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cpustat(8)
cpustat(8) System Administration Commands cpustat(8)
NAME
cpustat - monitor system behavior using CPU performance counters
SYNOPSIS
cpustat -c eventspec [-c eventspec]... [-p period] [-T u | d ]
[-Dmnst] [-A cor|soc|bins] [-k keys] [-o limit]
[-I statfile] [-O statfile] [interval [count]]
cpustat -h
DESCRIPTION
The cpustat utility allows CPU performance counters to be used to moni‐
tor the overall behavior of the CPUs in the system.
If interval is specified, cpustat samples activity every interval sec‐
onds, repeating forever. If a count is specified, the statistics are
repeated count times. If neither are specified, an interval of five
seconds is used, and there is no limit to the number of samples that
are taken.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-A cor
Aggregate output by core ID. Data rows having the same core ID are
aggregated into one row. The columns are replaced with subtotals,
by default. The -m option prints column averages, instead.
-A soc
Aggregate output by socket ID. Data rows having the same socket ID
are aggregated into one row. The columns are replaced with subto‐
tals, by default. The -m option prints column averages, instead.
-A bins
Aggregate the rows into a lesser number of bins within each sam‐
pling period, grouping them in the order in which they appear, and
print the columnar subtotal over rows for each bin. The -m option
may be used in order to compute the arithmetic mean instead of the
subtotal. The -k sorting option may be used to change the row order
prior to the binning step. The sze column prints the number of CPUs
in each bin. The BIN column replaces the CPU column and prints the
ordinal of each bin.
-c eventspec
Specifies a set of events for the CPU performance counters to moni‐
tor. The syntax of these event specifications is:
[picn=]eventn[,attr[n][=val]][,[picn=]eventn
[,attr[n][=val]],...,]
where picn is the nth Performance Instrumentation Counter register,
specified as pic0, pic1, and so on. The number of registers is ma‐
chine-specific. For more information, see the CPU manufacturer's
documentation.
You can use the -h option to obtain a list of available events and
attributes. This causes generation of the usage message. You can
omit an explicit counter assignment, in which case cpustat attempts
to choose a capable counter automatically.
Attribute values can be expressed in hexadecimal, octal, or decimal
notation, in a format suitable for strtoll(3C). An attribute
present in the event specification without an explicit value re‐
ceives a default value of 1. An attribute without a corresponding
counter number is applied to all counters in the specification.
The semantics of these event specifications can be determined by
reading the CPU manufacturer's documentation for the events.
Multiple -c options can be specified, in which case the command cy‐
cles between the different event settings on each sample.
-D
Enables debug mode.
-h
Prints an extensive help message on how to use the utility and how
to program the processor-dependent counters.
-I statfile
Replay data previously saved in statfile. Create data files for re‐
play by specifying -O. This option is especially useful for analyz‐
ing statistics on machines with large numbers of CPUs. The file may
be reprocessed multiple times using different sorting and aggrega‐
tion options.
The -I option is incompatible with an interval and count specifica‐
tion.
Read from the standard input if the file name is - (hyphen).
-k key1,...
Sort rows within each sampling period from highest to lowest by
key1, then key2, and so on. Each key is a comma-separated list of
events. There may be multiple -k options specified.
When cpustat is run with multiple -c event-spec options it pro‐
duces a report of alternating event-specs. Specify multiple -k op‐
tions to sort each event-spec differently. For each event-spec, the
first -k option whose keys contain a proper subset of the events in
the event-spec is used.
-m
Print the arithmetic mean value rather than the sum when the -A op‐
tion is used to aggregate over multiple cores, sockets, or bins.
-n
Omits all header output (useful if cpustat is the beginning of a
pipeline).
-o num
Print only the first num rows within each sampling period, after
applying sorting and aggregation options.
-O statfile
Save all data to statfile. This data may be replayed at a later
time using -I.
Write to the standard output if the file name is - (hyphen).
The purpose of -O is to capture all available data. It is incompat‐
ible with the data reduction options: -A, -k, -m and -o.
