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cconv_open(3c)
cconv_open(3C) Standard C Library Functions cconv_open(3C)
NAME
cconv_open - character sequence based code conversion allocation func‐
tion
SYNOPSIS
#include <iconv.h>
cconv_t cconv_open(const char *tocode, int variant_tocode,
const char *fromcode, int variant_fromcode, int flag);
DESCRIPTION
The cconv_open() function returns a character sequence based code con‐
version descriptor that describes a conversion from the codeset speci‐
fied by the string pointed to by the fromcode argument to the codeset
specified by the string pointed to by the tocode argument.
A non-zero value at the variant_tocode argument indicates a variation
of the codeset specified by the tocode argument. A non-zero value at
the variant_fromcode argument indicates a variation of the codeset
specified by the fromcode argument. For the supported variations and
the corresponding variant values, refer to alias(5) file and the sec‐
tion 5 man pages shown in the SEE ALSO section. The flag argument indi‐
cates the possible conversion behavior modifications constructed by a
bitwise-inclusive-OR of the following values:
CCONV_CANONICAL_NAMES
By default, the cconv_open() function normalizes supplied tocode
and fromcode names and searches corresponding canonical names and
variant values to support aliases as described in alias(5). If this
flag value is specified, the function assumes that the names sup‐
plied are already canonical names and will not go through the nor‐
malization and search process.
If this flag value is not specified, and thus during the normaliza‐
tion and search process, a canonical name and a variant value are
found and the variant value from the corresponding variant input
argument (the variant_tocode or the variant_fromcode) is not 0, the
found canonical name and the variant value from the corresponding
input argument are used to locate the code conversion. However, if
the variant value from the corresponding input argument is 0, the
found variant value is used instead.
CCONV_CONV_ILLEGAL_DISCARD
When specified, during subsequent cconv(3C) code conversion, a se‐
quence of illegal input bytes that does not form a valid character
in the codeset specified by the fromcode argument is silently dis‐
carded as if there are no such illegal bytes in the input buffer
and the conversion continues.
CCONV_CONV_ILLEGAL_REPLACE_HEX
For any illegal input bytes, the cconv(3C) code conversion converts
each of such bytes into a hexadecimal number with a specific lead‐
ing four-letter designator sequence as if the value is a valid in‐
put byte and the conversion continues. More specifically, each of
such hexadecimal numbers has a leading four-letter designator se‐
quence of "IL--" followed by two hexadecimal digits in uppercase.
For example, IL--01 for 1, IL--0A for 10, IL--0B for 11, IL--EF for
239, and so on.
CCONV_CONV_ILLEGAL_RESTORE_HEX
When specified, the cconv(3C) code conversion simply converts back
the above mentioned hexadecimal numbers for illegal input bytes
into corresponding byte values regardless of the codeset specified
by the tocode argument. For example, IL--0A will be converted back
into a byte with 10 as the value and IL--FF into 255.
If the characters following the leading four-letter designator se‐
quence do not form a valid hexadecimal number, such a sequence will
not be treated as a hexadecimal number for illegal input bytes.
CCONV_CONV_NON_IDENTICAL_DISCARD
During subsequent cconv(3C) code conversion, if the conversion en‐
counters a character in the input buffer in the codeset specified
by the fromcode argument that is legal but for which an identical
character does not exist in the target codeset specified by the
tocode argument, i.e., non-identical characters, the conversion
discards such characters in the output buffer instead of doing an
implementation-defined conversion.
The number of such conversions are, nonetheless, still counted and
returned as the return value of cconv(3C).
CCONV_CONV_NON_IDENTICAL_REPLACE_HEX
For non-identical characters, the cconv(3C) code conversion con‐
verts each byte of such characters into a hexadecimal number with a
specific leading four-letter designator sequence. More specifi‐
cally, each of such hexadecimal numbers has a leading four-letter
designator sequence of NI-- followed by two hexadecimal digits in
uppercase. For example, NI--02 for 2, NI--0C for 12, NI--EF for
239, and so on.
The number of such non-identical characters is counted and returned
as the return value of cconv(3C).
CCONV_CONV_NON_IDENTICAL_RESTORE_HEX
When specified, the cconv(3C) code conversion converts back the
above mentioned non-identical hexadecimal numbers into correspond‐
ing byte values regardless of the codeset specified by the tocode
argument. For instance, NI--0B will be converted back into a byte
with 11 as the value and NI--FF into 255.
If the characters following the leading four-letter designator se‐
quence do not form a valid hexadecimal number, such a sequence will
not be treated as a non-identical hexadecimal number.
CCONV_CONV_NON_IDENTICAL_TRANSLITERATE
For non-identical characters, if applicable, the cconv(3C) code
conversion transliterates each of such characters into one or more
characters of the target codeset best resembling the input charac‐
ter.
The number of such non-identical characters is counted and returned
as the return value of cconv(3C).
When conflicting values are specified together, the values for discard‐
ing and then replacing into hexadecimal numbers will supersede other
values specified.
For state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor will be in a
codeset-dependent initial shift state, ready for immediate use with the
cconv(3C) function.
Settings of fromcode, tocode, variant_fromcode, variant_tocode, flag,
and their permitted combinations are implementation-dependent.
The cconv_open() function supports aliases of the codeset name speci‐
fied in tocode and fromcode. The relationship between canonical names
and aliases and the format of possible external alias table is de‐
scribed in alias(5).
When an empty string ("") or "char" is supplied as the string value for
fromcode, tocode, or both, it is interpreted by the function as the
codeset name of the current locale. Similarly, when "wchar_t" is sup‐
plied, the function interprets it as the wide character encoding of the
current locale in the natural byte order of the current processor or as
defined by the locale.
A conversion descriptor remains valid in a process until that process
closes it.
See the EXAMPLES section of cconv(3C) for examples on how to use the
function.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, cconv_open() returns a conversion descrip‐
tor for use on subsequent calls to cconv(). Otherwise, cconv_open() re‐
turns (cconv_t)-1 and sets errno to indicate the error.
ERRORS
The cconv_open() function may fail if:
EMFILE {OPEN_MAX} file descriptors are currently open in the calling
process.
ENFILE Too many files are currently open in the system.
ENOMEM Insufficient storage space is available.
EINVAL The conversion specified by fromcode, tocode, variant_from‐
code, variant_tocode, and flag is not supported by the imple‐
mentation.
FILES
/usr/lib/iconv/*.bt cconv code conversion binary table files for
iconv(1), cconv(3C), and iconv(3C).
/usr/lib/iconv/alias Alias table file of codeset names.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityCommitted _ MT-LevelMT-Safe
SEE ALSO
geniconvtbl(1), iconv(1), exec(2), cconv(3C), cconv_close(3C),
cconvctl(3C), iconv(3C), iconv_close(3C), iconvctl(3C), iconvstr(3C),
malloc(3C), nl_langinfo(3C), setlocale(3C), iconv.h(3HEAD), alias(5),
geniconvtbl(5), geniconvtbl-cconv(5), attributes(7), iconv_extra(7),
iconv_ja(7), iconv_ko(7), iconv_unicode(7), iconv_zh(7),
iconv_zh_TW(7), standards(7)
NOTES
Applications must assume that the conversion descriptors are not valid
after a call to one of the exec functions (see exec(2)).
HISTORY
The cconv_open() function was added to Solaris in the Oracle Solaris
11.4.0 release.
Oracle Solaris 11.4 25 Nov 2024 cconv_open(3C)