. If both width and height are specified, the tighter
constraint will determine the scale of the picture. height and
width commands are not saved with a “default” command. They
will, however, affect point size scaling if that option is set.
file name
Get picture from gremlin file name located the current directory
(or in the library directory; see the -M option above). If mul‐
tiple file commands are given, the last one controls. If name
doesn't exist, an error message is reported and processing con‐
tinues from the .GE line.
Usage with groff
Since grn is a preprocessor, it has no access to elements of formatter
state, such as indentation, line length, type size, or register values.
Consequently, no troff input can be placed between the .GS and .GE
macros. However, gremlin text elements are subsequently processed by
troff, so anything valid in a single line of troff input is valid in a
line of gremlin text (barring the dot control character “.” at the be‐
ginning of a line). Thus, it is possible to have equations within a
gremlin figure by including in the gremlin file eqn expressions en‐
closed by previously defined delimiters (e.g., “$$”).
When using grn along with other preprocessors, it is best to run
gtbl(1) before grn, pic(1), and/or ideal to avoid overworking gtbl.
eqn(1) should always be run last. groff(1) will automatically run pre‐
processors in the correct order.
A picture is considered an entity, but that doesn't stop troff from
trying to break it up if it falls off the end of a page. Placing the
picture between “keeps” in the me macros will ensure proper placement.
grn uses troff's registers g1 through g9 and sets registers g1 and g2
to the width and height of the gremlin figure (in device units) before
entering the .GS macro (this is for those who want to rewrite these
macros).
Gremlin file format
There exist two distinct gremlin file formats: the original format for
AED graphic terminals, and the Sun or X11 version. An extension used
by the Sun/X11 version allowing reference points with negative coordi‐
nates is not compatible with the AED version. As long as a gremlin
file does not contain negative coordinates, either format will be read
correctly by either version of gremlin or grn. The other difference in
Sun/X11 format is the use of names for picture objects (e.g., POLYGON,
CURVE) instead of numbers. Files representing the same picture are
shown below.
center, tab(@); l lw(0.1i) l. sungremlinfile@@gremlinfile 0 240.00
128.00@@0 240.00 128.00 CENTCENT@@2 240.00 128.00@@240.00 128.00 185.00
120.00@@185.00 120.00 240.00 120.00@@240.00 120.00 296.00
120.00@@296.00 120.00 *@@-1.00 -1.00 2 3@@2 3 10 A Triangle@@10 A Tri‐
angle POLYGON@@6 224.00 416.00@@224.00 416.00 96.00 160.00@@96.00
160.00 384.00 160.00@@384.00 160.00 *@@-1.00 -1.00 5 1@@5 1 0@@0 -1@@-1
• The first line of each gremlin file contains either the string “grem‐
linfile” (AED) or “sungremlinfile” (Sun/X11).
• The second line of the file contains an orientation and x and y val‐
ues for a positioning point, separated by spaces. The orientation,
either 0 or 1, is ignored by the Sun/X11 version. 0 means that grem‐
lin will display things in horizontal format (a drawing area wider
than it is tall, with a menu across the top). 1 means that gremlin
will display things in vertical format (a drawing area taller than it
is wide, with a menu on the left side). x and y are floating-point
values giving a positioning point to be used when this file is read
into another file. The stuff on this line really isn't all that im‐
portant; a value of “1 0.00 0.00” is suggested.
• The rest of the file consists of zero or more element specifications.
After the last element specification is a line containing the string
“-1”.
• Lines longer than 127 characters are truncated to that length.
Element specifications
• The first line of each element contains a single decimal number giv‐
ing the type of the element (AED) or its name (Sun/X11).
center, tab(@); css ccc nBlBl. gremlin File Format: Object Type
Specification _ AED Number@Sun/X11 Name@Description 0@BOTLEFT@bottom-
left-justified text 1@BOTRIGHT@bottom-right-justified text 2@CENT‐
CENT@center-justified text 3@VECTOR@vector 4@ARC@arc 5@CURVE@curve
6@POLYGON@polygon 7@BSPLINE@b-spline 8@BEZIER@Bézier 10@TOPLEFT@top-
left-justified text 11@TOPCENT@top-center-justified text
12@TOPRIGHT@top-right-justified text 13@CENTLEFT@left-center-justi‐
fied text 14@CENTRIGHT@right-center-justified text 15@BOTCENT@bottom-
center-justified text
• After the object type comes a variable number of lines, each specify‐
ing a point used to display the element. Each line contains an x-co‐
ordinate and a y-coordinate in floating-point format, separated by
spaces. The list of points is terminated by a line containing the
string “-1.0 -1.0” (AED) or a single asterisk, “*” (Sun/X11).
