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cc_hd(4)
CC_HD(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual CC_HD(4)
NAME
cc_hd — HD Congestion Control Algorithm
DESCRIPTION
The HD congestion control algorithm is an implementation of the Hamilton
Institute's delay-based congestion control which aims to keep network
queuing delays below a particular threshold (queue_threshold).
HD probabilistically reduces the congestion window (cwnd) based on its
estimate of the network queuing delay. The probability of reducing cwnd
is zero at hd_qmin or less, rising to a maximum at queue_threshold, and
then back to zero at the maximum queuing delay.
Loss-based congestion control algorithms such as NewReno probe for net‐
work capacity by filling queues until there is a packet loss. HD com‐
petes with loss-based congestion control algorithms by allowing its prob‐
ability of reducing cwnd to drop from a maximum at queue_threshold to be
zero at the maximum queuing delay. This has been shown to work well when
the bottleneck link is highly multiplexed.
MIB Variables
The algorithm exposes the following tunable variables in the
net.inet.tcp.cc.hd branch of the sysctl(3) MIB:
queue_threshold Queueing congestion threshold (qth) in ticks. Default
is 20.
pmax Per packet maximum backoff probability as a percentage.
Default is 5.
qmin Minimum queuing delay threshold (qmin) in ticks.
Default is 5.
SEE ALSO
cc_chd(4), cc_cubic(4), cc_htcp(4), cc_newreno(4), cc_vegas(4),
h_ertt(4), mod_cc(4), tcp(4), khelp(9), mod_cc(9)
L. Budzisz, R. Stanojevic, R. Shorten, and F. Baker, "A strategy for fair
coexistence of loss and delay-based congestion control algorithms", IEEE
Commun. Lett., 7, 13, 555-557, Jul 2009.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Development and testing of this software were made possible in part by
grants from the FreeBSD Foundation and Cisco University Research Program
Fund at Community Foundation Silicon Valley.
FUTURE WORK
The Hamilton Institute have recently made some improvements to the algo‐
rithm implemented by this module and have called it Coexistent-TCP (C-
TCP). The improvements should be evaluated and potentially incorporated
into this module.
HISTORY
The cc_hd congestion control module first appeared in FreeBSD 9.0.
The module was first released in 2010 by David Hayes whilst working on
the NewTCP research project at Swinburne University of Technology's Cen‐
tre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Melbourne, Australia. More
details are available at:
http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/
AUTHORS
The cc_hd congestion control module and this manual page were written by
David Hayes <david.hayes@ieee.org>.
BSD September 15, 2011 BSD