-p period
Causes cpustat to cycle through the list of eventspecs every period
seconds. The tool sleeps after each cycle until period seconds have
elapsed since the first eventspec was measured.
When this option is present, the optional count parameter specifies
the number of total cycles to make (instead of the number of total
samples to take). If period is less than the number of eventspecs
times interval, the tool acts as it period is 0.
-s
Creates an idle soaker thread to spin while system-only eventspecs
are bound. One idle soaker thread is bound to each CPU in the cur‐
rent processor set. System-only eventspecs contain both the nouser
and the sys tokens and measure events that occur while the CPU is
operating in privileged mode. This option prevents the kernel's
idle loop from running and triggering system-mode events.
-T u | d
Display a time stamp.
Specify u for a printed representation of the internal representa‐
tion of time. See time(2). Specify d for standard date format. See
date(1).
-t
Prints an additional column of processor cycle counts, if available
on the current architecture.
USAGE
A closely related utility, cputrack(1), can be used to monitor the be‐
havior of individual applications with little or no interference from
other activities on the system.
The cpustat utility must be run with privileges including
{PRIV_CPC_CPU} and {PRIV_SYS_RESOURCE}, as there is an intrinsic con‐
flict between the use of the CPU performance counters system-wide by
cpustat and the use of the CPU performance counters to monitor an indi‐
vidual process (for example, by cputrack.) The System Observability
profile includes the necessary privileges to run cpustat.
Once any instance of this utility has started, no further per-process
or per-LWP use of the counters is allowed until the last instance of
the utility terminates.
The times printed by the command correspond to the wallclock time when
the hardware counters were actually sampled, instead of when the pro‐
gram told the kernel to sample them. The time is derived from the same
timebase as gethrtime(3C).
The processor cycle counts enabled by the -t option always apply to
both user and system modes, regardless of the settings applied to the
performance counter registers.
On some hardware platforms running in system mode using the "sys" to‐
ken, the counters are implemented using 32-bit registers. While the
kernel attempts to catch all overflows to synthesize 64-bit counters,
because of hardware implementation restrictions, overflows can be lost
unless the sampling interval is kept short enough. The events most
prone to wrap are those that count processor clock cycles. If such an
event is of interest, sampling should occur frequently so that less
than 4 billion clock cycles can occur between samples.
The output of cpustat is designed to be readily parsable by awk(1) and
perl(1), thereby allowing performance tools to be composed by embedding
cpustat in scripts. Alternatively, tools can be constructed directly
using the same APIs that cpustat is built upon using the facilities of
libcpc(3LIB). See cpc(3CPC).
The cpustat utility only monitors the CPUs that are accessible to it in
the current processor set. Thus, several instances of the utility can
be running on the CPUs in different processor sets. See psrset(8) for
more information about processor sets.
Because cpustat uses LWPs bound to CPUs, the utility might have to be
terminated before the configuration of the relevant processor can be
changed.
EXAMPLES
SPARC
Example 1 Measuring External Cache References and Misses
The following example measures misses and references in the external
cache. These occur while the processor is operating in user mode on an
UltraSPARC machine.
example% cpustat -c EC_ref,EC_misses 1 3
time cpu event pic0 pic1
1.008 0 tick 69284 1647
1.008 1 tick 43284 1175
2.008 0 tick 179576 1834
2.008 1 tick 202022 12046
3.008 0 tick 93262 384
3.008 1 tick 63649 1118
3.008 2 total 651077 18204
x86
Example 2 Measuring Branch Prediction Success on Pentium 4
The following example measures branch mispredictions and total branch
instructions in user and system mode on a Pentium 4 machine.
