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adimalloc_debug(3malloc)
adim...debug(3MALLOC) Memory Allocation Library Functionsadim...debug(3MALLOC)
NAME
adimalloc_debug - debugging features of the adimalloc library
SYNOPSIS
cc [ flag... ] file... -ladimalloc [ library... ]
DESCRIPTION
The libadimalloc library provides debugging features that detect memory
leaks, buffer overruns, multiple frees, use of uninitialized data, use
of freed data, and many other common programming errors. The activation
of the extended runtime debugging features is controlled by environment
variables.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
ADIMALLOC_DEBUG
This variable contains a list of comma-separated options. Unrecog‐
nized options are ignored. Possible options include:
audit[=frames]
This option enables the recording of auditing information, in‐
cluding thread ID, high-resolution time stamp, and stack trace
for the last action (allocation or free) on every allocation.
If transaction logging (see ADIMALLOC_LOGGING) is enabled, this
auditing information is also logged.
The frames parameter sets the number of stack frames recorded
in the auditing structure. The upper bound for frames is imple‐
mentation defined. If a larger value is requested, the upper
bound is used instead.
If frames is not specified or is not an integer, the default
value of 15 is used.
This option also enables the guards option.
contents[=count]
If auditing and contents logging (see ADIMALLOC_LOGGING) are
enabled, the first count bytes of each buffer are logged when
they are freed. If a buffer is shorter than count bytes, it is
logged in its entirety.
If count is not specified or is not an integer, the default
value of 256 is used.
default
This option is equivalent to audit, contents, guards.
guards
This option enables filling allocated and freed buffers with
special patterns to help detect the use of uninitialized data
and previously freed buffers. It also enables an 8-byte red-
zone after each buffer that contains 0xfeedfacefeedfaceULL.
When an object is freed, it is filled with 0xdeadbeef. When an
object is allocated, the 0xdeadbeef pattern is verified and re‐
placed with 0xbaddcafe. The redzone is checked every time a
buffer is allocated or freed.
adi_precise
The library uses ADI precise mode trapping. This has an overall
performance overhead, but is more accurate at determining the
exact point that an ADI fault occurred. The default is to use
disrupting mode traps.
adi_mode
This option sets the mode ADI will operate in. It may be one of
three values:
on (default if unspecified)
On platforms that support ADI it will be enabled and used
to check for heap errors. On platforms that do not support
ADI, memory allocation routines such as malloc(3C) will re‐
turn NULL with errno set to ENOMEM. A diagnostic message
will be logged to the internal libadimalloc log to indicate
that ADI is unavailable.
fallback
On platforms that support ADI it will be enabled and used
to check for heap errors. On platforms that do not support
ADI the application will continue with adimalloc using the
same allocation strategies it would use if ADI was avail‐
able, however no ADI calls will be made by adimalloc.
off
ADI will be disabled. The same allocation strategies will
be used as when ADI is available, however no ADI calls will
be made by adimalloc. For more information, see the adimal‐
loc_debug_init() and adimalloc_logging_init() functions.
adiheap_compat
The ADIHEAP security extension will be examined to determine if
ADI should be enabled or not. For more information, see the sx‐
adm(8) man page.
verbose
The library writes error descriptions to standard error before
aborting. These messages are not localized.
ADIMALLOC_LOGGING
To be enabled, this variable should be set to a comma-separated
list of in-memory logs. The logs available are:
transaction[=size]
If the audit debugging option is set (see ADIMALLOC_DEBUG), the
audit structures from previous transactions are entered into
this log.
contents[=size]
If the audit debugging option is set, the contents of objects
are recorded in this log as they are freed.
If the "contents" debugging option was not set, 256 bytes of
each freed buffer are saved.
fail[=size]
Records are entered into this log for every failed allocation.
ADIMALLOC_DEBUG and ADIMALLOC_LOGGING are ignored, when used in setuid
or setgid programs or programs that run with more privileges after a
successful exec() function. For more information, see issetugid(2) man
page.
For any of these options, if size is not specified, the default value
of 64k is used. The size parameter must be an integer that can be qual‐
ified with K, M, G, or T to specify kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, or
terabytes, respectively.
Logs that are not listed or that have either a size of 0 or an invalid
size are disabled.
The log is disabled if during initialization the requested amount of
storage cannot be allocated.
FUNCTIONS
const char *adimalloc_debug_init(void);
const char *adimalloc_logging_init(void);
An application that uses libadimalloc may use the above functions to
specify the default ADI debugging and logging settings that it re‐
quires. The adimalloc_debug_init() function corresponds to the ADIMAL‐
LOC_DEBUG environment variable and the adimalloc_logging_init() func‐
tion corresponds to the ADIMALLOC_LOGGING environment variable. These
functions should return a string that is the same as the value for the
corresponding environment variable.
These functions should be defined when required by the application. If
they are present libadimalloc will call them at initialization time,
using the returned value as described above. Any values specified using
these functions will be overridden if the corresponding environment is
set, in which case the value of the environment variable will be used
to configure adimalloc.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
tab() box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface StabilityVolatile _ MT-LevelMT-Safe
SEE ALSO
mdb(1), abort(3C), signal(3C), libadimalloc(3LIB), attributes(7), sx‐
adm(8)
WARNINGS
When libadimalloc aborts the process using abort(3C), any existing sig‐
nal handler for SIGABRT is called. If the signal handler performs allo‐
cations, undefined behavior can result.
NOTES
Some of the debugging features work only for allocations smaller than
1Mb in size. Allocations larger than that could have reduced support.
Activating any of the library's debugging features could significantly
increase the library's memory footprint and decrease its performance.
This API is Volatile and as such can change at any time and for any
reason. See the Volatile entry of the Classifications section of at‐
tributes(7).
Oracle Solaris 11.4 11 May 2021 adim...debug(3MALLOC)