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ef_expand_file(3tecla)
ef...e(3TECLA) Interactive Command-line Input Library Functions ef...e(3TECLA)
NAME
ef_expand_file, del_ExpandFile, ef_last_error, ef_list_expansions,
new_ExpandFile - expand filename and wildcard expressions
SYNOPSIS
cc [ flag... ] file... -ltecla [ library... ]
#include <libtecla.h>
ExpandFile *ef_expand_file(void);
ExpandFile *del_ExpandFile(ExpandFile *ef);
FileExpansion *ef_last_error(ExpandFile *ef, const char *path,
int pathlen);
int ef_list_expansions(FileExpansion *result, FILE *fp, int term_width);
const char *new_ExpandFile(ExpandFile *ef);
DESCRIPTION
The ef_expand_file() function is part of the libtecla(3LIB) library. It
expands a specified filename, converting ~user/ and ~/ expressions at
the start of the filename to the corresponding home directories, re‐
placing $envvar with the value of the corresponding environment vari‐
able, and then, if there are any wildcards, matching these against ex‐
isting filenames. Backslashes in the input filename are interpreted as
escaping any special meanings of the characters that follow them. Only
backslashes that are themselves preceded by backslashes are preserved
in the expanded filename.
In the presence of wildcards, the returned list of filenames includes
only the names of existing files which match the wildcards. Otherwise,
the original filename is returned after expansion of tilde and dollar
expressions, and the result is not checked against existing files. This
mimics the file-globbing behavior of the UNIX tcsh shell.
The supported wildcards and their meanings are:
* Match any sequence of zero or more characters.
? Match any single character.
[chars] Match any single character that appears in chars. If chars
contains an expression of the form a-b, then any character
between a and b, including a and b, matches. The '-' char‐
acter loses its special meaning as a range specifier when
it appears at the start of the sequence of characters. The
']' character also loses its significance as the terminator
of the range expression if it appears immediately after the
opening '[', at which point it is treated one of the char‐
acters of the range. If you want both '-' and ']' to be
part of the range, the '-' should come first and the ']'
second.
[^chars] The same as [chars] except that it matches any single char‐
acter that does not appear in chars.
Note that wildcards never match the initial dot in filenames that start
with '.'. The initial '.' must be explicitly specified in the filename.
This again mimics the globbing behavior of most UNIX shells, and its
rational is based in the fact that in UNIX, files with names that start
with '.' are usually hidden configuration files, which are not listed
by default by the ls(1) command.
The new_ExpandFile() function creates the resources used by the ef_ex‐
pand_file() function. In particular, it maintains the memory that is
used to record the array of matching file names that is returned by
ef_expand_file(). This array is expanded as needed, so there is no
builtin limit to the number of files that can be matched.
The del_ExpandFile() function deletes the resources that were returned
by a previous call to new_ExpandFile(). It always returns NULL (that
is, a deleted object). It does nothing if the ef argument is NULL.
The ef_expand_file() function performs filename expansion. Its first
argument is a resource object returned by new_ExpandFile(). A pointer
to the start of the filename to be matched is passed by the path argu‐
ment. This must be a normal null-terminated string, but unless a length
of -1 is passed in pathlen, only the first pathlen characters will be
used in the filename expansion. If the length is specified as -1, the
whole of the string will be expanded. A container of the following type
is returned by ef_expand_file().
typedef struct {
int exists; /* True if the files in files[] exist */
int nfile; /* The number of files in files[] */
char **files; /* An array of 'nfile' filenames. */
} FileExpansion;
The ef_expand_file() function returns a pointer to a container whose
contents are the results of the expansion. If there were no wildcards
in the filename, the nfile member will be 1, and the exists member
should be queried if it is important to know if the expanded file cur‐
rently exists. If there were wild cards, then the contained files[] ar‐
ray will contain the names of the nfile existing files that matched the
wild-carded filename, and the exists member will have the value 1. Note
that the returned container belongs to the specified ef object, and its
contents will change on each call, so if you need to retain the results
of more than one call to ef_expand_file(), you should either make a
private copy of the returned results, or create multiple file-expansion
resource objects with multiple calls to new_ExpandFile().
On error, NULL is returned, and an explanation of the error can be de‐
termined by calling ef_last_error(ef).
The ef_last_error() function returns the message which describes the
error that occurred on the last call to ef_expand_file(), for the given
(ExpandFile *ef) resource object.
The ef_list_expansions() function provides a convenient way to list the
filename expansions returned by ef_expand_file(). Like the ls utility,
it arranges the filenames into equal width columns, each column having
the width of the largest file. The number of columns used is thus de‐
termined by the length of the longest filename, and the specified ter‐
minal width. Beware that filenames that are longer than the specified
terminal width are printed without being truncated, so output longer
than the specified terminal width can occur. The list is written to the
stdio stream specified by the fp argument.
Thread Safety
It is safe to use the facilities of this module in multiple threads,
provided that each thread uses a separately allocated ExpandFile ob‐
ject. In other words, if two threads want to do file expansion, they
should each call new_ExpandFile() to allocate their own file-expansion
objects.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Use of file expansion function.
The following is a complete example of how to use the file expansion
function.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <libtecla.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
ExpandFile *ef; /* The expansion resource object */
char *filename; /* The filename being expanded */
FileExpansion *expn; /* The results of the expansion */
int i;
ef = new_ExpandFile();
if(!ef)
return 1;
for(arg = *(argv++); arg; arg = *(argv++)) {
if((expn = ef_expand_file(ef, arg, -1)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error expanding %s (%s).\n", arg,
ef_last_error(ef));
} else {
printf("%s matches the following files:\n", arg);
for(i=0; i<expn->nfile; i++)
printf(" %s\n", expn->files[i]);
}
}
ef = del_ExpandFile(ef);
return 0;
}
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE
TYPEATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitylibrary/libtecla _ Interface Sta‐
bilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-Safe
SEE ALSO
cpl_complete_word(3TECLA), gl_get_line(3TECLA), libtecla(3LIB),
pca_lookup_file(3TECLA), attributes(7)
Solaris 11.4 17 Aug 2017 ef...e(3TECLA)