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access(2)

access(2)                        System Calls                        access(2)

NAME
       access, euidaccess, faccessat - determine accessibility of a file

SYNOPSIS
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <sys/fcntl.h>

       int access(const char *path, int amode);


       int euidaccess(const char *path, int amode);


       int faccessat(int fd, const char *path, int amode, int flag);

DESCRIPTION
       The  access() function checks the file named by the pathname pointed to
       by the path argument for accessibility according  to  the  bit  pattern
       contained  in  amode,  using the real user ID in place of the effective
       user ID and the real group ID in place of the effective group ID.  This
       allows  a  setuid process to verify that the user running it would have
       had permission to access this file.


       The value of amode is either the bitwise inclusive  OR  of  the  access
       permissions  to  be  checked  (R_OK, W_OK, X_OK) or the existence test,
       F_OK.


       These constants are defined in <unistd.h> as follows:

       R_OK    Test for read permission.


       W_OK    Test for write permission.


       X_OK    Test for execute or search permission.


       F_OK    Check existence of file



       See the "File Access Permissions" section of  Intro(2)  for  additional
       information. As described there, access may be permitted by the permis‐
       sion bits in the file mode, entries in an Access Control List, or priv‐
       ileges currently asserted for the process.


       If any access permissions are to be checked, each will be checked indi‐
       vidually,  as  described  in  Intro(2).  If the process has appropriate
       privileges, an implementation may indicate success  for  X_OK  even  if
       none of the execute file permission bits are set.


       The faccessat() function is equivalent to the access() function, except
       in the case where path specifies a relative path. In this case the file
       whose  accessibility is to be determined is located relative to the di‐
       rectory associated with the file descriptor fd instead of  the  current
       working directory.


       If  faccessat()  is passed in the fd parameter the special value AT_FD‐
       CWD, defined in <fcntl.h>, the current working directory  is  used  and
       the behavior is identical to a call to access().


       Values for flag are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from
       the following list, defined in <fcntl.h>:

       AT_EACCESS    The  checks for accessibility are performed using the ef‐
                     fective user and group IDs instead of the real  user  and
                     group ID as required in a call to access().



       The  euidaccess()  function  is  equivalent to the faccessat() function
       with an fd of AT_FDCWD and a flag of AT_EACCESS, so that it checks  for
       access using the effective user ID and the effective group ID.

RETURN VALUES
       If  the requested access is permitted, access(), euidaccess(), and fac‐
       cessat() succeed and return 0. Otherwise, −1 is returned and  errno  is
       set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       The access(), euidaccess(), and faccessat() functions will fail if:

       EACCES          Permissions of the file do not permit the requested ac‐
                       cess,  or search permission is denied on a component of
                       the path prefix.


       EFAULT          The path argument points to an illegal address.


       EINTR           A signal was caught during the function.


       ELOOP           Too many symbolic links were encountered  in  resolving
                       path, or loop exists in symbolic links encountered dur‐
                       ing resolution of the path argument.


       ENAMETOOLONG    The  length of the path argument exceeds {PATH_MAX}, or
                       a pathname component is longer  than  {NAME_MAX}  while
                       _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in effect.


       ENOENT          A  component  of path does not name an existing file or
                       path is an empty string.


       ENOLINK         The path argument points to a remote  machine  and  the
                       link to that machine is no longer active.


       ENOTDIR         A component of the path prefix is not a directory.


       ENXIO           The path argument points to a character or block device
                       special  file and the corresponding device has been re‐
                       tired by the fault management framework.


       EROFS           Write access is requested for a  file  on  a  read-only
                       file system.



       The faccessat() function will fail if:

       EBADF    The path argument does not specify an absolute path and the fd
                argument  is neither AT_FDCWD nor a valid file descriptor open
                for reading or searching.



       The access(), euidaccess(), and faccessat() functions may fail if:

       EINVAL          The value of the amode argument is invalid.


       ENAMETOOLONG    Pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an  in‐
                       termediate result whose length exceeds {PATH_MAX}.


       ETXTBSY         Write  access is requested for a pure procedure (shared
                       text) file that is being executed.



       The faccessat() function may fail if:

       EINVAL     The value of the flag argument is not valid.


       ENOTDIR    The path argument is not an absolute path and fd is  neither
                  AT_FDCWD nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.


USAGE
       Additional  values  of amode other than the set defined in the descrip‐
       tion might be valid, for example, if a system has extended access  con‐
       trols.


       The  purpose  of  the faccessat() function is to enable the checking of
       the accessibility of files in directories other than the current  work‐
       ing directory without exposure to race conditions. Any part of the path
       of a file could be changed in parallel to a call to access(), resulting
       in  unspecified  behavior.  By opening a file descriptor for the target
       directory and using the faccessat() function, it can be guaranteed that
       the file tested for accessibility is located relative  to  the  desired
       directory.

ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       tab()  box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) ATTRIBUTE TYPEAT‐
       TRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface  StabilityCommitted  _  MT-LevelAsync-Signal-
       Safe _ StandardSee below.


   Standard
       See standards(7) for descriptions of the following standards:

       tab()  box;  cw(2.2i) |cw(3.3i) lw(2.2i) |lw(3.3i) INTERFACESAPPLICABLE
       STANDARDS _ access()T{
         POSIX.1-1990 through 2008,
         SUS through SUSv4,
         XPG1 through XPG7

       T} _ faccessat()T{
         SUSv4,
         XPG7

       T} _ euidaccess()None


SEE ALSO
       chmod(2), Intro(2), stat(2), acl(7), attributes(7), standards(7)

HISTORY
       The euidaccess() function  was  added  to  Oracle  Solaris  in  Solaris
       11.4.0.


       The faccessat() function was added to Oracle Solaris in Solaris 11.0.0.


       The  access() function has been included in all Sun and Oracle releases
       of Solaris.

Oracle Solaris 11.4               30 Jan 2023                        access(2)
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