svcadm(8)을 검색하려면 섹션에서 8 을 선택하고, 맨 페이지 이름에 svcadm을 입력하고 검색을 누른다.
carp(4)
The CARP allows multiple hosts on the same local network to share
a set of IPv4 and/or IPv6 addresses. Its primary purpose is to
ensure that these addresses are always available. To use the ad‐
ministrator needs to configure at a minimum a common virtual host
ID (vhid), and attach at least one IP address to this vhid on
each machine which is to take part in the virtual group. Addi‐
tional parameters can also be set on a per-vhid basis: and which
are used to control how frequently the host sends advertisements
when it is the master for a virtual host, and which is used to
authenticate advertisements. The parameter stands for It is mea‐
sured in seconds and specifies the base of the advertisement in‐
terval. The parameter stands for It is measured in 1/256 of sec‐
onds. It is added to the base advertisement interval to make one
host advertise a bit slower that the other does. Both and are
put inside CARP advertisements. These values can be configured
using or through the CARP virtual hosts can be configured on mul‐
ticast-capable interfaces: Ethernet, layer 2 VLAN, FDDI and Token
Ring. An arbitrary number of virtual host IDs can be configured
on an interface. An arbitrary number of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses
can be attached to a particular vhid. It is important that all
hosts participating in a vhid have the same list of prefixes con‐
figured on the vhid, since all the prefixes are included in the
cryptographic checksum supplied in each advertisement. Multiple
vhids running on one interface participate in master/backup elec‐
tions independently. Additionally, there are a number of global
parameters which can be set using Allow operation. When dis‐
abled, virtual hosts remain in initial state, neither sending nor
receiving announcements or traffic. Enabled by default. Allow
virtual hosts to preempt each other. When enabled, a vhid in a
backup state would preempt a master that is announcing itself
with a lower advskew. Disabled by default. DSCP value in carp
packet. Valid Values are 0 to 63. A value of 4 is equivalent to
the old standard of TOS LOW_DELAY. TOS values were deprecated
and replaced by DSCP in 1998. The default value is 56 (CS7/Net‐
work Control). Determines what events relating to vhids are
logged. A value of 0 disables any logging. A value of 1 enables
logging state changes of vhids. Values above 1 enable logging of
bad packets. The default value is 1. This value shows the cur‐
rent level of CARP demotion. The value is added to the actual
advskew sent in announcements for all vhids. During normal sys‐
tem operation the demotion factor is zero. However, problematic
conditions raise its level: when experiences problem with sending
announcements, when an interface running a vhid goes down, or
while the interface is not synchronized. The demotion factor can
be adjusted writing to the sysctl oid. The signed value supplied
to the command is added to current demotion factor. This allows
to control behaviour depending on some external conditions, for
example on the status of some daemon utility. This value is
added to when an interface running a vhid goes down. The default
value is 240 (the maximum advskew value). This value is added to
when experiences errors sending its announcements. The default
value is 240 (the maximum advskew value). Sometimes it is useful
to get notified about status change events. This can be accom‐
plished by using hooks. Master/slave events are signalled under
system The subsystem specifies the vhid and name of the interface
where the master/slave event occurred. The type of the message
displays the new state of the vhid. Please see and the section
for more information. For firewalls and routers with multiple
interfaces, it is desirable to failover all of the addresses run‐
ning together, when one of the physical interfaces goes down.
This is achieved by the use of the preempt option. Enable it on
both hosts A and B: Assume that host A is the preferred master
and we are running the 192.168.1.0/24 prefix on em0 and
192.168.2.0/24 on em1. This is the setup for host A (advskew is
above 0 so it could be overwritten in the emergency situation
from the other host): ifconfig em0 vhid 1 advskew 100 pass mekmi‐
tasdigoat 192.168.1.1/24 ifconfig em1 vhid 2 advskew 100 pass
mekmitasdigoat 192.168.2.1/24 The setup for host B is identical,
but it has a higher ifconfig em0 vhid 1 advskew 200 pass mekmi‐
tasdigoat 192.168.1.1/24 ifconfig em1 vhid 2 advskew 200 pass
mekmitasdigoat 192.168.2.1/24 When one of the physical interfaces
of host A fails, is demoted to a configured value on all its
vhids. Due to the preempt option, host B would start announcing
itself, and thus preempt host A on both interfaces instead of
just the failed one. Processing of status change events can be
set up by using the following devd.conf rule: notify 0 {
match "system" "CARP"; match "subsystem"
"[0-9]+@[0-9a-z]+"; match "type" "(MAS‐
TER|BACKUP)"; action "/root/carpcontrol.sh $subsystem
$type"; }; To see packets decoded in output, one needs to specify
the option, otherwise will interpret them as VRRP packets: tcp‐
dump -npi vlan0 -T carp The device first appeared in The device
was imported into In was significantly rewritten, and is no
longer a pseudo-interface.