example% cpustat -c \
pic12=branch_retired,emask12=0x4,pic14=branch_retired,\
emask14=0xf,sys 1 3
time cpu event pic12 pic14
1.010 1 tick 458 684
1.010 0 tick 305 511
2.010 0 tick 181 269
2.010 1 tick 469 684
3.010 0 tick 182 269
3.010 1 tick 468 684
3.010 2 total 2063 3101
Example 3 Counting Memory Accesses on Opteron
The following example determines the number of memory accesses made
through each memory controller on an Opteron, broken down by internal
memory latency:
cpustat -c \
pic0=NB_mem_ctrlr_page_access,umask0=0x01, \
pic1=NB_mem_ctrlr_page_access,umask1=0x02, \
pic2=NB_mem_ctrlr_page_access,umask2=0x04,sys \
1
time cpu event pic0 pic1 pic2
1.003 0 tick 41976 53519 7720
1.003 1 tick 5589 19402 731
2.003 1 tick 6011 17005 658
2.003 0 tick 43944 45473 7338
3.003 1 tick 7105 20177 762
3.003 0 tick 47045 48025 7119
4.003 0 tick 43224 46296 6694
4.003 1 tick 5366 19114 652
Example 4 Displaying Multiple CPUs with a Filter
The following command displays the three CPUs with the highest
DTLB_miss rate.
example% cpustat -c DTLB_miss -k DTLB_miss -n 3 1 1
time cpu event DTLB_miss
1.040 115 tick 107
1.006 18 tick 98
1.045 126 tick 31
1.046 96 total 236
event DTLB_miss
total 236
Example 5 Aggregating Multiple CPUs into Quartiles by a Filter
The following command aggregates 256 CPUs into quartiles by DTLB miss
rate.
example% cpustat -c DTLB_miss -b 4 -k DTLB_miss -m 1 1
time bin event DTLB_miss sze
1.032 0 tick 46 24
1.021 1 tick 3 24
1.007 2 tick 2 24
1.022 3 tick 0 24
1.045 4 total 51 24
event DTLB_miss
total 51
Example 6 Sorting Multiple Events
The following sequence of commands sorts multiple events.
example% cpustat -O /tmp/OUT -c ITLB_miss,DTLB_miss -c PAPI_tot_ins 1 2
example% cpustat -I /tmp/OUT -b 4 -k ITLB_miss -k PAPI_tot_ins
time bin event ITLB_miss DTLB_miss sze
1.020 0 tick 129 673 24
1.009 1 tick 0 61 24
1.005 2 tick 0 79 24
1.039 3 tick 0 64 24
1.082 4 total 129 877 24
time bin event PAPI_tot_ins sze
2.073 0 tick 51947 24
2.020 1 tick 14976 24
2.076 2 tick 14976 24
2.004 3 tick 14976 24
2.082 4 total 96875 24
event ITLB_miss DTLB_miss PAPI_tot_ins
total 129 877 96875
WARNINGS
By running the cpustat command, the user forcibly invalidates all ex‐
isting performance counter context. This can in turn cause all invoca‐
tions of the cputrack command, and other users of performance counter
context, to exit prematurely with unspecified errors.
If cpustat is invoked on a system that has CPU performance counters
which are not supported by Solaris, the following message appears:
cpustat: cannot access performance counters - Operation not applicable
This error message implies that cpc_open() has failed and is documented
in cpc_open(3CPC). Review this documentation for more information about
the problem and possible solutions.
If a short interval is requested, cpustat might not be able to keep up
with the desired sample rate. In this case, some samples might be
dropped.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Availabilitydiagnostic/cpu-counters _ Interface Stabil‐
ityCommitted
SEE ALSO
cputrack(1), awk(1), perl(1), cpc(3CPC), cpc_bind_cpu(3CPC),
cpc_open(3CPC), gethrtime(3C), strtoll(3C), libcpc(3LIB), attrib‐
utes(7), privileges(7), iostat(8), prstat(8), psrset(8), vmstat(8)
NOTES
When cpustat is run on a Pentium 4 with HyperThreading enabled, a CPC
set is bound to only one logical CPU of each physical CPU. For more in‐
formation, see the cpc_bind_cpu(3CPC) man page.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 3 Nov 2021 cpustat(8)