• After the points comes a line containing two decimal values, giving
the brush and size for the element. The brush determines the style
in which things are drawn. For vectors, arcs, and curves there are
six valid brush values.
center, tab(@); nB l. 1@thin dotted lines 2@thin dot-dashed lines
3@thick solid lines 4@thin dashed lines 5@thin solid lines 6@medium
solid lines
For polygons, one more value, 0, is valid. It specifies a polygon
with an invisible border. For text, the brush selects a font as fol‐
lows.
center, tab(@); nB l. 1@roman (R font in troff) 2@italics (I font in
troff) 3@bold (B font in troff) 4@special (S font in troff)
If you're using grn to run your pictures through groff, the font is
really just a starting font. The text string can contain formatting
sequences like “\fI” or “\d” which may change the font (as well as do
many other things). For text, the size field is a decimal value be‐
tween 1 and 4. It selects the size of the font in which the text
will be drawn. For polygons, this size field is interpreted as a
stipple number to fill the polygon with. The number is used to index
into a stipple font at print time.
• The last line of each element contains a decimal number and a string
of characters, separated by a single space. The number is a count of
the number of characters in the string. This information is used
only for text elements, and contains the text string. There can be
spaces inside the text. For arcs, curves, and vectors, the character
count is zero (0), followed by exactly one space before the newline.
Coordinates
gremlin was designed for AED terminals, and its coordinates reflect the
AED coordinate space. For vertical pictures, x values range 116 to
511, and y values from 0 to 483. For horizontal pictures, x values
range from 0 to 511, and y values from 0 to 367. Although you needn't
absolutely stick to this range, you'll get better results if you at
least stay in this vicinity. Also, point lists are terminated by a
point of (-1, -1), so you shouldn't ever use negative coordinates.
gremlin writes out coordinates using the printf(3) format “%f1.2”; it's
probably a good idea to use the same format if you want to modify the
grn code.
Sun/X11 coordinates
There is no restriction on the range of coordinates used to create ob‐
jects in the Sun/X11 version of gremlin. However, files with negative
coordinates will cause problems if displayed on the AED.
Options
-? and --help display a usage message, while -v and --version show ver‐
sion information; all exit afterward.
-C Recognize .GS and .GE (and .GF) even when followed by a charac‐
ter other than space or newline.
-F dir Search dir for subdirectories devname (name is the name of the
output driver) for the DESC file before the default font direc‐
tories /usr/share/groff/site-font, /usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font,
and /usr/lib/font.
-M dir Prepend dir to the search path for gremlin files. The default
search path is the current directory, the home directory,
/usr/lib/groff/site-tmac, /usr/share/groff/site-tmac, and
/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/tmac, in that order.
-T dev Prepare device output using output driver dev. The default is
ps. See groff(1) for a list of valid devices.
Files
/usr/share/groff/1.23.0/font/devname/DESC
describes the output device name.
Authors
David Slattengren and Barry Roitblat wrote the original Berkeley grn.
Daniel Senderowicz and Werner Lemberg modified it for groff.
See also
gremlin(1), groff(1), pic(1), ideal(1)
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
box; cbp-1 | cbp-1 l | l . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE = Availabil‐
ity text/groff = Stability Uncommitted
NOTES
Source code for open source software components in Oracle Solaris can
be found at https://www.oracle.com/downloads/opensource/solaris-source-
code-downloads.html.
This software was built from source available at:
https://github.com/oracle/solaris-userland
The original community source was downloaded from:
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/groff/groff-1.23.0.tar.gz
Further information about this software can be found on the open source
community website at https://www.gnu.org/software/groff.
groff 1.23.0 1 December 2025 grn(1)